• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2004

In this paper, a new on-line dead-time compensation method is proposed. The output voltage errors due to the dead-time effect is considered as disturbance voltages. The magnitude of the disturbance voltages is estimated using a time delay control technique and the disturbance voltages are calculated using the estimated values, measured currents, and position information. The calculated disturbance voltages are fed to voltage references in order to compensate the dead-time effect. The proposed method is applied to a PM synchronous motor drive system and implemented in a digital manner using a digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320C31. The experiments are carried out for this system to show the effectiveness of the proposed method and the results show the validity of the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.235-247
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• 2000

This study was conducted to consider the formation of sleeves from the point of view that dress is one of expressive arts. The formative meaning of a sleeve and its chronological formation according to its formative changes as an evidence showing the Internal changes of social culture were examined, centering around day dress of England in the 11th to 19th centuries. Then, sleeves were formatively classified and their aesthetic values were considered to help do formative, aesthetic expression of dress design in the present times. Literatures and references concerning the history of domestic and foreign dress were used as a method of study. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. In the women's dress, the formation of the sleeve focuses on aesthetic decoration. This means that in the androgentric society the status of women are subordinate socioculturally. 2. Sleeves were classified into a fitted shape and a extension shape according to the aesthetic formation. The fluted shape expressed the beauty of body with emphasis old natural body, whereas the extension shape represented aesthetic expression of decoration. 3. The formation of a sleeve has influence on forming an image of dress by making the silhouette of dress natural or distorted, expresses the harmonious beauty of the whole dress, and produces the expressional beauty that gives a distinct characteristic to a dress.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.234-242
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• 2002

A shape optimal design of synthetic intervertebral disc prosthesis is performed using a three-dimensional finite element method. Geometric parameters are introduced to model the cross-sectional geometry of the intervertebral disc. It is assumed that the total strain energy in the intact intervertebral disc is minimized under the normal load conditions, as often cited in other references. To calculate the stain energy density, both the nonlinear material properties and the large deformations are taken into account. The design variables of the annulus fiber angle and the area ratio of the nucleus pulposus are calculated as 31°and 30%, respectively, which complies well with the intact disc. Thus, the same optimization procedure is applied to the design of the synthetic intervertebral disc prosthesis whose material properties are different from the intact disc. For the given synthetic material properties, the values of 67°and 24% for the fiber angle and the area ratio are obtained.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2018

The aim of this study were to establish the clinical references and guidelines for the maximum standardized uptake ($SUV_{max}$) value of pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, and normal pancreas in $^{18}F-FDG$ PET-CT examinations for pancreatic disease. For this purpose, we performed the statistical analysis on the descriptive statistics, percentiles and inter quartiles range (IQR), normal distribution, and using the probability density function for pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, and normal pancreas. As a result, the clinical reference of $SUV_{max}$ for the pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, and normal pancreas was more than 3.45, 1.91 to 2.62, and less than 1.91, respectively. Also, optimal cut-off value for applying the dual time point PET-CT examination was determined to be 2.62. The results of this study are summarized as follows: first, we suggests the clinical reference and guideline for the pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, and normal pancreas, and second, suggests a scientific approach to improve diagnostic accuracy of pancreatic disease by deviating from an approximate experience approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.15-28
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• 2000

This paper focuses on the sports look expressed in 20th century fashion. It is Age of Sport just as rock'n roll became dominant cultural form of the 1960's and 1970's . In the 1990's the sportsware is fashion. Designers gazing into the future are inspired by the details and functionality of clothing for snow boarding , skiing , motorbike racing and fitness. No doubt fashion in 2000 will also be full of references to it. Since the late 1960's the sportswear that was originally a term for clothing worn for various sports activities in the 1890's has changed and is now considered as fashion for day as well as evening. This has occurred primarily in the U.S. due to the adoption of less formal lifestyles by Americans. while the sportwear is the term which stemmed from the need for functionality in sports, sports look is the style inspired by the formative elements, that is, the details, the shilhouette, and the colors of the sportswear. New technologies for sports, the powerful influence of youthful culture, and the celebritizations of the sports stars made the sports look much hipper and more popular. It can be categoried into three aesthetic values, I. e., the functional sports look,, purism and no useless ornament, the street sports look with fun, androgynous and unisex mode and the mix and match of different texture and colors, and the futuristic sports look with new high tech fabrics and avant-garde style.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.555-566
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• 2017

Recently some efforts have been performed to combine the advantages of light-weight and self-compacting concrete in one package called Light-Weight Self-Compacting Concrete (LWSCC). Accurate prediction of hardened properties from fresh state characteristics is vital in design of concrete structures. Considering the lack of references in mixture design of LWSCC, investigating the proper mixture components and their effects on mechanical properties of LWSCC can lead to a reliable basis for its application in construction industry. This study utilizes wide range of existing data of LWSCC mixtures to study the individual and combined effects of the components on the compressive strength. From sensitivity of compressive strength to the proportions and interaction of the components, two equations are proposed to estimate the LWSCC compressive strength. Predicted values of the equations are in good agreement with the experimental data. Application of lightweight aggregate to reduce the density of LWSCC may bring some mixing problems like segregation. Reaching a higher strength by lowered density is a challenging problem that is investigated as well. The results show that, the compressive strength can be improved by increasing the of mixture density of LWSCC, especially in the range of density under $2000Kg/m^3$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.9 s.240
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• pp.1225-1234
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• 2005

Mode I stress intensity factor $(K_I)$ of Notched Ring Test(NRT) specimen for measuring slow crack growth resistance was found using finite-element method. The theoretical $K_I$ value of NRT was not available in any references and could not be solved analytically. At first, in order to verify the accuracy of the finite-element approach, published $K_I$ values of several cracks were calculated and compared with finite-element results. The results were in good agreement within inherent errors of theoretical $K_I$. Finally the mode I stress intensity factor of NRT was found using 2- and 3-dimensional finite-element methods and expressed as a function of the applied load. This enabled direct comparison of resistance to slow crack growth between NRT and Notched Pipe Test(NPT), which employ different loading regime.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-20
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• 2003

In Korea association of health promotion(KHAP) there are fourteen laboratories in branch offices and one laboratory in headquarter office. To standardize the reference ranges of all laboratories of KAHP, they have been newly calculated from the laboratory data perfomed during the previous yearsby statistical metod annually for the period of 2000 through2003 so far. The referance ranges of total 56 test items were assigned. Among these there were eight test items that needed referance ranges by age groups and nine test items that needed reference rages by gender. The age grouping was into six groups : baby (0-3y), children(4-12y), adolescent(13-18y), adult(19-64y), younger elderly(19-64y), older elderly(over 80y) with references of statics in Medical Informatics and WHO classification. All the data collected were statistically analyzed with SAS 6.04 for Gaussian distribution that had been repeated two or three times after trimming out the the tests showed Gaussian distribution. Subsequently, Thereference ranges were defined in the rage from the point of lower 2.5% to the point of higher 97.5%. And in case the lower range could be "0", the reference ranges were defined in the range of 0 to 95%. Fifteen laboratoried troughout Korea of KAHP currently have standarzed reference rages of the tests that they perform. This means the patient data and reference values an be exchangeable among laboratories of KHAP.Annual revise of such reference rages can eventually lead to the level of those representing a standard of the national reference ranges.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1085-1089
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• 2004

An impedance properties of the positive active material Li(Cr$_{0.4}$Mn$_{0.6}$)O$_2$ are measured by the changeable trend to the time. The charge-discharge capacities of 297 mAh(g)$^{-1}$ 175 mAh(g)$^{-1}$ are obtained by the made cell with the active material that the Cr was added to LiMnO$_2$ to prevent structural degradation of an electrode active material with impedance of 75 Ω to get at an initial hour. Resultantly, these variations which the impedances enhanced continually, were not watched the impeditive variations as the results of the delay time that the positive thin films and the references have been soaked all together in the solution of electrolyte of 1M LiPF$_{6}$ EC/DEC(l/2). Accordingly, it means an amount increased of the discharged capacities in the view of the results that the impeditive values were decreased are known already through a authorized paper.per.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.215-227
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• 2018

Along with globalization of traveling and trading, fish-borne nematodiases seems to be increasing in number. However, apart from occasional and sporadic case reports or mini-reviews of particular diseases in particular countries, an overview of fish-borne nematodiasis among travelers have never been performed. In this review, we gathered fish-borne nematodiasis among travelers for recent 25 years by an extensive global literature survey using appropriate keywords, e.g. travelers diseases, human infection, anisakiasis, gnathostomiasis, capillariasis, sushi, sashimi, ceviche, Gnathostoma, Pseudoterranova, Anisakis, Capillaria, etc., as well as various combinations of these key words. The Internet search engines PubMed, Medline, Google and Googler Scholar were used as much as possible, and the references of every paper were checked in order to identify useful and reliable publications. The results showed unexpectedly high incidence of gnathostomiasis and low incidence of anisakidosis. The different incidence values of the infection with several fish-borne zoonotic nematode species are discussed, as well as some epidemiological aspects of the infections. The difficulties of differential diagnosis in non-endemic countries are emphasized. It is concluded that travelers must avoid risky behaviors which can lead to infection and that physicians and health authorities must advice travelers on the risks of eating behaviors during travel.