• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.59-72
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• 1999

The purpose of the study is to propose the concrete and realistic alternative measures for $CO_2$ emission reduction on commercial sector. To achieve the purpose, this study adopted AIM/KOREA simulation model modified from AIM(Asia-Pacific Integrated Model) originally developed by Japan National Environmental Research Institute. The results of simulation demonstrate that the $CO_2$ emission from the commercial sector in 1995 was estimated 864 million TC(tons of carbon); however, according to the base scenario, $CO_2$ emission in 2020 is expected to be increased to 1,872 million TC, which is 2.17 times greater than that in 1995. In order to mitigate the ever-increasing $CO_2$ emission, the results of AIM/KOREA simulations under various scenarios showed that the 30-thousand-won carbon tax scenario does not successfully motivate the selection of advanced technology; however, with the 300-thousand-won carbon tax, a substantial amount of $CO_2$ emission reduction by 1.69 million TC from the BaU((Business-as-Usual)scenario is expected to be achieved by year 2020. Such substantial reduction of $CO_2$ emission under the 300-thoudsand-won carbon tax scenario is due to the introduction of advanced technology, such as use of condensing boilers, forced by heavier carbon tax. Under the scenario that presumes the maximum introduction of gas-burning industrial appliances, an 2.66 million TC of $CO_2$ reduction was expected. The results of this study suggest that the $CO_2$ emission reduction measures can be interpreted in many different views. However, if people and industries are fully aware of the economic benefit of energy saving, a certain level of $CO_2$ reduction by a successful introduction of advanced energy saving technology appears to be achieved without carbon tax or subsidies.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 1999

This study focuses on one of typical energy-intensive industries, the cement industry. The purpose of the study is to propose $SO_2$ emission reduction measures in the cement industry. This study partially employed and modified AIM(Asia-Pacific Integrated Model) developed by Japan National Environmental Research Institute to develop AIM/KOREA SULFUR model for simulation. In the study, a base scenario, and mitigation scenarios(a use of low-sulfur contain fuel, fuel conversion to cleaner energy, an induction of desulfurization systems, and energy saving) were employed. The results of the simulation are summarized below: The sulphur dioxide emission from the cement industry in 1992 was estimated to be 106,000 metric tons; however, according to base scenario, sulphur dioxide emission is expected to be increased to 219,000 metric tons, which is 2.1 times greater than that in 1992 by year 2020. To alleviate such increasement, simulation results under various scenarios proved that some degrees of reduction may be possible by an induction of desulfulization systems although there may be numerous ways to interpretate the simulation results.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.473-496
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• 2022

In 2014, Liu and Wang established a large number of interesting reduction, transformation and summation formulas for the Kampé de Fériet function. Inspired by the work, we aim to find further several transformation and reduction formulas for the Kampé de Fériet function. Theses formulas are mainly based on the formulas given by Liu and Wang [33].

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is what Saamchimbeop's method of reinforcement and reduction. Methods : 1. We reffered to the Bo-Sa method of DongeuiBo-gam(東醫寶鑑), Uihakim-mun(醫學入門), Uihakjeong-jeon(醫學正傳), Chimgugyeongheom-bang(鍼灸經驗方), Biaoyou-fu(標幽賦) in Cimgudaeseong(鍼灸大成), Nei-Jing(內經). 2. We make a conjecture that Zheng(正), Ying(迎), Sui(隨), Xie(斜) Yingzheng(迎正), Duo(奪), Zhenghuoxie(正或斜), Wen(溫), Liang(凉), JongYang-Inyin (從陽引陰) in Saamchimbeop are another expression of method of reinforcement and reduction and compared with the method of reinforcement and reduction of DongeuiBo-gam(東醫寶鑑), Uihakim-mun(醫學入門), Uihakjeong-jeon(醫學正傳), Chimgugyeongheom-bang(鍼灸經驗方), Biaoyou-fu(標幽賦) in Cimgudaeseong(鍼灸大成), Nei-Jing(內經). Results : 1. Zheng(正) and Xie(斜) are angle of acupuncture manipulation. The descending inserting of Yang-meridian is acupuncture manipulation for the Tonifying effect(補法) and the direct inserting of Yin-meridian is the Dispersing effect(瀉法). 2. JongYang-Inyin(從陽引陰) is the contralateral acupuncture. 3. Ying(迎) and Sui(隨) in the Saamchimbeop are same meaning the method of reinforcement and reduction(補瀉手技法). 4. Saamchimbeop's the final aim is the Wen-Liang(溫凉) according to the disease strong and weak in the Ohaeng-seo of Saam-acupuncture. Conclusions : Saamchimbeop's method of reinforcement and reduction is reinforcement-reduction by lifting and thrusting the needle, breathing reinforcement-reduction method, reinforcing and reducing achieved by rapid and slow insertion and withdrawing of the needles, reinforcement and reduction by opening and closing of needles with contralateral acupuncture by Yin-meridian or Yang-meridian. Saamchimbeop's the final aim is the Wen-Liang(溫凉) according to the disease strong and weak.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.83-96
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• 2013

Let K be a number field and fix a prime number $p$. For any set S of primes of K, we here say that an elliptic curve E over K has S-reduction if E has bad reduction only at the primes of S. There exists the set $B_{K,p}$ of primes of K satisfying that any elliptic curve over K with $B_{K,p}$-reduction has no $p$-torsion points under certain conditions. The first aim of this paper is to construct elliptic curves over K with $B_{K,p}$-reduction and a $p$-torsion point. The action of the absolute Galois group on the $p$-torsion subgroup of E gives its associated Galois representation $\bar{\rho}_{E,p}$ modulo $p$. We also study the irreducibility and surjectivity of $\bar{\rho}_{E,p}$ for semistable elliptic curves with $B_{K,p}$-reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.623-628
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to design fast non local means (FNLM) noise reduction algorithm and to confirm its application feasibility in light microscopic image. For that aim, we acquired mouse first molar image and compared between previous widely used noise reduction algorithm and our proposed FNLM algorithm in acquired light microscopic image. Contrast to noise ratio, coefficient of variation, and no reference-based evaluation parameter such as natural image quality evaluator (NIQE) and blind/referenceless image spatial quality evaluator (BRISQUE) were used in this study. According to the result, our proposed FNLM noise reduction algorithm can achieve excellent result in all evaluation parameters. In particular, it was confirmed that the NIQE and BRISQUE evaluation parameters for analyzing the overall morphologcal image of the tooth were 1.14 and 1.12 times better than the original image, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrated the usefulness and feasibility of FNLM noise reduction algorithm in light microscopic image of small animal tooth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.137-142
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics and quantity of the noise reduction by floor coverings. The characteristics on the reduction of the lightweight impact sound level by floor coverings is as follows. The insulation level attained by floor coverings tends to be smaller in actual buildings than in public laboratories. The reduction of the impact sound level to the tape is similar to the method of adhesives. For this reason, the reduction of impact sound level by floor coverings in public laboratories can be utilized to tape. And the reduction of impact sound level by floor coverings is not influenced by the size of specimen except the specific frequency.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.1-4
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• 1993

This is the study on the feature of mixing method of high strength flowing concrete using the superplasticizing agent which is used to aim considerable reduction effect of water contents in the same level of consistency and workability. It is the aim of this study to compare workability and engineering properties of high strength flowing concrete according to mixing order of materials and the addition time and method of superplssticizing agent.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2004

This paper concerns an effective dual-channel noise reduction method to increase the performance of speech recognition in a car environment. While various single channel methods have already been developed and dual-channel methods have been studied somewhat, their effectiveness in real environments, such as in cars, has not yet been formally proven in terms of achieving acceptable performance level. Our aim is to remedy the low performance of the single and dual-channel noise reduction methods. This paper proposes an effective dual-channel noise reduction method based on a high-pass filter and front-end processing of the eigendecomposition method. We experimented with a real multi-channel car database and compared the results with respect to the microphones arrangements. From the analysis and results, we show that the enhanced eigendecomposition method combined with high-pass filter indeed significantly improve the speech recognition performance under a dual-channel environment.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.71-82
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• 1998

This study focuses on one of the most typical energy-intensive industries, the steel industry. The two-fold purpose of the study is to develop a model to assess measures to alleviate sulfur dioxide($SO_2$) emissions from the steel industry and to propose a concrete $SO_2$ emission reduction measure from the steel industry. This study partially employed and modified AIM(Asia-Pacific Integrated Model) developed by Japan National Environmental Research Institute to develop AIM/KOREA SULFUR model for simulation. In the study, a base scenario, which is BAU(Business As Usual) scenario, and mitigation scenarios(a use of low-sulfur contain fuel, fuel conversion to cleaner energy, an induction of desulfurization systems, and energy saving) were employed. The results of the simulation are summarized below: The sulphur dioxide emission from the steel industry in 1992 was estimated to be 252,000 metric tons; however, according to BAU scenario, sulphur dioxide emission is expected to be increased to 586,000 metric tons, which is 2.3 times greater than that in 1992 by year 2020. To alleviate such increasement, simulation results under various 7scenarios proved that some degrees of reduction may be possible by an induction of desulfurization systems although there may be numerous ways to interpretate the simulation results; however, the bottom line is that it appears to be difficult to achieve the Korean Ministry of Environment's policy goal-a mitigation of sulphur dioxide concentration to 0.01ppm.