• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1815-1820
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to extract chicken leg bone, which is a by-product of industrial poultry processing, using different heating temperatures (80, 90 and $100^{\circ}C$) and durations (5, 10 and 15 min). The pH value, soluble protein content, peptide content and antioxidative properties, including superoxide anion scavenging ability, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability, reducing capacity and inhibitory activity of linoleic acid peroxidation, were measured. The results showed no significant differences (p>0.05) in pH value among all treatments. Decreased soluble protein content and peptide content were observed in chicken leg bone extract obtained under higher heating temperatures (90 or $100^{\circ}C$) and longer heating durations (10 or 15 min). In antioxidative properties, the extracts which were heated at 90 or $100^{\circ}C$ for 15 min exhibited significantly higher superoxide anion scavenging ability, DPPH free radical scavenging ability, reducing capacity and inhibitory activity of linoleic acid peroxidation (p<0.05).

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate their physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of white radish teas such as pH, color value, total polyphenol contents, total flavonoids, DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and sensory evaluation. They were processed by drying(AD), drying and roasting(ADR), steaming and drying(SAD), and steaming, drying, and roasting(SADR). As a result, the pH of ADR, and SADR tended to be significantly lowered and SADR was the lowest at $5.48{\pm}0.14$(p<0.001). Additionally, ADR and SADR were significantly different in color and browning value, compared to AD and SAD. There was no significant difference in reducing sugar content depending on processing methods. The total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content of the teas were significantly increase after roasting. DPPH radical scavenging activity was significantly higher in ADR and SDAR than in AD or SAD by 1.1~1.5 times(p<0.05). Compared with ADR and SADR after roasting, the sensory characteristics of AD and SAD were significantly lower than those of roasted ADAD and SAD, respectively. From the above results, it was concluded that the roasting process is a major process that affects the physicochemical quality characteristics and antioxidant activities.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 2009

The methanol extract of Dillenia indica was tested for antioxidant activity as determined by free radical scavenging of DPPH radical scavenging assay, reducing power, total antioxidant capacity measured by phosphomolybdenum method, total phenolic content and total flavonoids content determination assays. The extract showed significant activities in all antioxidant assays compared to the standard antioxidant in a dose dependent manner. In DPPH radical scavenging assay the $IC_{50}$ value of the extract was found to be 100.53${\mu}g/ml$ while ascorbic acid has the $IC_{50}$ value 58.92${\mu}g/ml$. Dillenia indica extract showed strong reducing power and total antioxidant capacity. Moreover, methanol extracts also possess high amount of phenolics and flavovonoids and expressed as gallic acid and rutin equivalent respectively. The remarkable activities exhibited in reactive oxygen species scavenging may attributed to the high amount of hydrophilic phenolics present in Dillenia indica.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.291-300
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• 2013

The main purpose of this study is to analyse economic feasibility of low-carbon-oriented gear for anchovy boat seine. The results of benefit/cost analysis showed that use of the low-carbon fishing gear is economically feasible. Considering the fuel saving and relatively low $CO_2$ emission by reducing the resistance of gear, net present value by such type 1 gear improvement was estimated about -2,490 ~ -1,580 million won with the benefit-cost ratio 0.81~ 0.88. And net present value by such type 2 gear improvement was estimated about 6,540 ~ 7,780 million won with the benefit-cost ratio 1.79 ~ 1.94. Development of lowcarbon trawl gear would render significant contributions to reducing $CO_2$ emission in fishing operations and lead to reduce fishing costs due to fuel savings.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.971-978
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• 2014

Investigation of the quality characteristics of Takju brewing mashes prepared with several different yeasts was carried out during the 42-day brewing process, including examination of titratable acidity, amino acid content, sugar contents, alcohol contents, pH, reducing sugar, yeast population, lactic acid bacteria, and sensory evaluation. Fermivin yielded the highest titratable acidity, while la parisienne had the lowest. Fermivin also had the highest value of amino acid content (14.33%), while other yeasts shows period tended to increase over exclude Instaferm and Song chun. The amount of sugars in instaferm ($11.33^{\circ}Bx$) and instaferm red ($10.53^{\circ}Bx$) were higher than those in La parisienne red and Song chun ($9.57^{\circ}Bx$). The alcohol contents of instaferm was the highest value (15.20%) while the alchol content of the other yeasts tended to increase the fementation period. Fermivin had the highest pH at $12^{th}$ day among the yeasts(4.02), Instaferm red had the lowest pH among the yeasts (3.87) while safbrew wb-06 had the highest reducing sugar content(117.60 mg/mL). Instaferm obtained the highest preference in the sensory evaluation for all items.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.471-477
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• 2018

The antioxidant properties of mushroom and sea tangle extracts and mustard leaf added to Kimchi were investigated by total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS anion scavenging, FRAP reducing power, and ORAC value. Total phenolic content of functional Kimchi (FK) was significantly higher than that of control Kimchi (CK). DPPH radical and ABTS anion scavenging activities of functional Kimchi were significantly higher than those of control Kimchi by 2.7 and 1.7 fold, respectively (p<0.05). Also, the FRAP reducing power and ORAC value of functional Kimchi increased compared to those of the control Kimchi by 1.6 and 1.1 fold, respectively (p<0.05). Our results suggest that functional Kimchi made by mushroom and sea tangle extracts and mustard leaf may be a potent antioxidant source and could be developed as a antioxidant functional food that may be for the effective treatment of oxidant conditions. Through continuous research and development of functional Kimchi by the use of mushroom and sea tangle extracts, it will be necessary to try to identify other functions that could be useful for preventing various diseases.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2006

Enzymatic ethanolysis of fish oil with immobilized lipase was investigated for reducing the free fatty acid contents and enhancing the function of fish oil. Ethanolysis reactions were carried out in erlenmeyer flask (25ml) containing a mixture of squid viscera oil and 99.9% ethanol using 1% (based on w/w squid viscera oil) immobilized lipase. The reaction mixtures were incubated at $50^{\circ}C$ and shaken at 100rpm. Ethanol was added into the mixture by stepwise addition method of Shinmada[9]. Measurement of free fatty acid molar amounts was studied by Acid Value. Tendency of oil variation during transesterification was studied by TLC method. Enzymatic ethanolysis composed diglyceride, monoglyceride and fatty acid ethyl ester with reducing free fatty acid contents. Also, selective ethanolysis by Lipozyme TL-IM and Lipozyme RM-IM mostly did not react at the sn-2 position of squid viscera oil. Lipozyme RM-IM was more suitable enzyme to reduce the free fatty acid contents by ethanolysis than Lipozyme TL-IM. Squid viscera oil was transformed into suitable properties (5 in Acid Value) for functional fish oil production.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2016

In this report, we investigated the antioxidant (peroxyl radical-scavenging and reducing capacities) and anti-osteoporotic activities of extracts and isolated constituents (1 - 16) from the rhizomes of Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker on pre-osteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells. Compound 5 exhibited significant peroxyl radical-scavenging capacity, with TE value of $8.47{\pm}0.52{\mu}M$, while compound 13 showed significant reducing capacity, with CUPRAC value of $5.66{\pm}0.26{\mu}M$, at $10.0{\mu}M$. In addition, flavonoid compounds 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and terpene compound 15 showed significant inhibition of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in NF-${\kappa}B$ ligand-induced osteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells, with values ranging from $16.97{\pm}1.02$ to $64.67{\pm}2.76%$. These results indicated that K. parviflora could be excellent sources for the antioxidant and anti-osteoporotic traditional medicinal plants.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2021

In this study, we will determined the total phenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract (ME) of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera. L) fruits (DPF) of four native cultivars from Algeria: Ghars (Gh), Chtaya (Cht), DeglaBeïda (DB) and Tinissine (Tns). The TPC of ME of DPF was measured by using Folin-Ciocalteu. Thereafter, the antioxidant capacity of various extracts was determined using DPPH test, reducing power and superoxide anion test. These results showed that dates had strongly scavenging activity on DPPH. The value of IC50 for DPPH radical test was 0.077 mg/ml in Cht. Also, Cht cultivar showed the best-reducing power, which was significantly higher than the other varieties. The less IC50 value in cyclic voltammetry method (CV), which meets the highest effective antioxidant, was 0.006 mg/ml in methanolic extract of Cht.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1433-1439
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• 2009

Best value is the ultimate goal of the owner and can thus have diverse meanings according to the project characteristic, owner's purpose, user groups' payment capability, etc.. Recently, resettlement problems of the marginalized members in the urban regeneration area have been issued in Korea because they have no capability to purchase (or lease) redeveloped housing (or apartment). It means that a minimized production cost for reducing supply price of housing is a key factor in establishing the best value of the marginalized members. The lowest-price bidding system serves the purpose of ensuring a minimized production cost, but due to the low-cost investments, it creates various problems, such as sloppy construction, lowered quality, an increased LCC, and worsening profitability for builders. Thus, to help them resettle, it is necessary to supply affordable housing geared towards a certain appropriate quality and minimum construction costs. Towards this end, this study aimed to propose a cost reduction bidding system based on a technical proposal. The proposed technical-proposal-based cost reduction bidding system consists of the following components: work-unit-based, project-unit-based, and construction-period-reducing technical proposals. These components are evaluated to select the best bidder for a given project. The technical proposal based cost reduction bidding system proposed herein is expected to provide facilities with appropriate supply prices and appropriate quality levels, to bolster the technological competitiveness of builders.