• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.353-362
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• 2009

In the process of turbine modernizations, the investigation of the influences of water passage roughness on radial flow machine performance is crucial and validates the efficiency step up between reduced scale model and prototype. This study presents the specific losses per component of a Francis turbine, which are estimated by CFD simulation. Simulations are performed for different water passage surface roughness heights, which represents the equivalent sand grain roughness height. As a result, the boundary layer logarithmic velocity profile still exists for rough walls, but moves closer to the wall. Consequently, the wall friction depends not only on roughness height but also on its shape and distribution. The specific losses are determined by CFD numerical simulations for each component of the prototype, taking into account its own specific sand grain roughness height. The model efficiency step up between reduced scale model and prototype value is finally computed by the assessment of specific losses on prototype and by evaluating specific losses for a reduced scale model with smooth walls. Furthermore, surveys of rough walls of each component were performed during the geometry recovery on the prototype and comparisons are made with experimental data from the EPFL Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines reduced scale model measurements. This study underlines that if rough walls are considered, the CFD approach estimates well the local friction loss coefficient. It is clear that by considering sand grain roughness heights in CFD simulations, its forms a significant part of the global performance estimation. The availability of the efficiency field measurements provides an unique opportunity to assess the CFD method in view of a systematic approach for turbine modernization step up evaluation. Moreover, this paper states that CFD is a very promising tool for future evaluation of turbine performance transposition from the scale model to the prototype.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 계단식 보강토 옹벽에 대한 측소 모형실험 수행하고 그 결과를 토대로 계단식 보강토 옹벽의 파괴 메카니즘을 분석하였다. 보강토 옹벽의 모형설험은 5m 높이의 현장옹벽에 대해 상사법칙을 적용하여 축소$\cdot$모사하였으며 상사법칙 적용 결과에 따라 보강재를 선택하여 실험을 실시하였다. 또한, 파괴 메카니즘 분석을 위해 자중에 의한 파괴를 성공적으로 유도하였다. 실험결과를 토대로 보강토 옹벽의 상$\cdot$하단 옹벽의 이격거리와 보강재 길이가 파괴 양상에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며 아울러 현재 적용되고 있는 설계기준의 타당성 검토하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.849-854
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• 2002

From the analysis results of some as-built drawings in national roadway bridges in Korea, many bridge piers are expected to show complex shear-flexural behaviour under earthquakes. But the previous research works about the seismic evaluation of bridges considered flexural behaviour RC piers only. In addition, the past bridge design specifications in Korea didn't include limitation on the amount of longitudinal lap splices in the plastic hinge zone of piers. Thus a large majority of non-seismically designed bridge piers in Korea may have lap splices in plastic hinge zone. In this study, prototype pier was selected among existent bridge piers whose failure mode is expected to be complex shear-flexural mode. And then, full scale and 1/2 reduced scale model RC piers with various longitudinal lap splice details were constructed. From the quasi static test results on these model RC piers, the effect of longitudinal lap splices on the seismic performance of bridges piers was analyzed. And the seismic capacity of the non-seismically designed shear-flexural RC piers was evaluated.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.664-670
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• 2010

The study on mechanical behavior of the structure at the site includes experimental method and numerical analysis method. Experimental method is categorized into true-scale test and laboratory model test. A laboratory model test is to monitor the failure mechanism with a model simulated similar with a real ground so as to identify the quantitative result, while a true-scale model test is the approach which enables to identify the potential problems that may occur with a simulated construction situation similar with a real site circumstance. Thus this study was intended to carry out the experimental test of non open-cut excavation by pipe roof method which is mostly common in domestic sites. as well as was aimed at identifying the ground behavior occurred during pipe penetration using laboratory model test. Appropriate reduced-scale model was selected, taking into account of domestic geological characteristics and operation characteristics of traditional and high-speed rail trains and the qualitative evaluation of displacement was carried out based on a certain ground loss volume depending on excavation after categorizing trackbed settlement pattern by depth of top soil.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1193-1196
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• 2003

Noise reduction effect of a pine tree which was used to reinforce a noise barrier was studied by using reduced scale model test. The result show that the pine tree itself was less effective but the combination of pine tree and noise barrier was good for reducing the noise and sight.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2008

대구 지하철 화재가 발생한 중앙로 역사를 1/20 축소모델로 제작하여 연기확산 실험을 수행하였다. 지하역사의 양쪽으로 연결된 터널을 모델 실험에서도 구현해야 하지만 실험실 공간의 제약으로 인해 짧은 길이의 덕트에 유동저항을 줄 수 있는 메쉬를 부착하여 터널을 대신하였다. 방화로 인해 좌석에서 화재가 발생하였기 때문에 화재 시나리오는 좌석의 가연물 특성을 고려하여 선정하였고 가시화 장치와 온도 측정으로 역사로의 연기 전파 시간을 측정하였다. 현재 지하역사 화재시 보편적 개념으로 확립되어있는 급기형태의 제연 방식이 연기확산을 촉진하는 것을 실험적으로 확인하였다. 화재 환기가 없을 때 지하 3층 승강장에서의 화재발생으로부터 지하역사 전체에 연기가 확산되는 데에는 약 10분의 시간이 필요하였다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.33-48
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• 2022

This paper presents illustrative examples of the application of advanced digital image correlation (DIC) technology in the geotechnical laboratory tests, such as shallow footing test, trapdoor test, retaining wall test, and wide width tensile test on geogrid. The theoretical background of the DIC technique is first introduced together with fundamental equations. Relevant reduced-scale model tests were then performed using standard sand while applying the DIC technique to capture the movement of target materials during tests. A number of different approaches were tried to obtain optimized images that allow efficient tracking of material speckles based on the DIC technique. In order to increase the trackability of soil particles, a mix of dyed and regular sand was used during the model tests while specially devised painted speckles were applied to the geogrid. A series of images taken during tests were automatically processed and analyzed using software named VIC-2D that automatically generates displacements and strains. The soil deformation field and associated failure patterns obtained from the DIC technique for each test were found to compare fairly well with the theoretical ones. Also shown is that the DIC technique can also general strains appropriate to the wide width tensile test on geogrid, It is demonstrated in this study that the advanced DIC technique can be effectively used in monitoring the deformation and strain field during a reduced-scale geotechnical model laboratory test.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.162-167
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• 2004

The scale model grounding systems to study the behavior of grounding system in uniform soils have been designed and fabricated. Constructional details and instrumentation have been discussed. To verify the accuracy of the results obtained from the experimental tests, they have been compared with computer calculation results. Also, in order to assess the effectiveness of bonding two grounding systems, grounding grid conductors which were downsized as a scale factor of 100:1 were analyzed by using the scale model method. A profile of GPR(Grounding Potential Rise) of each case was measured. The scale model grounding system presented in this paper can be valuable tool to analyze the ground potential profile and ground resistance of practical grounding system.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 계절적 환경변화로 인한 동결-융해 반복과정에 노출되는 옹벽구조물의 거동에 관한 축소 모형실험 연구 내용을 다루었다. 이를 위해 먼저 동결-융해 과정을 모사할 수 있는 모형 옹벽 실험 장치를 구현하고 실제 계절별 온도 변화 과정을 모사하였으며 다양한 흙의 함수비 및 뒤채움흙의 종류 등을 따른 영향 변화를 고찰을 위한 모형실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 계절별 온도변화에 따른 동결-융해 반복 과정은 옹벽의 변위를 증가시키고 토압을 증가시키는 것으로 검토되었다. 아울러 동결-융해 반복 사이클의 영향은 흙의 초기 함수비가 클수록 그리고 세립분을 많이 포함할수록 증가되는 것으로 검토되었다. 본 논문에서는 도출된 연구결과가 실무적 차원에서 지니는 의미에 대한 내용을 기술하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 계절적 환경변화로 인한 습윤-건조 반복과정에 노출되는 옹벽구조물의 거동에 관한 축소 모형실험 연구 내용을 다루었다. 이를 위해 먼저 습윤-건조 과정을 모사할 수 있는 모형 옹벽 실험 장치를 구축하고 강우강도 및 뒤채움흙의 종류 등을 매개변수로하여 다양한 조건에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 강우로 인한 습윤-건조 반복 과정은 옹벽의 변위를 증가시키고 토압을 증가시키는 등 거동 측면에서 불안정성을 야기시킬 수 있는 인자로 검토되었다. 한편, 전반적으로 첫 번째 습윤-건조 사이클에서 변위가 가장 크게 발생하고 그 이후 습윤 사이클에서의 변위 증가량은 사이클이 진행되면서 감소되는 것으로 관찰되었다. 아울러 이러한 습윤-건조 반복과정의 영향은 뒤채움흙의 종류에 따라 그 정도가 차이나는 것으로 나타났으며 세립분 함유량이 클수록 습윤-건조 반복작용의 영향이 큰 것으로 검토되었다.