• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1080-1095
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• 2023

Three-dimensional virtual fitting has become a trending practice in the fashion industry because of its productivity benefits, allowing garments to be virtually worn by avatar models without physical production. This study analyzed the variables influencing clothing pressure in both real and virtual fittings to expand the potential utility of pressure data derived from the latter. For this purpose, six sets of compression garments were created by combining two types of tricot fabrics and three types of reduced-pattern tops, with the clothing for real and virtual fittings having identical dimensions. Focus was directed to analyzing the correlation among clothing pressure, surface area deformation, and the mechanical properties of the fabrics. In real fittings, clothing pressure was influenced by multiple factors, including garment design, pattern reduction ratio, body shape, and fabric properties, consistent with existing knowledge. In virtual fittings, however, only the digital mechanical characteristics of the fabrics significantly influenced clothing pressure. The findings suggest that a more reliable implementation of clothing pressure in virtual fitting programs necessitates an approach that considers the complex structural information of garments.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2010

Design of velocity-compounded turbine for 75ton class LRE turbopump application and pressure compounded turbine for 30ton class LRE turbopump has been performed. 1D calculation and CFD analysis were conducted in determining blade and flow passage shape of velocity compounded turbine iteratively. Finally, 23.1% improved specific power and 5% reduced weight turbine to the original design was developed. In case of pressure-compounded supersonic turbine design, rotational speed was increased by 50% and the effect of carryover ratio, 2nd nozzle installation angle, leakage flow of 2nd nozzle, and work sharing factor was studied. Final 1D design resulted 36% increased specific power and 51% reduced weight comparing to the original single-row impulse turbine. It is anticipated that nozzle flow path design will be very important for the accomplishment of expected performance of pressure-compounded turbine and nozzle shape optimization will be conducted through the CFD analysis.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2011

Since many blood pressure pulse analyzer made to measurement of a pulse wave in quantitative way has been started, some sorts of pressure sensors are being developed. The result could differ and this cause either type of sensor or module shape, when pulse wave is measured. In this paper, calculate and compare the pressure sensor's stress distribution according to thickness of PDMS coating and existence of guide through Finite Element Method. As a result, the center of pressure sensor's stress increase as much as 24% as it is reduced as much as 0.3 mm that the PDMS coating thichness of pulse diagnostic sensor module, on the other hand the surrouding censor of center sensor's stress is reduced as much as 4.9%, and transmissive proportion of stress is small as little as 2.7%, When coating has guide.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2001

Aging has been recognized as the primary cause of disc degeneration. A biomechanical characteristics of disc degeneration has been demonstrated that intradiscal pressure is reduced. With the increasing population of elderly people, disc degeneration and associated problems of nerve entrapment are becoming more prevalent. Presently, research on reduced intradiscal pressure associated with degeneration is insufficient. In this study. we used the Finite Element Method (FEM) of computerized simulations to investigate the effects of variation in intradiscal pressure on mechanical behaviours of L4-5 intervertebral disc degeneration. Degeneration was classified using four grades based on initial intradiscal pressure; Normal (135 kPa), mild(107 kPa), moderate (47 kPa) and severe (15 kPa). The predicted results f3r bending loads were as follows; 1 . Range of motion increased progressively with severity of degeneration with flexion and lateral bending moments, but decreased with extension moments. 2. Discal bulging of posterolateral aspect was larger in lateral bending and extension moment. But bulging was increased with severity of degeneration in lateral bending and torsion(same side).3. The rate of increasing intradiscal pressure was decreased in all bending motions with severity of degeneration. In conclusion, lateral bending and extension moment yield greatest bulging in severe degeneration. In torsion, although bending load produces disc bulging, disc bulging was associated more strongly with severity of degeneration than increasing torsional moments. Clinical Implications: Discal bulging may produce nerve root impingement and irritation. The effect of loading and posture on the varying degrees of disc degeneration has important implications especially in the elderly. In the presence of disc degeneration, avoidance of end range postures, especially extension and lateral bending may help reduce discal bulging and in turn, nerve entrapment.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.512-520
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• 2012

In this study, the numerical analysis for the flows around an axial cylinder is carried out in order to investigate the basic characteristics of drag of blunt body. A variation of drag and flow separation for the axial cylinder is investigated according to the length-diameter ratio. Also, the flow separation around the head is removed by rounding-off the front edge of the body to analyze the effect of drag reduction. Most of the drag turns out to be a pressure drag component and the variation of drag is caused by the change of pressure and velocity which is affected strongly by the flow separation at the edges of the axial cylinder. Especially, it is found that the pressure drag component acting on the back of axial cylinder, as known as the base drag, mainly changes the drag. As the length-diameter ratio of axial cylinder increases, the drag sharply decreases and the minimum is shown when the length-diameter ratio is about 2.4. Also, as the length-diameter ratio increases further above 2.4, the drag increases at a slower rate. The pressure drag is almost constant when the length-diameter ratio is greater than 8, but the increase of friction drag component is the reason for the increase of the drag. When flow separation is removed completely at the front edge of the axial cylinder, the pressure drag component is reduced to 12~17%, but the total drag is reduced to only 17%~32% due to the friction drag component that increases linearly proportional to the length-diameter ratio.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 1998

During an earthquake, there are three main components of excitation : horizontal excitation of the ground, vertical excitation of the pile due to superstructure feedback produced by vertical excitation of the ground, and the seawater excitation induced by the vertical ground shaking, that is, "the seaquake." These excitations could have effects on the soil plugs in open-ended pie piles installed at offshore sites. In this study, seaquake excitation induced by the vertical ground shaking was simulated by pulsing the water pressure at the seabed. During a seaquake, due to the induced excess porewater pressure and pressure gradients in the soil, the capacity of open-ended pipe piles installed in a simulated sea depth of greate than 220 m was reduced serevely and the soil plugging resistance was degraded by more than 80% The soil plug was failed because of eh upward seepage forces that developed in the soil plug due to excess pore water pressure produced in the bottom of the soil plug during the seaquake, The compressive capacity of ar open-ended pile in a simulated sea depth of less than 220 m was reduced only by about 10% and the soil plug resistance was degraded by less than 5%.s than 5%.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.204-210
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.47-56
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• 2005

In GPS/INS/barometer navigation system for UAV, vertical channel damping loop was introduced to suppress divergence of the vertical axis error of INS, which could be reduced to the level of accuracy of pressure altitude measured by a pitot-static tube. Because static pressure measured by the pitot-static tube depends on the speed and attitude of the vehicle, static pressure error models, based on aerodynamic data from wind tunnel test, CFD analysis, and flight test, were applied to reduce the error of pressure altitude. Through flight tests and sensitivity analyses, the error model using the ratio of differential pressure and static pressure turned out to be superior to the model using only differential pressure, especially in case of high altitude flight. Both models were proposed to compensate the effect of vehicle speed change and used differential and static pressure which could be obtained directly from the output of pressure transducer.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2020

When extracting semi-volatile components of herbal medicines using hot water vapor, some substances may react with water vapor or oxygen, and some volatile substances may be lost, when using an organic solvent extraction method has the disadvantage that it may contain a non-volatile material and residual organic solvent. In addition, it is inefficient to separate semi-volatile substances from herbal medicines into each single component and conduct biological activity research for each component to determine the effective ingredient, and some components may be lost in the separation process. In this study, semi-volatile substances evaporated under two pressure-reduced conditions in Chinese herbal medicines such as Cnidii Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix and Amomum Fructus were separated by cooling with liquid nitrogen. Those were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the components, and this method may be used to study biological activities at the cellular level. The substances separated under reduced pressure, essential oil obtained by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) method and substances by using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) from Cnidii Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix and Amomum Fructus were analyzed by GC-MS. In the case of Cnidii Rhizoma and Aucklandiae Radix, there were some differences among the essential oil components obtained by SDE and those identified by low temperature capture (CT) and SPME method, these were believed to be produced by some volatiles reacting with water or oxygen at the boiling point temperature of water.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.180-185
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study are: 1) to quantify sodium consumption of patients with unstable or uncontrolled hypertension, 2) to investigate if reduced sodium intake can lower BP in these patients, and 3), to assess the acceptability and feasibility of this approach. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study included 25 adults (age: 50+ years) with frequently elevated BP or patients with uncontrolled, uncomplicated hypertension despite drug treatment in a general practice setting. BP and salt intake (24h urinary excretion and food records) were measured at baseline and after a sodium reduced diet. RESULTS: Mean (${\pm}SD$) systolic (SBP) over diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (mmHg) at baseline was $150.7({\pm}9.5)$/$84.149({\pm}5.6)$. Mean urinary sodium excretion was 146 mmol/24h. A reduction of 28 mmol sodium excretion decreased SBP/DBP to $135.5({\pm}13.0)$/$82.5({\pm}12.8)$ (P < 0.001). After one month of no dietary advice, only in 48%, SBP was still ${\leq}140mmHg$. CONCLUSION: Assessment of sodium intake using food records, 24h urine collections and probing questions to identify use of sodium containing supplements or drugs are essential for tailored advice targeted at sodium intake reduction. The results of the present study indicate that reduced sodium intake can lower BP after 4 weeks in unstable or uncontrolled hypertensive patients.