• 제목/요약/키워드: red ginseng saponin

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인삼 총사포닌, 디올계 및 트리올계 사포닌의 효과 1. 흰쥐 혈청 지질 및 당함량에 미치는 영향 (Comparative Studies on the Effects of Total, Protopanaxadiol and Protopanaxatriol saponins of Ginseng 1. Their Effects on Lipid and Glucose Content in Rat Serum)

  • 임창진;박은희;홍순근;이동권
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.41-48
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    • 1981
  • Total saponin, protopanaxadiol-saponin and protopanaxatriol-saponin were isolated and purified from the side roots of red ginseng. After we administered them orally into rats during 5 weeks, we observed their effects on lipid and glucose content in rat serum. The change in body weight of protopanaxatriol- saponin treated group was slightly larger than those of other groups. Total lipid content in total saponin treated group showed an increase of about 20 % over that in control group. However, protopanaxadiol-saponin and protopanaxatriol- saponin treated groups showed no change. While triglyceride content in total saponin treated group decreased 29oyo compared to it s content in control group, its content in protopanaxatriol-saponin treated group increased 45%. Three saponin treated groups showed lower value than control group in total ant free cholesterol levels. While glucose content in total saponin treated group decreased slightly, that in Protopanaxadiol-saponin treated group decreased slightly compared to that in control group. And protopanaxatriol- saponin trented group showed the significant decrease of 25%. From these results, it is supposed that total saponin accelerates the conversion of lipid into glucose and that protopanaxatriol- saponin accelerates the conversion of glucose into lipid.

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Vasorelaxing Mechanism of Crude Saponin of Korea Red Ginseng in the Resistance-sized Mesenteric Artery of Rat

  • Kim, Shin-Hye;Park, Hyung-Seo;Lee, Mee-Young;Oh, Young-Sun;Kim, Se-Hoon
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2002
  • 고려홍삼은 혈압강하효과가 있음이 잘 알려져 있다. 이에 백서장간막이 동맥의 저항혈관에서 고려홍삼 사포닌 성분의 혈관 이완기전을 규명하고자 내경이 150$\mu\textrm{m}$이하의 작은 혈관을 이요하여 여러 실험 조건에서 장력의 변화를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 고려홍삼 사포닌 성분은 농도 의존적으로 (0.01mg/$m\ell$~1mg/$m\ell$) 혈관 평활근을 이완시켰으며 내피세포를 제거한 상태에서도 혈관의 이완효과는 지속되었다. A23187 이나 phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate 에 의한 수축에서는 고려홍삼 사포닌에 의한 혈관의 이완효과가 나타나지 않았다. 고려홍삼 사포닌에 의한 혈관이완효과는 실험용액의 $K^{+}$ 농도를 증가시키면 감소되었으며 각종 $K^{+}$이 온통로 억제제인 tetaethylammonium, glybenclamide, 4-aminopyridine 및 BaCl$_2$를 전처치한 결과 BaCl$_2$에 의해서만 농도에 의존적으로 고려홍삼 사포닌에 의한 혈관이완작용이 억제되었다. 이상의 실험결과로부터 고려홍삼 사포닌은 장간막 동맥의 저항혈관에서 $K^{+}$의 유출을 증가시켜 혈관평활근을 이완시키며 $Ba^{2+}$에 의하여 차단되는 $K^{+}$ 이온통로가 고려홍삼 사포닌에 의한 혈관이완작용에 관여함을 알 수 있었다.

홍삼첨가 방법에 따른 홍삼청국장의 품질특성 (Quality Characteristics of Red Ginseng Cheonggukjang According to Addition Methods of Red Ginseng)

  • 정용진;우승미;권중호;최명숙;성종환;이종원
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제36권7호
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    • pp.889-895
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구에서는 홍삼과 청국장을 융합하여 기호도 및 기능적 특성이 강화된 홍삼청국장 개발을 위하여 홍삼엑기스와 홍삼분말 첨가량 및 첨가 방법에 따른 품질특성을 조사하였다. 홍삼엑기스를 첨가하여 청국장을 제조한 결과, 설정된 조건에서는 엑기스의 첨가량이 많을수록 점질물을 생성이 많아지고 환원당 함량과 혈전용해능도 높게 나타났다. 홍삼 제품 규격 사포닌 함량은 홍삼엑기스 4%에서 적합하게 나타났다. 또한 홍삼분말 첨가 청국장은 점질물 생성, 환원당 함량 및 혈전용해능이 엑기스 첨가 청국장과 비슷한 경향으로 나타났고 아미노태질소와 암모니아태질소 함량은 분말 첨가량이 높을수록 점점 감소하는 경향으로 나타났으며 조사포닌 함량은 분말 14% 첨가구가 홍삼성분함유 제품 제조 기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 홍삼첨가 시기를 달리하여 청국장을 제조한 결과, 점질물, 아미노태질소, 암모니아태질소, 환원당 함량 및 혈전용해능은 첨가시기에 따른 차이가 크지 않았으며, 조사포닌 함량은 발효전에 첨가한 구간이 발효후에 첨가한 것보다 더 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 진세노사이드 함량은 첨가시기에 따른 차이는 크지 않았으며 $Rg_{1}$, Re, Rf, $Rh_{1}$, $Rg_{2}$, $Rb_{1}$, Rc, $Rb_{2}$, Rd 및 $Rg_{3}$가 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로 홍삼엑기스 4%를 발효전에 첨가하는 방법이 홍삼융합청국장의 품질특성이 우수하여 최적 조건으로 설정할 수 있었다.

Biological Activities of Non-saponin Compounds Isolated from Korean Red Ginseng

  • Okuda, Hiromichi;Lee, Sung-Dong;Matsuura, Yukinaga;Zheng, Yinan;Sekiya, Keizo;Takeshi, Takaku;Kameda, Kenji;Hirose, Kumi;Ohtani, Kazuhiro;Tanaka, Osamu;Sakata, Toshiie
    • 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 고려인삼학회 1990년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Korean Ginseng, 1990, Seoul, Korea
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    • pp.15-19
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    • 1990
  • We have been isolating various physiologically active substances from non-saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng These are adenosine, gyro-glutamic acid, dencichine and acidic polysaccharide. Adenosine and gyro-glutamic acid are loom to inhibit epinephrine-induced lipolysis in fat cells and stimulate the insulin-mediated lipogenesis. In addition to these actions, adenosine was found to inhibit both norepinephrine- and histamine-induced aorta constriction, and pyre·glutamic acid inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme. Dencichine stimulated histamine-induced aorta constriction. Finally, acidic polysaccharide was found to inhibit both lipolytic and anorexigenic actions of Toxohormone-L. Based on these experimental results, I presented a brief review on these compounds isolated from non- saponin fraction of Korea Red Ginseng. Keywords Panax ginseng, Korean red ginseng, adenosine, pyroglutamic acid, dencichine, acidic polysac- charide, lipolysis, lipogenesis, angiotensin-converting enzyme, toxohormone-L.

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백서 태자 두개관세포에서 인삼 사포닌에 의한 MMP-13 mRNA 발현 억제 (Inhibition of MMP-13 mRNA expression by ginseng saponin in fetal rat calvarial cells)

  • 김양이;최득철;김영준
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.277-288
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    • 2005
  • There is a potential role of collagenase-3 in alveolar bone loss and periodontal disease progression, we need to develope or find chemotherapeutic drugs or herbal agents which may regulate the expression of MMP-13. Ginseng saponin, one of the major components of Korea ginseng(panax ginseng) root, has many various biologic effects, such as cytotoxic effect, tumoricidal effects, cytokine regulations, and protein biosynthesis effect. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Korea red ginseng saponin on MMP-13 gene expression in osteoblasts. The experimental groups were cultured with ginseng saponin in concentration of 1.0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250 and $500{\mu}g/ml$ for MTT assay. Primary rat calvarial cells were pre-treated for 1 hour with ginseng saponin(100 ${\mu}g/ml$) and then stimulated with $IL-1{\beta}(1.0ng/ml)$ and PTH(10 nM). MMP-13 gene expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. The results were as follows: Ginseng saponin was cytotoxic to osteoblast at concentration exceeding $250{\mu}g/ml$ for longer than 24 hours in tissue culture(p<0.01). In RT-PCR analysis, steady state MMP-13 mRNA levels were increased approximately 350% by $IL-1{\beta}$, and 400% by PTH when normalized to untreated control. $IL-1{\beta}-indued$ MMP-13 mRNA expression was reduced 50% by pretreatment with ginseng saponin. But ginseng saponin didn't inhibit MMP-13 expression from PTH stimulated cells. This results suggest that ginseng saponin Inhibit $IL-1{\beta}-indued$ MMP-13 mRNA expression.

Effect of Growth Conditions on Saponin Content and Ginsenoside Pattern of Panax ginseng

  • Lee, Mee-Hyoung;Park, Hoon;Lee, Chong-Hwa
    • 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 고려인삼학회 1987년도 Proceedings of Korea-Japan Panax Ginseng Symposium 1987 Seoul Korea
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    • pp.89-107
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    • 1987
  • For the elucidation of significance of saponin as quality criterion of ginseng ginsenoside content(GC) and ginsenoside pattern similarity(GPS) by simple correlation were investigated in relation to red ginseng quality factors, age, plant part, harvest season, mineral nutrition, soil physical characteristics, growth light and temperature, shading material, growth location, physiological disease and crop stand through survey of ginseng plantstions, field experiments, water culture and phytotron experiments. Effect of tissue culture was also reviewed. GC was negatively correlated with good quality of red ·ginseng and positively with bad quality. Age did not show any consistency with GC but GPS was less with the increase of age difference. GPS was less or not significant between taproot that is lowest in GC and epidermis highest, and significant between leaf and taproot. Harvest season marked with the lowest GC and Pattern was also different. Nutrient imbalance, the increase of hazardous soil nutrient and physical condition to growth increased GC, but GPS was little different. The higher the growth lights intensity and temperature the higher the GC but GPS was little changed. Root rust increased GC, but root scab decreased it. Sponge-like and inside cavity phenomena increased GC. Ginsenoside pattern of cultured tissues and rootlet showed great variation. These results strongly indicate that there are optimum saponin content and ginsenoside pattern and that these are accomplished under the optimum growth condition.

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생육시기별 광량조절이 인삼의 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Light Transmittance Control on the Root Yield and Quality during the Growing Season of Panax ginseng)

  • 천성기;이태수;윤종혁;이성식;목성균
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.196-200
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    • 2004
  • 전 생육기간동안 해가림내의 투광율을 약$8{\%}$로 고정한 대조구와, 생육시기별로 투광율을 $6{\%}$$18{\%}$로 조절한 투광량 조절구의 생육시기별 근 개체중 변화, 근 수량, 수삼 및 홍삼품질, 조 saponin 함량 차이를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 6년근시 생육시기별 근 개체중 변화를 조사한 결과 생육시기에 따른 광량조절구가 대조구에 비해 생육후기에 $26{\%}$정도 증가되는 효과를 나타내었다. 그리고 10a당 근 수량은 광량조절구가 대조구에 비해 $40{\%}$정도 증수되었고, 수삼품질은 광량조절구가 1,2등급 비율이 $50.3{\%}$로 대조구의 $12.9{\%}$에 비해 현저히 증가되는 효과를 얻었다. 또한 생육시기별 근 비중을 조사한 결과 광량조절구가 대조구에 비해 4,6년근시 모두 전엽기, 생육중기 및 후기의 근 동체 비중이 유의성 있게 증가되었다. 홍삼품질에 있어서 고급홍삼인 천지삼 생출율은 광량조절구가 $46.4{\%}$로 대조구의 $8.0{\%}$에비해 5배 이상 증가되는 것으로 나타났고, 조 saponin함량에 있어서도 광량조절구가 대조구에 비해 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 고품질 안전 다수확 재배를 위해서는 저온기(생육초기 및 후기)에 투광율을 증가시키고, 고온기(생육중기)에 투광율을 감소하여 근 비대 및 수삼품질을 향상시키기 위해서 인삼 생육시기별로 투광량을 조절하는 것이 필요하다.

인삼의 구증구포에 의한 Ginsenoside의 성분변화 및 BACE-1 억제효과 (Conversion of Ginsenosides by 9 Repetitive Steamings and Dryings Process of Korean Ginseng Root and Its Inhibition of BACE-1 Activity)

  • 김도완;김유진;이연진;민진우;김세영;양덕춘
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.1557-1561
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    • 2008
  • Red ginseng possibly has new ingredients converted during steaming and dry process from fresh ginseng. Kujeungkupo method which means 9 repetitive steamings and dryings process was used for the production of red ginseng from 6-year old ginseng roots. Saponin was extracted from each red ginseng produced at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th during the steaming and drying treatment, and we analyzed saponin content with TLC. Minor saponins, such as ginsenoside-Rg3, -Rh2, compound K, and F2, increased as the process time of steaming and drying, but major saponins (ginsenoside-Rb1, -Rb2, -Rc, -Rd, -Re, -Rf, -Rg1) were decreased. Major saponins were yet observed almost at the 1st process, then degraded as the increasing time of steaming and drying process. Especially, ginsenoside-Re and -Rg were observed as considerable amount after the 1st treatment, but there were no trace of them after the 9th treatment. Ginsenoside-Rg1, -Rb2, and -Rb1 were also reduced remarkedly by 96.6%, 96%, and 92.3%, respectively. Minor saponins were increased significantly, especially for ginsenoside-Rg3 and ginsenoside-F2. These results suggest that Kujeungkupo method is the very useful method for the production of minor ginsenoside-Rg3 and -Rh2.

한국인삼(韓國人蔘)의 Saponin에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)제3보(第三報) -산지별(産地別), 부위별(部位別), 재배기간별(栽培期間別) 인삼(人蔘) 및 가공중(加工中) Saponin함량(含量)에 관(關)하여- (Saponins of Korean Ginseng Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Part III) -Saponins of ginseng by the cultivating locations, sampling seasons, plant parts, growing stages and the processings-)

  • 조성환
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.188-204
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    • 1977
  • 인삼(人蔘)의 유효성분(有效成分)으로 알려진 saponin을 Thin layer chromatography로 전개(展開)하여 Digital Densitometer를 사용(使用)하여 한국인삼(韓國人蔘)의 산지별(産地別), 부위별(部位別), 재배연도별(栽培年度別) saponin함량(含量) 및 그 saponin fraction의 조성비(組成比)를 정량(定量)하고, 홍삼(紅蔘) 및 인삼(人蔘)엑기스 제조중(製造中) 일어나는 saponin함량(含量)의 변화(變化)를 연구(硏究)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 산지별(産地別) saponin 함량(含量)에는 별로 차이(差異)가 없었으며, panaxadiol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin군(群)과 panaxatriol을 aglycone으로 하는 sapon군(群)의 조성비(組成比)는 ($1.7{\sim}2.6$) : 1정도였다. 2. 부위별(部位別)로 볼 때, saponin함량(含量)은 미삼(尾蔘)이 12.7%로서 3.3%인 백삼(白蔘)의 4배에 가까운 높은 값을보였다. 그리고 saponin fraction별(別)로 볼 때, panaxadiol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction도 미삼(尾蔘)이 백삼(白蔘)보다 많으나, panaxatriol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction은 반대(反對)로 미삼(尾蓼)이 백삼(白蔘)보다 적었다. TLC의 2차원전개결과(次元展開結果), ginsenoside-Rd는 백삼(白蔘)에만 나타나고, 미삼(尾蔘)에서는 나타나지 않는 반면(反面), Rf와 $Rg_1$은 미삼(尾蔘)에서는 분리(分離)되었으나, 백삼(白蔘)에서는 $Rg_1$만이 존재하고, Rf는 분리(分離)되지 않았다 3. 재배연도별(栽培年度別) 근부(根部)의 saponin함량(含量)은 재배기간(栽培其間)에 따라 일정(一定)한 경향(傾向)을 찾아볼 수 없으나, 인삼근당평균(人蔘根當平均) saponin함량(含量)은 2년근(年根)이 90.3mg, 3년근(年根)이 254.2mg. 4년근(年根)이 404.2mg, 5년근(年根)이 996.9mg, 6년근(年根)이 1377.1mg으로 재배기간(栽培其間)이 길어질수록 현저(顯著)하게 높았다. 그리고 인삼지상부(人蔘地上部)의 saponin함량(含量)도 재배기간(栽培其間)에 길어질수록 높아지는 경향(傾向)을 볼 수 있었다. 그러나, saponin fraction별(別)볼 때는 $5{\sim}6$년(年)의 수확기(收穫期)에 가까워질수록 panaxatriol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction의 함량(含量)이 높았다. 4. 홍삼제조중(紅蔘製造中)의 saponin fraction별(別) panaxadiol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction의 조성비(組成比)도 건삼(乾蔘)에 비(比)하여 홍삼(紅蔘)이 낮아졌으나, panaxatriol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction의 조성비(組成比)는 건삼(乾蔘)에 비(比)하여 홍삼(紅蔘)이 오히려 높았다. 홍삼(紅蔘)의 Thin layer chromatogram에는 건삼(乾蔘)의 그것에 나타나지 않았던 수개(數個)의 미확인(未確認) spot를 더 볼 수 있었다. 5. Ethanol과 물로 미삼(尾蔘)을 추출(抽出)하여, 29.9%의 인삼(人蔘)엑기스를 얻었는데, 이 엑기스에는 미삼(尾蔘)으로부터 추출수율(抽出收率)이 94.2%에 상당(相當)하는 saponin이 이행(移行) 함유(含有)되어 있었다.

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Long-term administration of red ginseng non-saponin fraction rescues the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with aging in mice

  • Cho, Da-Eun;Choi, Gwang-Muk;Lee, Yong-Seok;Hong, Joon-Pyo;Yeom, Mijung;Lee, Bombi;Hahm, Dae-Hyun
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제46권5호
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    • pp.657-665
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    • 2022
  • Background: Sarcopenia is a new and emerging risk factor aggravating the quality of life of elderly population. Because Korean Red Ginseng (RG) is known to have a great effect on relieving fatigue and enhancing physical performance, it is invaluable to examine its potential as an anti-sarcopenic drug. Methods: Anti-sarcopenic effect of non-saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng (RGNS) was evaluated in C2C12 myoblasts treated with C2-ceramide to induce senescence phenotypes, and 22-month-old mice fed with chow diet containing 2% RGNS (w/w) for 4 further months. Results: The RGNS treatment significantly alleviated cellular senescence indicated by intracellular lipid accumulation, increased amount of lysosomal β-galactosidase, and reduced proliferative capacity in C2C12 myoblasts. This effect was not observed with saponin fraction. In an aged mouse, the 4-month-RGNS diet significantly improved aging-associated loss of muscle mass and strength, assessed by the weights of hindlimb skeletal muscles such as tibialis anterior (TA), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), gastrocnemius (GN) and soleus (SOL), and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of SOL muscle, and the behaviors in grip strength and hanging wire tests, respectively. During the same period, an aging-associated shift of fast-to slow-twitch muscle in SOL muscle was also retarded by the RGNS treatment. Conclusions: These findings suggested that the long-term diet of RGNS significantly prevented aging-associated muscle atrophy and reduced physical performance, and thus RGNS has a strong potential to be developed as a drug that prevents or improves sarcopenia.