• Clean Technology
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.87-98
• /
• 2007

As the interest in environmental problems increased, the guideline of effluent qualities becomes strict and the amount of sludge produced from the wastewater treatment facilities steeply increased. The revised Korean acts prohibit the direct reclamation of the sludge exhausted in sewage treatment works from 2003, and the ocean dump of sludge will be also prohibited from 2012. Therefore, the sludge must be recycled, incinerated or composted. To properly perform the utilization and disposal operations, the establishment of well-defined procedures for the characterization of sludge by physical, chemical and biological method and setting up of guidelines for different treatment and disposal routes has become necessary. However, there have not been such standardized methods for sludge characterization in Korea. This review analyzes the present status of establishment and problems of sludge characterization method of Korea. Finally, it was proposed total 15 items of standardized characterization methods suitable to our country for proper sludge recycling and disposal, which was based on the more systematic standard methods of Germany (DIN 38414) and those of advanced nations.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.229-235
• /
• 2021

To dispose of waste, there are methods such as landfill, incineration, recycling, and sea discharge. Since the landfill wastes accumulate, there is a limit to the landfill site to accommodate them. In this paper, a time series analysis and current status of landfill allowance was analyzed over 20 years of landfills distributed throughout the country using GIS to understand the status of waste reclamation. As a result, the emissions of waste were gradually increasing, and as the emissions increased, the amount of landfill increased. The landfills in the Seoul metropolitan area have been saturated and need to be resolved as soon as possible.

• New & Renewable Energy
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2008

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the most promising method of treating and recycling of different organic wastes, such as OFMSW, household wastes, animal manure, agro-industrial wastes, industrial organic wastes and sewage sludge. During AD, i.e. degradation in the absence of oxygen, organic material is decomposed by anaerobes forming degestates such as an excellent fertilizer and biogas, a mixture of carbon dioxide and methane. AD has been one of the leading technologies that can make a large contribution to producing renewable energy and to reducing $CO_2$ and other GHG emission, it is becoming a key method for both waste treatment and recovery of a renewable fuel and other valuable co-products. A classification of the basic AD technologies for the production of biogas can be made according to the dry matter of biowaste and digestion temperature, which divide the AD process in wet and dry, mesophilic and thermophilic. The biogas produced from AD plant can be utilized as an alternative energy source, for lighting and cooking in case of small-scale, for CHP and vehicle fuel or fuel in industrials in case of large-scale. This paper provides an overview of the status of biogas production and utilization technologies.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.27 no.10
• /
• pp.907-923
• /
• 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate stockpiling methods for revegetation by comparing the germination status of seed banks before and after preservation for 2 years. Soil temperature in stockpiled topsoil was higher in open treatment and at 1.5 m, whereas soil water content was maintained at lower levels (14.06-19.08%), than those in the control group. The seed banks in stockpiled topsoil had 48 species and 1,559 individuals, among which perennials showed the highest number in terms of life forms, whereas Compositae and Gramineae were dominant in terms of families. Based on seed bank type, persistent seed banks had the highest number of species, while transient seed banks had the highest number of individuals. By stockpiling period, the number of species in the seed bank started to increase after 24 months, while the number of individuals began increasing after 12 months and exceeded that of the control group after 24 months. Regarding the treatment of stockpiling methods, the number of species and individuals in open treatment were closer to those of the control group. When analyzed by height, the number of species and individuals were higher at 0 m, but still lower than those of the control group. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA ) showed that the optimal combination was obtained in open treatment and the number of individuals increased with the lengthening of the stockpiling period.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.202-205
• /
• 2008

Anaerobic digestion(AD) is the most promising method of treating and recycling of different organic wastes, such as OFMSW, household wastes, animal manure, agro-industrial wastes, industrial organic wastes and sewage sludge. During AD, i.e. degradation in the absence of oxygen, organic material is decomposed by anaerobes forming degestates such as an excellent fertilizer and biogas, a mixture of carbon dioxide and methane. AD has been one of the leading technologies that can make a large contribution to producing renewable energy and to reducing $CO_2$ and other GHG emission, it is becoming a key method for both waste treatment and recovery of a renewable fuel and other valuable co-products. A classification of the basic AD technologies for the production of biogas can be made according to the dry matter of biowaste and digestion temperature, which divide the AD process in wet and dry, mesophilic and thermophilic. The biogas produced from AD plant can be utilized as an alternative energy source, for lighting and cooking in case of small-scale, for CHP and vehicle fuel or fuel in industrials in case of large-scale. This paper provides an overview of the status of biogas production and utilization technologies.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.49-58
• /
• 2016

Corrugated board provides packaging for most diverse industries with a share of over 50%, due to the numerous advantages they offer a good protection of the products. In other hand corrugated board fails in environmental conditions, indicating that relative humidity or temperature is higher. These effects directly damage the product packaged. To overcome on this problem recently corrugated boards produced with functional material, "functional corrugated boards," have become more available in the current market. A number of commercialized forms of functional material are coated or composited products with inorganic materials, for example "Nano clay" as representative. However, although the use of functional materials is increasing in corrugated boards, the several concerns such as over cost, environmental friendly materials, recycling, and toxicity affect consumer perceptions and acceptance. In the past, number of researcher focused on process of box compression and the utility of box compression testing etc., best of our knowledge there is no review paper which focus on the functional corrugated boards used in food packaging applications. This paper aims to review the availability of functional corrugated boards in the current market, past research studies on functional material and present the current status of functional corrugated boards in leading countries.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.06a
• /
• pp.763-766
• /
• 2007

국내에서 발생되는 고형폐기물 중 자원으로 재활용 가능한 유기성폐기물은 하수슬러지, 음식물류폐기물, 축산분뇨 등을 대표 할 수 있다. 이들 유기성폐기물은 환경적인 측면에서 볼 때 다른 유기성 폐수 및 폐기물에 비하여 오염부하량이 상대적으로 높지만, 이를 생물자원 (Biomass)으로 인식하고 이용 할 경우 지구온난화와 같은 환경문제 뿐만아니라 향후 자원고갈문제를 동시에 해결할 수 있는 대체에너지 자원이다. 유기성폐기물을 대체에너지 자원으로 효율적으로 이용하기 위해서는 우선적으로 국제적 환경규제와 에너지 정책에 능동적으로 대응할 수 있는 자원순환형 폐기물관리 시스템 구축이 필요하며, 이를 위한 체계적인 정책적 지원책과 기술 개발이 뒷받침 되어야 할 것이다. 자원 재활용과 에너지회수 기술에 있어 혐기성소화(anaerobic digestion)는 유기성폐기물의 효과적인 감량화, 재이용화, 안정화를 만족시키는 동시에 유용 에너지원인 메탄가스를 회수할 수 있는 바이오가스 전환기술로 최근에 주목을 받는 biotechnology 중의 하나로 자리매김 하고 있다. 특히, 소비자원의 대부분이 해외에 의존하는 국내현실과 최근 고유가에 따른 국가 에너지 정책을 제고해야하는 현 시점에서 유기성폐기물을 이용한 바이오가스화 기술을 널리 보급하기 위해서는 요소기술 개발과 정부의 적극적인 정책적 지원 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.131-144
• /
• 2010

The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has been developing pyroprocessing technology for recycling useful resources from spent fuel since 1997. The process includes pretreatment, electroreduction, electrorefining, electrowinning, and a waste salt treatment system. This paper briefly addresses unit processes and related innovative technologies. As for the electroreduction step, a stainless steel mesh basket was applied for adaption of granules of uranium oxide. This basket was designed for ready handling and transfer of feed material. A graphite cathode was used for the continuous collection of uranium dendrite in the electrorefining system. This enhances the throughput of the electrorefiner. A particular mesh type stirrer was designed to inhibit uranium spill-over at the liquid Cd crucible. A residual actinide recovery system was also tested to recover TRU tracer. In order to reduce the waste volume, a crystallization method is employed for Cs and Sr removal. Experiments on the unit processes were tested successfully, and based on the results, engineering-scale equipment has been designed for the PRIDE (PyRoprocess Integrated inactive DEmonstration facility).

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.305-320
• /
• 2016

The metal waste generated during nuclear power plant decommissioning constitutes a large proportion of the total radioactive waste. This study investigates the current status of domestic and international regulatory requirements for clearance and the clearance experience of domestic institutions. The RESRAD-RECYCLE code was used for analyzing the clearance of the metal wastes generated during actual nuclear power plant decommissioning, and assessment of the exposure dose of twenty-six scenarios was carried out. The evaluation results will be useful in preliminary analysis of clearance and recycling during nuclear power plant decommissioning. As a next step, the effects of reducing disposal costs by clearance can be studied.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.181-191
• /
• 2020

The fashion industry has faced environmental, social, and ethical issues due to increased interest in ethical consumption. Numerous ethical studies have been conducted in the fashion industry. This study looked at the current state of research by year, academic journal, and detail in major related papers published in Scopus, KCI and KCI between 2009 and 2019. Ethical fashion studies began to appear in 2009 and were concentrated in certain academic journals and focused on fashion marketing and fashion design. Topics in ethical fashion were terms such as sustainable, eco-friendly, up-cycling, recycling, eco, zero-waist, and organic. In ethical fashion studies, environmental studies were conducted most often; in addition, the terms used along with ethical fashion tend to be frequently used for each particular major. Looking at key words used in research by period, the study showed that research was most diverse between 2016 and 2019. In particular, environmental and social issues of ethical fashion and convergence with animal protection, new distribution, science and technology sectors were newly added between 2016 and 2019. This study used text mining and network analysis to understand the overall trends of ethical fashion studies in Korea. In conclusion it is important to realize the relationship between the main words along with the current status analysis.