• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.8-11
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• 1997

The odor theory (기미론) has been defined as the Nature (기) and the Taste(미) of traditional herbal medicine to find the logic in treatment of various diseases by them. There is a strong possibility these Na1ures of the drug can be categorized according to yin (음) and yang (음). There is a neutral Nature which does not fit into one of these four categories. To understand the Natures of traditional herbal drugs in modern scientific approaches, changes in rectal temperature of rats have been measured at 0,30, 60, 90 min after a 10 g/Kg oral administration each of 34 different drugs. Following the classification of the four Natures of drugs, only the temperatures of warm group at 30, 60, and 90 min were elevated significantly from the control and the rest groups. Following a modified classification of 3 groups such as cold and cool, warm and hot, and neutral Nature, changes in temperatures after administration of Hot and Warm drugs were also increased significantly from the control (P<0.01). Thus, the measurement of rectal temperature can be a tool to define the Nature (기) of traditional herbal drugs, but the modified classification is another way to do.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

We aimed to identify predictive markers of peri- and postpartum disorders in dairy cows. Data regarding peri- and postpartum disorders, serum metabolites, body condition score (BCS), and rectal temperature, were collected from 227 dairy cows, which were allocated to healthy (n = 57) and diseased (n = 170) groups. Serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration was higher in diseased than healthy cows 4 weeks before (p < 0.01) and immediately after (p = 0.05) calving. Serum alanine aminotransferase (AST) activity was higher (p < 0.05) in diseased than healthy cows 1 and 2 weeks after calving, whereas total cholesterol (TCH) concentration was lower (p < 0.05-0.0001) in diseased cows 4 weeks before, and after calving. BCS was higher (p < 0.05) in diseased than healthy cows 4 weeks before calving, but lower (p < 0.01) in diseased cows 8 weeks after calving. Rectal temperature was higher (p < 0.05-0.01) in diseased than healthy cows between 2 and 14 days postpartum. In conclusion, high serum NEFA and AST concentrations and lower TCH concentration during the peripartum period, and high prepartum BCS and postpartum rectal temperature, could be used as biomarkers to predict the subsequent development of peri- and postpartum disorders.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.419-431
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• 1995

The common KIMI-Theory of Oriental medicine has evaluated clinical effects of herbal-drug based on KI, nature of berbs, and tastes. The KI in the theory consists of hotness, warm, cool and coldnes and also the Mi does five tastes such as sour, bitterness, sweet, spicy hotness and saltiness. However the KI does not mean thermal effect only. Thus we tried to determine skin and rectal temperatures at the same time for evaluating the relationship between KI and berbs. Male, adult Sprage-Dawly rat was chosen and berbal extract, 10g/Kg, was given orally once at 9:00 A.M. changes in rectal and skin temperatures were measured at 10, 30, 60, and 90 mins after the drug administratin. The changes in body temperatures are in greate deal of agreement of KI written in Herbology literatures.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.830-836
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• 2010

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of skin pressure by wearing all-in-one on the rhythm of body temperature such as skin and rectal temperature which play a crucial role in the nocturnal rhythm. Five healthy female were participated in the study as subjects. The experimental clothing was an all-in-one, one of the foundation, which is worn for shaping the body. The total experimental periods were 5 days. On the 1st day, subjects did not wear the all-in-one (None), and they wore it for about 12 hours per day from 2nd to 5th day (Wearing1~4). Skin and rectal temperature were measured during the entire experimental days to figure out the rhythm of body temperature during sleep. When subjects wore the all-in-one, the gradients of the forearm and calf skin temperature at the sleep onset were significantly smaller than "None". It indicated that the rise of extremities' skin temperature was low on the "Wearing1~4". The decline of rectal temperature in "Wearing 1~4" was smaller than "None". Therefore, the skin pressure by all-in-one may cause the temperature of extremities' skin and rectum to change, resulting the fluctuation of the circadian rhythm, finally it could have effects on the rhythm of sleep.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2006

Objectives : We investigated the effects of Coptidis Rhizoma and Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix on the LPS(Lipopolysaccharide) ICV(intracerebroventricular) injection. Methods : We measured plasma corticosterone level and rectal temperature in mice induced by I.C.V. injection of LPS (100ng/mouse). Results : The results were as follows.. 1. The plasma corticosterone levels in CR-1(0.5g/kg), CR-2(1.0g/kg), CR-3(3.0g/kg) were not decreased significant comparing with the control group.(P<0.05) 2. The plasma corticosterone level in AR-1(0.5g/kg) was decreased significant comparing with the control group.(P<0.05), but AR-2(1.0g/Kg) and AR-3(3.0g/kg) were not decreased significant comparing with the control group.(P<0.05). 3. The rectal temperature in CR-1(0.5g/kg), CR-2(1.0g/kg), CR-3(3.0g/kg) was decreased significant comparing with the control group.(P<0.05) 4. The rectal temperature in AR-1(0.5g/kg), AR-2(1.0g/kg), AR-3(3.0g/kg) was not decreased significant comparing with the control group.(P<0.05) Conclusion : These data revealed that Rhizoma Coptidis might have no significant effect on inflammation stress and Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix(0.5g/kg/mouse) might have significant effect on inflammation stress.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.202-209
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• 2018

This study examined thermo-physiological responses according to the design change of construction site working clothes (control (C) working clothes; prototype (P) working clothes). We measured rectal temperature, skin temperature, micro-climate within the clothes and sweat rate. In the evaluation of physiological functionality, based on pattern improvement in working clothes, P working clothes showed significantly lower rectal temperatures, trunk and thigh skin temperatures than C working clothes. It is preferable that rectal temperature should be kept low during work that is not favorable to an increase in body temperature. P working clothes were more physiologically functional than C working clothes. In addition, P working clothes showed significantly lower temperatures in the trunk and thigh parts in a micro climate temperature. We could explain that the side seam zipper on the pants and the gusset on armpit parts create an air permeability effect of lowering the temperature of micro-climate. Aggressive ventilation through the slit of the garment is an important factor for the restoration of the physiological function of the worker at rest between work. Sweat rate showed a higher level in C working clothes than P working clothes. When working in a hot environment, workwear needs to be designed so that the worker is not exposed to thermal stress. Therefore, it was evaluated that the P work clothes used in this study alleviated the physiological burdens of heat.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2009

Six healthy female volunteers twice undertook an experiment with different types of clothing leaving the arms and legs covered or uncovered at $24{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and $50{\pm}5%$ RH to study how different thermal stimulation to the distal extremities during the afternoon could modulate circadian parameters of body temperature rhythm. One type of clothing consisted of long-sleeved shirts and full-length trousers (Type I, 989 g, 0.991 clo); the other type consisted of half-sleeved shirts and knee-length trousers (Type II, 750 g, 0.747 clo). Subjects wore Type I or Type II clothing during the afternoon (14:00 h - 19:00 h), and Type I clothing during the evening (19:00 h - 22:30 h) and the night sleep (22:30 h - 06:00 h). Rectal temperature and skin temperatures at the arm and leg were measured continuously. Results were as follows: 1) The circadian amplitude of rectal temperature tended to be greater, and the acrophase was significantly earlier when wearing Type II rather than Type I clothing. 2) The circadian nadirs of skin temperatures of the arm and leg were significantly lower and the amplitudes were significantly greater with Type II clothing. In addition, the acrophase and bathyphase of the circadian rhythm of arm skin temperature were significantly earlier with Type II than Type I clothing. 3) The amplitude of rectal temperature was related closely with that of arm and leg skin temperature. These results suggest that a slightly cool thermal stress during the afternoon to the arms and legs exerted by wearing half-sleeved shirts and knee-length trousers induces a greater amplitude and a phase advance of the overt circadian rhythm of body temperature.

• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 1996

This study was performed to define the effects of Far Infrared Ray Radiation Fabrics as summer garments during outdoor work by human trial. One healthy male subject was volunteered for this study. Experimental garments consisted of three kinds of trousers (Cotton, Cotton/linen blended, Far Infrared Ray Radiation Fabric/wool blended) and basic garments (panty, socks, shirts, and dress shirts). The measurements were rectal temp., skin temp., microclimate inside clothing, heart rate, subjective sensation etc. The results were as follows : 1. Rectal temperature showed the lowest in Far Infrared Ray Radiation Fabrics among 3 garments. 2. Skin temperature (forehead, chest abdomen temp.) and mean skin temperature were lower in Far Infrared Ray Radiation Fabrics than in others, especially during early stage of work. 3. Heart rate showed lower value in Far Infrared Ray Radiation Fabrics than in others but there was no significance among the garments. 4. Humidity inside clothing and total weight loss showed the highest value in Far Infrared Ray Radiation Fabrics.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 1998

The aim of this study was to investigate what is the most accurate and quick temperature measurement among rectal, auxiliary and tympanic routes. The body temperatures of 86 preform infants in incubators, a controlled environment, were measured at three different sites. The measurements were taken to examine the accuracy of the temperatures, proper nursing time for measuring the temperatures and the validity of fever detection. The results were as follows : 1. The mean temperature was significantly lower in the auxiliary site($36.71^{\circ}C$) and higher in the tympanic site($37.27^{\circ}C$) than in the rectal site($37.03^{\circ}C$). 2. The mean nursing time for measuring body temperature was significantly longer in the auxiliary site(171.65 seconds) and shorter in the tympanic site(17.70 seconds) than in the rectal site(83.33 seconds). 3. The nursing time for measuring body temperature included the time needed for preparation, measuring, as well as the post-measuring time. It was found that the time required to prepare for measuring the temperature of the rectal site was significantly longer than for other sites. In addition, the time needed to measure the temperature of the auxiliary site was significantly longer than in the other sites. Finally, the nursing time needed for measuring the auxiliary temperature(171.65 seconds) was the longest among the three sites whereas the nursing time for the tympanic site was the shortest(17.70 seconds). 4. Rectal temperature was significantly correlated to the tympanic(r=0.67) and auxiliary temperatures(r=0.69). Tympanic temperature was also significantly correlated to the auxiliary temperature(r=0.74). 5. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of tympanic temperatures for detecting fever were 1.00, 0.80, 0.24, and 1.00, respectively. Those for the auxiliary temperatures were 0.00, 0.99, 0.00, and 0.94, respectively. Thus the level of fever detection was lower in the auxiliary temperatures than in tympanic temperatures. The above findings indicate that the tympanic method of temperature measurement offers a useful alternative to conventional methods.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.681-686
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the thermally different states of human feet on temperature regulation in winter season. Five healthy female students of age 20 volunteered as subjects to participate in the study. Physiological responses such as rectal temperature and skin temperatures as well as subjective responses of thermal comfort and thermal sensation were observed. Preferred clothing and preferred temperature were also evaluated in terms of behavioral temperature regulation. The results obtained through the experiment were statistically analyzed using paired t test. Rectal temperature was decreased greater (p<.01) and mean skin temperature was maintained higher (p<.01) in feet wanning than in feet cooling. Results of preferred clothing were coincident with those of general thermal sensation. There was a higher tendency to prefer temperature in feet wanning than feet cooling in the morning. It was concluded that keeping feet skin temperature lower in the early morning and higher in the late evening would be effective in terms of regulating circadian rhythm of core temperature.