• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2006

The extraction properties of the biological waste originated from the Tobacco industry were evaluated. The biological waste have been recycled and transformed into a valuable material, so called a reconstituted tobacco sheet(Recon) by the papermaking process. In this process, The mechanical extraction process, which divides the mixed raw material slurry into the soluble stock and the insoluble stock, could affect not only the quality of final Recon product but also the productivity of whole Recon making process. This study investigated the effects of the extraction process on the slurry properties in detail. In order to quantify the amounts of the solubles which resided in the insoluble fibers, the washing treatment of the stock before and after squeezing process was applied. The amounts of the residual solubles showed little changes according to each stage of the extraction process. The fractionation of the slurry showed the difference in the amount of soluble in the stock depending on the size of the biological waste. After the extraction process, the bigger size fiber portion contained about 19%(by weight) in soluble after pressing but the smaller size fiber portion 9% in soluble. The fractionation ratio of the stocks also was changed by the screw press process, which could demonstrate the physical effects of the mechanical extraction.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2006

In this study, the effects of the relative humidity and storage time of blended tobaccos at total blending silo on cut tobacco equilibrium moisture contents, leaf moisture contents and migration of casing materials of tobacco types were investigated. To maintain the cutting moisture content(21 $\pm$ 1 %), it is necessary to keep 75 % relative humidity at 28 $^{\circ}C$ at total blending silo. The moisture content of reconstituted tobacco sheet was changed from $13{\sim}14$ % to $19{\sim}21$ % within 2 h after preblending. The contents of glycerin and fructose of tobacco types followed by storage time after preblending were not changed significantly. From these results, it is suggested that 2 h storage time after preblending was sufficient to maintain physical properties of cut tobaccos and tobacco taste and fragrance.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2008

This work evaluated the extractability of tobacco stem biomass for the papermaking type Reconstituted Tobacco Sheet(RTS). The effects of the soaking conditions on the hydration of stem biomass and the effects of the hydrated state on the mechanical extraction were investigated. In order to simulate the mechanical expression process of a papermaking type RTS mill, for example, the screw press process, the novel mechanical pressing analyzer was developed for this study. The hydration of stem biomass by soaking process was greatly affected by the soaking time and the soaking temperature. The longer soaking time and the higher soaking temperature resulted in the higher hydrated stem biomass. Since the higher hydrated stem had more combined water in the inner structure and resulted in the more flexible structure, the higher hydrated stem leaded to the more compressed filter cake and the higher water contents in the filter cake after the mechanical pressing. The pilot pulping experiments showed the difference in hydration and extractability between burley and bright tobacco stem. The bulkier structure of the burley stem resulted in the faster hydration by pilot pulping and leaded to the larger reduction in water soluble components. And the hydration process showed the major influence on the separation efficiency of water soluble components.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.381-393
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• 2017

The inorganic components in tobacco sheet extract have significant influence on the sensory taste of the cigars and the harmful component delivery in cigarette smoke. To identify the contributions of the divalent inorganic components on harmful components delivery in cigarette smoke, a self-made selective electrodialysis was assembled with monovalent ion-selective ion exchange membranes. The influences of current density and extract content on the desalination performance were investigated. Result indicates that the majorities chloride, nitrate, and sulfate ions were removed, comparing with 50-60% of potassium and only less than 10% of magnesium and calcium ions removed in the investigated current density. The permselectivity of the tested cations across the Selemion CSO cation exchange membranes follows the order: $K^+>Ca^{2+}>Mg^{2+}$. A current density of $15mA/cm^2$ is an optional choice by considering both the energy consumption and separation efficiency. When the extract contents are in the range of 7%-20%, the removal ratios the potassium ions are kept around 60%, while the removal ratios of the calcium and magnesium ions fluctuate in the range of 16-27% and 8-14%, respectively. The tobacco smoke experiments indicated that the divalent metal ions have dual roles for the harmful component delivery in cigarette smoke. The divalent potassium and calcium ions were unfavorable for the total particulate matter emission but beneficial to decrease the HCN delivery in the mainstream cigarette smoke. The selective electrodialysis is a robust technology to decrease the harmful component delivery in cigarette smoke.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2006

The grades of burley tobacco stems and scraps were classified followed by the nicotine and nitrate contents by using the cluster analysis. The chemical components of the burley tobacco stems and scraps gathered from 2002 to 2005 were analyzed with auto analyzer. According to the nicotine contents and the nitrate contents, the burley stems and scraps could be classified three groups, respectively. In case of the burley scraps, the AB3T, AB4TR, B1T and B2T grades belonged to the $1^{st}$ a group. The C1W and C2W grades belonged to the $2^{nd}$ group and the CD3W and CD4TR belonged to the $3^{rd}$. In case of the burley stems, the AB3T and AB4TR grades belonged to the $1^{st}$ group. The B1T, B2T, C1W and C2W grades belonged to the $2^{nd}$ group and the CD3W and CD4TR belonged to the $3^{rd}$ group. This classification of raw materials depending on the similarity in the chemical components might be helpful to control the properties of the Reconstituted Tobacco sheet.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.144-153
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• 2003

This study was carried out to determine the relationship between smoke components and sensory evaluation by changes tobacco leaf blending. Seven different cigarettes were made by adding different types of oriental, reconstituted and expanded tobacco leaves. 62 kinds of smoke components which were 6 of general components, 34 of semi-volatile and volatile components, 9 of acid components, and 13 of phenolic components were analyzed. Eight kinds of sensory item were evaluated and also electronic nose system data was collected. All smoke components and sensory characteristics of mainstream smoke were changed by the different blending. To determine the relationship between smoke components and sensory test, the correlation and regression analysis were carried out by using SPSS statistical program. Tar, pH, and CO showed a high correlation with sensory evaluation item. As tar related to hotness, CO have a high correlation with offensive aroma. Semi-volatile and volatile components of smoke related to sensory characteristics such as aroma, taste, irritation, hotness and smoothness. When propylene, l,3-butadiene, butane, isoprene, and 2-methylfuran showed a high correlation with aroma; methyl chloride, methanol, toluene, ethyl benzene showed a high correlation with irritation. Some acidic components and phenolic components of smoke also had a high relation to smoke volume. Especially the acidic components such as 2-furoic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, phenylacetic acid and palmitic acid; the phenolic components such as 4-vinyl phenol, pyrocatechol, 3-methyl catechol, hydroquinone showed a high correlation with smoke volume. As using regression analysis, it was possible to estimate the results of sensory evaluation from the smoke analysis data. From the results of electronic nose system analysis, we can find the different pattern by adding expanded tobacco leaf.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2007

This study compares menthol migration from fillers to filters and mainstream smoke in a type of leaf tobacco and according to the moisture content differences at the range of $11{\sim}15\;%$. The leaf tobacco used in this study consisted of Korea flue cured upper leaves B1O (KFUB1), A40R (KFUA4), lower leaves C1L (KFLC1), CD4L (KFLCD4), burley upper leaves A3T (KBUA3), lower leaves D3W (KBLD3), Orient Basma I/III (OB), Orient Izmir BIG (OI), expanded tobacco (KET), and reconstituted sheet (KRC). Menthol migration to the filter and mainstream was measured under constant conditions for 80 days with intervals of 20 days. In the comparison between flue cured types, there were significant differences in the filter parts, as follows. KFUB1(34.4 %) KFUA4(37.4 %), KFLC1(43 %) and KFLCD4 were 55.7 %. In the comparision between other types of leaf tobaccos, KFUB1 was 34.4 % and KET was 52.6 % at filter parts. In the methol transfer to mainstream smoke was $16.5{\sim}24.2\;%$. The menthol migration to filters was measured based on the moisture content of $11{\sim}15\;%$ for the KFUB1 after storing it for 80 days. The menthol migrations were $36{\sim}40\;%$ at the moisture content of $11{\sim}15\;%$, respectively. The transfers to mainstream smoke were $12.8{\sim}15.8\;%$.

• 한국연초학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연초학회 1997년도 담배과학 국제학술대회
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• pp.91-113
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• 1997

타르함량 1mg 담배는 특히 극동지방을 포함한 세계 여러지역에서 시장이 증가하고 있는 대표적인 상품이다. 초저타르 담배의 설계는 쉽지 않은데, 저타르 담배의 설계에 사용된 기술을 단순히 연장하여 적용하게 되면 대체로 맛이 없는 담배가 된다. 여러나라에서 현재 시판되고 있는 초저타르 담배의 설계를 세밀히 분석한 결과 일반적으로 널리 적용되고 있는 특정한 설계방식은 볼 수 없었다. 엽배합, 엽배합밀도, 필터설계, 필터희석율 등은 상품마다 제각각일 정도로 변이가 크다. 이들 요인들은 담배의 puff수, puff별 타르함량, 그리고 궁극적으로는 담배맛에 영향을 끼칠 것이다. 본 논문에서는 전세계에서 시판되고 있는 17개의 초저타르 담배에 대한 세밀한 분석결과를 제시하고자 한다. 또한 잎담배 화학성분이 초저타르 담배의 설계에 특별이 미치는 영향, 판상엽의 사용, 연소특성과 타르이행량에 영향을 미치는 권련지의 특성과 필터희석율에 관련되는 요인의 선택 등에 관하여 고찰하고자 한다. 이와 같은 고찰을 통해 우리는 초저타르 담배의 상업적 성공이 이들 관련 기술의 절묘한 균형을 맞춤 으로서 - 물론 훌릉한 영업력도 빼놓을 수 없지만 - 가능하였던 것으로 결론 짓고자 한다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 1991

(A series of cigarettes made from) RTL containing different leveles of added sugars (2.0. 5.0 and 8.0%) and acids(0.4, 0.8 and 1.2%) have been examined. Compared to the control cigarette there was reduced in the delivery of tar and nicotine in smoke on 5.0% addition of glucose there was a signification reduced the delivery of nicotine the addition of glucose or fructose decreased the delivery of nicotine tar and co. However, tar in smoke was an increased in the delivery of tar and nicotine was observed, when sucrose and lactose were the added sugars. The smoking taste by the addition of glucose and fructose on R.T.L. was found to be milder than by the others sugars. Tar and nicotine deliveries showed a decreasing trend with the addition of organic acid and tartaric acid among the organic acid described above had greater effect than the others acids 1.2% addition of tartaric acid gave some 11-31% reduction in tar and nicotine delivery and a fall of smoke pH from 4.49 was found. Smoking taste by the addition of lactic acid and tartaric acid had milder than the others and heat treatment for 10 minutes at 13$0^{\circ}C$ gave also better on smoking: taste. The addition of mixture of sugars and organic acid (glucose 5% + lactic acid 0.6% + tartaric acid 0.6%) and then the successive heat treatment for 10 minutes at 13$0^{\circ}C$ improved greatly the Quality of R.T.L. and nicotine were reduced to 11-28% and pH was changed from 5.40 to 3.89.

• 환경생물
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2001

식물의 저항성과 방어관련물질 유도에 관련된 salicylate가 담배 미분화세포로부터 분리된 isoperoxidase $A_3$의 활성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, $Fe^{2+}$ 의 첨가에 의하여 salicylate에 의한 효소활성 억제가 보호되는 양상을 조사하였다. 다양한 농도의 salicylate가 isoperoxidase $A_3$의 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 0.48mM salicylate에 의하여 isoperoxidase $A_3$의 활성이 약 20% 감소되었고, 0.6mM salicylate에 의하여 효소활성이 85% 이상 감소되었다. 이러한 결과는 salicylate에 의하여 isoperoxiase $A_3$가 억제됨을 보여준다. Salicylate에 의한 isoperoxidase $A_3$의 억제반응은 pH 의존적으로 일어났을 뿐만 아니라, noncompetitive inhibition 양상을 나타냈다. 뿐만 아니라 salicylate에 의한 isoperoxidase $A_3$의 활성억제는 $Fe^{2+}$ 첨가에 의하여 거의 완벽하게 보호되었다. Isoeroxidase A3로부터 heme부분을 제거하여 apoperoxidase를 제조한 후 여러가지 금속이온이 apoperoxidase의 활성회복에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 그 결과 hemin과 $Fe^{2+}$ 첨가에 의하여 apoperoxidase의 활성이 80% 이상 회복되었으나 $Cu^{2+},\;Zn^{2+},\;Co^{2+},\;Mn^{2+}$ 등은 apoperoxidase의 활성을 재구성시키지 못하였다.