• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2001년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.59-71
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• 2001

In Korea, It was natural and inevitable to reclaim tidal land for farming due to over-population in small territory. Looking back upon the history of tidal land reclamation in Korea, We can find the first case of it in 13th century KangHwaDo(Island), and also find several records of small scale reclamations of western sea-coast from Korea dynasty to Chosun dynasty. A lot of wide fertile agricultural areas on western sea-coast have been developed through tidal land reclamation for about 1000-year after Korea dynasty. and on these areas, we have produced rice which we live on. An average areas of farming land per capital in korea is only 0.04ha, which is one sixth of global average. For water resources, similarly, capacity of water resources alloted to one person is $11{\%}$ of global average. So, without supplementary water development, we will have suffered from a severe deficiency of water Therefore we must prepare for these predictable short water and food problems. and tidal land reclamation may be suitable alternative to settle these problems. However, tidal land reclamation is a work of closing estuary, intercepting sea water inflow, developing a freshened estuary lake and farming lands etc. therefore it apparently causes a change of ecosystem, water quality and littoral environment. Nowadays, widely recognized the importance of environmental preservation, it is desirable or requested to make phil-environmental and sustainable development minimizing the environmental influence due to tidal land reclamation project. In this paper, the role of tidal land reclamation project in the development process of Korean agriculture was reviewed and the direction of afterwards tidal land reclamation project was suggested.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.141-157
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• 2000

This study is aimed at identifying the socio-economic value of the total area of 23,500ha of paddy field which will be reclaimed in year 2003. In Korea, tidal land reclamation projects has been carried out not only for paddy field expansion to meet national food security but also for national land expansion to cope with the shortage of land supply in implementing urbanization and industrialization. As of end of 1999, 75,738ha of tidal land reclamation, 48.3%, out of 156,666ha has been carried out in Korea. In spite of continuous implementation of tidal land reclamation, 48.3%, out of 156,666ha has been carried out in Korea. In spite of continuous implementation of tidal land reclamation projects, the appraisal of the national land expansion value has not been made even though the severe competitiveness of land use in economic development. Agricultural land about 20,000 - 30,000ha per year has been converted to urban and industrial land and the converted areas have been produced higher added value than that of the farm land. Accordingly, farm land expansion equivalent to the converted area have to be reclaimed to cope with the food shortage and security in the future. In relation to the study, demand and supply of rice, the staple food of Korean, has been projected up to year 2025. The study results are as follows: 1. Under the assumption of continuing the present tendencies of rice consumption, population increase, farming practices and farm land conversion, paddy area requirement to meet self sufficiency of rice were forecasted as 136,950ha in 2015, 193,460ha in 2020 and 218,482ha in 2025 respectively. 2. The average converted price of paddy per pyeong in Kimje city, Puna Gun and Gunsan city was estimated at 241,150won and average farm land price was amounted to 63,760won. The differential rent was estimated at 177,400won per pyeong which was used as a criteria for valuation of national land expansion effect of the tidal land reclaimed by Saemangeum project. The total land rent of 23,250ha expanded by tidal land reclamation was amounted to 12,361 billion won. Annual expected value of the expanded national land was estimated at 988.9 billion won considering 8% of annual discount rate in Korea. 3. Tidal land resource for paddy area development is limited comparing with the future requirement of paddy area to cope with self sufficiency of rice consumption. Accordingly farm land conversion to urban and industrial land should be regulated and protected in the sense of sustainable development in the future.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to calculate agricultural water demand as considering landuse plan of the farm land on the Saemangeum tidal land reclamation project. This study based on the farm landuse plan(2012) and considered some items which did not included previous work like prevention water for resalinization for paddy and upland and muli-purpose water for upland. This study showed that the agricultural water demand estimated $145.123Mm^3/yr$, which is needed as much $14.792Mm^3/yr$ as more water than previous work. The difference comes from the change of unit water demand. Water demand is possible to be changed if guidelines are improved and detailed design work is completed through further study. Especially, the more studies for prevention water for resalinization in a tidal reclaimed farmland and water demand for a horticulture are needed.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.201-210
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• 1976

Only 22.7% of total land area is arable land in Korea, it is anticipated that the increased land utilization of present arable land and enlargement of arable land through the reclamation of hillside and tidal land will be of great importance for the support of increased population in the future. Followings are the prediction of increased land utilization ratios, increased arable land through the reclamation of hillside and tidal land, and the increase] in fertilizer demand up to the year of 2000. 1. On the assumption that irrigation facilities, farm mechanization, and cropping systems would be improved remarkably by the year of 2000, the land utilization ratios of paddy land and upland are estimated to be 179% and 193% respectively. 2. Increments of fertilizer demand due to increased land utilization ratios, are estimated to be 2, 290 M/T in 1980, 70, 611 M/T in 1990, and 153, 619 M/T in 2000, when the amounts of fertilizers per unit area are fixed at present lrevels. 3. Increments of fertilizer demand due to the expansion of arable land through the reclamation of 516,330 ha of hillside land and 160,568 ha of tidal land, which are the present estimation of the reclaimable areas, are estimated as 32,960 M/T in 1980, 136,320 M/T in 1990, and 366,861 M/T in 2000. 4. Total increments of fertilizer demand due to the increased land utilization of arable land and the expansion of arable land through the reclamation of hillside and tidal lands in 2000's are estimated as 196,285 M/T for N, 147,351 M/T for $P_2O_5$, and 176,844 M/T for $K_2O$.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.409-423
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• 2023

North Korea is carrying out reclamation activities in tidal flat areas distributed throughout the west coast. Previousremote sensing research on North Korean tidal flats either failsto reflect recent trends or focuses on identifying and analyzing tidal flats. Thisstudy aimsto quantify the impact of recent reclamation activitiesin North Korea's coastal areas and contribute knowledge useful for determining the best remote sensing methods for coastal areas with limited accessibility, such as those in North Korea. Using Landsat-8 OLI images from 2014-2022, we analyzed land cover changesin an area on the west coast of Pyeonganbuk-do where reclamation activities are underway. Unsupervised classification using the normalized difference water index and the random forest classification technique were each used to divide the study area into classification groups, and changes in their areas over time were analyzed. The resultsshow a clear decrease in the water area and a tendency to increase cultivated area,supporting the evidence that North Korea'sreclamation isfor agricultural land expansion.Along coasts behind seawalls, the water area decreased by nearly half, and the cultivated area increased by over 2,300%, indicating significant changes and highlighting the anthropogenic nature of the cover changes due to reclamation. Both methods demonstrated high accuracy, making them suitable for detecting cover changes caused by reclamation. It is expected that further quality research will be conducted through the use of high-resolution satellite images and by combining data from multiple satellites in the future.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.206-223
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• 2003

이 연구의 중요한 문제의식은 지역의 정체성 및 경관 특성의 규명을 목적으로 하는 지역 연구에서 가시적. 형태적 접근 대신 그 형성의 사회적 과정에 중점을 두자는 점이었다. 필자는 내포지역의 지역성을 이해하기 위해서 해만이라는 자연지리적 특징에 착안하여 접근하였다. 내포 지역의 지리적 특징은 해만이라는 자연지리적요소로 대변될 수 있으며, 해만이라는 생태적 환경 속에서 인간에 의한 개척의 과정은 이 지역의 지역정체성을 풀어갈 수 있는 중요한 단서가 된다고 보았기 때문이다. 내포 지역의 해만 개척은 조선 시기에는 염전화를 주된 방향으로 하였고 일제시기이후 경지화가 본격화되었다. 광복이후에도 줄곧 경지화는 해만 개척의 주된 흐름이었지만. 염전화가 일제시기에는 물론이고 오늘날까지도 그 상대적 비중이 커지면서 이 지역의 중요한 토지 이용으로 존속해왔다는 사실이 주목되었다. 이러한 지리적 장기지속성은 소금 생산이 이 지역의 생태적 환경에 가장 적합한 최선의 적응전략이라는 점을 그 배경으로 하고 있다. 본격적으로 대규모 해만 개척이 이루어진 시기는 일제시기인데. 이 시기를 지나는 동안 연구 지역에는 새로운 경제적 지배 집단이 등장하고 이들은 전통 시기의 사회.정치적 권력 집단과는 그 출신 성분이 달랐다. 구한말로부터 일제시기에 이르는 동안 주목되는 점은 조선시기의 해만을 점유했던 자영업 종사자들이 거대한 자본가이자 대토지 소유자로서 등장했다는 사실이다. 이 시기의 정치 사회적 변동은 염한의 수익 증대를 가능케 했고 수도권과의 직교역이 가능한 지리적 접근성 및 전통적 권력 집단인 사족층의 세력이 미약했던 점 등은 당대 이들에게 유리한 지역적 조건을 제공함으로써 경제적 지배집단으로 성장시켜 주었다. 내포지역의 독특한 지역적 조건이 호남 지방의 염한이나 영남 지방 혹은 영동 지방의 염한들과는 다른 차별적 성장을 이들에게 가져다 준 것이다. 이들은 전통 시기 내포지역의 사회.정치적 권력 집단과는 그 출신 성분이 달랐던 존재로서 일제시기를 지나는 동안 경제적 지배 집단을 넘어 정치적. 사회적 권력집단으로 성장하였다. 이들 신흥 집단이 성장하는 데 의존했던 가장 중요한 자원은 대토지였는데 대토지 소유의 배경은 다름 아닌 소금 생산이라는 생태적 토지이용에 있었던 것이다 이를 단초로 하여 새로운 지역 엘리트로 성장한 이들은 연구 지역의 독특한 지역적 조건과 조응하고 정치.사회적 변동에 편승하면서 일제시기 이후 연구 지역의 해만개척 및 삼림지 개간을 주도하는 등 경관변화의 주체가 될 수 있었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.107-126
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• 2005

The most limited production resource in Korea is land. During the period from 1995 to 2002, annual farm land area of 17,600ha have been converted to urban and industrial land. The self-sufficiency rate of rice, Korean staple food, is expected to be decreased from 97.5% in 2003 to 60-70% in 2020. Under such conditions, this study is aimed at first identifying multi-functional benefits of the reclamation projects such as agricultural production, industrial water supply, urban land supply, transportation effects, sightseeing effects and environmental values with and without the projects. To carry out the objectives, three existing tideland reclamation projects such as Daeho, Kumgang and Yongsangang irrigation project stage II were evaluated and Saemangeum tideland reclamation project which was jointly revaluated by environmental NGO and Govn't appointed specialists in 2000 was reviewed. According to this study results, tide land reclamation projects were showed financially and economically feasible and environmentally sustainable. The joint cost like estuary dam should be allocated based on the multi-functional benefits of the projects. To allocate the joint cost, legal and institutional improvement should adapt the joint cost allocation method as the specific cost-remaining benefit method. Korea has more than 402,000 ha of tidal flat of which 76,396ha have been reclaimed in 2003. To meet food security and to cope with shortage of land, phil-environmental reclamation projects should be continuously implemented and necessary tidal flats for protecting environmental ecosystem should be remained according to the detail survey results of reclaimable resources.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.847-853
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• 2007

In Korean coastal areas, land reclamations are main development projects that should be based on environmental impact assessment(EIA), because those human interventions can change coastlines, damage tidal flats, and pollute adjacent areas to threat seafood safety and devaluate overall ecosystem service value. Existing procedures of the EIA for land reclamation projects were diagnosed and evaluated to enhance them. Problems were identified in the designation of survey areas, the consistency in survey sites and periods, the standardization of survey methods and reports, the confidence of survey results and the verification of predictions. Lack of integration was noticeable and could be improved by synthesizing different assessments from topography geography, marine physics, marine chemistry and marine biology. We suggest that successful precautionary marine environment management requires readjusting the cost of EIA, recruiting experts in marine environment, constructing database and establishing specialized assessment system.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1217-1220
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• 1967

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1281-1290
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• 1967