• Title/Summary/Keyword: recirculating aquaculture systems

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Design and Performance of a Laboratory Scale Closed Seawater Recirculating System for Korean Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli Culture Part 1. Design of the Closed Seawater Recirculating System

  • Lei Peng;Oh, Sung-Yong;Jo, Jae-Yoon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.125-125
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    • 2003
  • Recirculating aquaculture systems consist of different treatment compartments that maintain water quality within the ranges of commonly recommended for fish culture. This paper presents the common considerations in designing different treatment compartments as well as the engineering criteria in designing closed recirculating aquaculture system including a circular tank for fish culture, a sedimentation basin and a foam fractionator for solids removal, two styrofoam bead filters for TAN removal, a sand filter for nitrate removal, and aerators. The main purpose is to outline a common procedure in designing of closed recirculating aquaculture system for marine fish culture.

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Solids removal by foam fractionator in simulated seawater aquarium system

  • Lei Peng;Jo, Jae-yoon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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    • 2003.05a
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    • pp.219-220
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    • 2003
  • The success of recirculating system depends largely on the treatment efficiency of waste generated in the system. fine solids were suspected to be responsible for fish kill in a recirculating system. Clogging of biofilter may be induced by high solids concentration in recirculating systems. Also, the solids could generate more ammonia nitrogen and oxygen demand if not removed out of recirculating system as soon as possible (Weeks et al., 1992). (omitted)

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The Need of Biofilter for Ammonia Removal in Recirculating Aquaculture System

  • Harwanto, Dicky;Jo, Jae-Yoon
    • Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2010
  • With the world's population increase, demands of fish production increased rapidly. Because of the demand increase, methods of aquaculture also become more intense. With the increasing intensity of aquaculture, more metabolites in the system are accumulated. The metabolites accumulated in the system turn to the causatives of water quality deterioration and become limiting factors for fish growth. Due to the toxicity of ammonia, ammonia removal is needed in aquaculture system. Biofilters, often referred as biological filter or nitrification filter are commonly used in recirculating aquaculture system to remove ammonia and convert it to nitrite, and then to nitrate.

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Hematological and histological changes of black porgy Acanthopagrus schlegeli in ozonated recirculating systems

  • Kim, Pyong-Kih;Kim, Jae-Won;Park, Jeonghwan
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.2.1-2.8
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    • 2018
  • This study evaluated hemato-histological changes of black porgy in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) with three different ozone doses (no ozone, 20 g, and $40g\;ozone/kg\;feed\;day^{-1}$). During the 44-day study, black porgy did not show significant behavior changes or mortalities in both the ozonated systems displaying average total residual oxidants concentrations of 0.12 and 0.25 mg/L. There were no differences in growth and blood parameters among the systems. However, histological alterations on gills and livers were observed in both the treatment systems. In the higher ozone dose, signs of cellular damage were more apparent. Although the ozone doses did not manifest a serious adverse effect on growth and hematological observations in this short-term study, an ozone dose should not exceed $20g\;ozone/kg\;feed\;day^{-1}$ for black porgy based on the histological result. In order to use ozone in a seawater RAS, further studies will be needed to evaluate long-term effects of total residual oxidants.

Fecal Solid Feed from the Recirculating Aquaculture System of the Renewable Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (해삼사료원료로서 육상순환여과양식장 고형오물의 이화학적 특징과 해삼(Apostichopus japonicus)의 소화흡수율)

  • Jeong, U-Cheol;Jin, Feng;Choi, Jong-Kuk;Md, Anisuzzaman;Choi, Byeong-Dae;Kang, Seok-Joong
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.49 no.3
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    • pp.330-336
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    • 2016
  • Pollution caused by fecal solids released from recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) is a growing global concern requiring immediate attention. Thus, this study investigated the physicochemical characteristics of fecal solid feed from RASs used for eel and rainbow trout farming. The concentrations of proteins, lipids, crude ash, and moisture in eel fecal solids were 10.9%, 1.2%, 85.8%, and 72.2%, respectively, while those in rainbow trout fecal solid feed were 20.5%, 3.2%, 70.9%, and 87.0%, respectively. The control group was fed a mixture of sea cucumber and dried sea mud. The protein digestibilities of eel and rainbow trout fecal solids were 25.43% and 23.96%, respectively, while the respective lipid digestibilities were 35.62% and 36.80%, respectively.

Recirculating Aquaculture System Design and Water Treatment Analysis based on CFD Simulation

  • Juhyoung Sung;Sungyoon Cho;Wongi Jeon;Yangseob Kim;Kiwon Kwon;Deuk-young Jeong
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.17 no.11
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    • pp.3083-3098
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    • 2023
  • As demands for efficient and echo-friendly production of marine products increase, smart aquaculture based on information and communication technology (ICT) has become a promising trend. The smart aquaculture is expected to control fundamental farm environment variables including water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) levels with less human intervention. A recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is required for the smart aquaculture which utilizes a purification tank to reuse water drained from the water tank while blocking the external environment. Elaborate water treatment should be considered to properly operate RAS. However, analyzing the water treatment performance is a challenging issue because fish farm circumstance continuously changes and recursively affects water fluidity. To handle this issue, we introduce computational fluid dynamics (CFD) aided water treatment analysis including water fluidity and the solid particles removal efficiency. We adopt RAS parameters widely used in the real aquaculture field to better reflect the real situation. The simulation results provide several indicators for users to check performance metrics when planning to select appropriate RAS without actually using it which costs a lot to operate.

A Study of Nitrification Kinetics in the Biofilter Process for Aquaculture Water Treatment: A Review (양식 수처리를 위한 생물막 공정에서 질산화 영향인자에 대한 고찰)

  • Park, Noh Back;Park, Mi Seon;Lee, Jin Hwan;Myeong, Jeong In
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.46 no.6
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    • pp.675-681
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    • 2013
  • There have been many studies on biofilter process regarding satisfactory water quality and the operational conditions of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS). For effective nitrification processes, it is necessary to dynamically identify and apply nitrifying microorganisms. Physical, chemical and biological processes concerning biofilms can be applied and influential factors including substrate, dissolved oxygen concentrations, organic matter, temperature, pH, alkalinity, salinity and mixing velocity intensity need to be considered. Also, designing and managing the process based on the dynamic interpretation of these factors are prerequisites for engineering applications of the biofilter process. This paper draws on current literature on the kinetics of nitrification of biofilms in the biofilter process. Influential factors for nitrification are crucial during the biofilter process and are expected to be critical in informing the design and operation of recirculating aquaculture systems.

Design of Closed Seawater Recirculating Aquaculture System for Korean Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli Culture

  • Peng, Lei;Oh, Sung-Yong;Jo, Jae-Yoon
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.102-111
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    • 2004
  • Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) consists of different treatment compartments that maintain water quality within the ranges commonly recommended for fish cultures. However, common RASs still exert considerable environmental impact since concentrations of organic matter and nutrients in their effluents are high. Compared with the traditional RAS, the model RAS developed here use a sedimentation basin for digestion purposes and then use the released volatile organic matter to stimulate a denitrification process. Different treatment compartments for solids, total ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate removal have been reviewed. This paper provides the basic information on designing different treatment compartments as well as the engineering criteria in closed seawater RAS, consisting of circular tanks for fish cultures; dual drain systems, sedimentation basins and foam fractionators for removal of solids; nitrification biofilters for TAN removal; denitrification biofilters for nitrate removal; and aerators for aeration. The main purpose is to outline a common procedure in designing of closed RAS for marine fish culture with an emphasis on easy management and low expense, as well as reduction of the environmental impact.

Inorganic Nutrient Removal Efficiency of Aquatic Plants from Recirculating Aquaculture System (수생식물을 이용한 담수 순환여과식 양식용수내의 무기영양염 처리 효율)

  • 마진석;오승용;조재윤
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.171-178
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    • 2003
  • Inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphate compounds accumulate in recirculating aquaculture systems. These nutrients must be removed from the system before they affect pH and fish health. For this purpose, aquatic plants are a simple and inexpensive method of removal. There are four commonly used aquatic plants: Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce), Hygrophila angustifolia, and Hydrocotyle leucocephala in freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems in Korea, but their efficiencies are not known. Therefore, removal efficiencies of inorganic nutrients from a freshwater recirculating aquaculture water with four commonly used aquatic plants were tested. Removing efficiencies of TAN, N $O_2$$^{[-10]}$ -N, and N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ -N of the plants in 210 L aquaria for 48-hour period were tested. The removing efficiencies of TAN, N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ -N, and P $O_4$$^{3-}$-P of the two most effective plants, water hyacinth and water lettuce, were also tested in 690 L (surface area of 1.55 $m^2$) tanks under 2 different initial stocking densities, 4 kg and 6 kg, for 22 days. Proximate analysis major nutrients and N and P contents of the all plants were analyzed for calculating net removal weight of N and P by the plants. Water lettuce was the most effective for removing TAN, N $O_2$$^{[-10]}$ -N, and N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ -N from the water for 48-hour period tested followed by water hyacinth and Hygrophila angustifolia. Water lettuce reduced TAN, N $O_2$$^{[-10]}$ -N, and N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ -N concentration from 2.3 mg/L, 0.197 mg/L, and 21.4 mg/L to 0.4 mg/L, 0.024 mg/L and 17.4 mg/L, respectively while water hyacinth reduced them down to 0.6 mg/L, 0.029 mg/L and 17.9 mg/L, respectively. The concentrations of TAN, N $O_2$$^{[-10]}$ -N, and N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ -N in Hydrocotyle leucocephala group were rather increased up to 3.7 mg/L, 5.7 mg/L and 48.2 mg/L, respectively. This is because the creeping stem of Hydrocotyle leucocephala had to be cut to meet stocking weight resulting in decaying of the stem in the aquaria during experiment. The net growth in weight of water hycinth and water lettuce of 4 kg each in the 1.55 $m^2$ tanks for 22 days were 9.768 kg and 10.803 kg respectively, and those at initial weight of 6 kg each were 8.393 kg and 9.433 kg, respectively. The reason of lower net growth in the later group was restricted growth space. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents in water hyacinth were 2.89% and 0.27%, and those in water lettuce were 3.87% and 0.36%, respectively. Average quantities of removed N and P from 1.55 $m^2$ tanks by water hyacinth for 22 days were 18.9 g and 1.75 g, while those by water lettuce were 36.8 g and 3.5 g, respectively. Therefore water lettuce showed much higher efficiencies for removing both N and P from recirculating aquaculture water than water hyacinth.

Chronic Effects of Nitrate Nitrogen on Juvenile Blackhead Seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii in a Recirculating Aquaculture System (순환여과양식 시스템 내 감성돔(Acanthopagrus schlegelii) 치어에 미치는 질산성 질소의 만성적 영향)

  • Seo, Seok;Choi, Tae Gun;Park, Jeonghwan
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.52 no.5
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    • pp.474-481
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    • 2019
  • This study evaluated the chronic effects of $NO_3-N$ on juvenile blackhead seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii. The experiment used six identically configured recirculating aquaculture systems (435 L), with three tanks (70 L) each. The $NO_3-N$ concentrations studied were 0 (control), 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/L $NO_3-N/L$. Thirty juvenile blackhead seabream ($18.8{\pm}2.2g$) were stocked in each tank. Growth and hematological changes were evaluated after 120 days. At the end of the experiment, the growth, survival, and cortisol levels indicated that blackhead seabream were healthy in 500 mg $NO_3-N/L$. However, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) and the IGF-1 receptor were significantly lower at 250, 500, and 1,000 mg $NO_3-N/L$ than in controls (62.5 and 125 mg $NO_3-N/L$). Juveniles were likely affected at a much lower $NO_3-N$ concentration than 250 mg/L $NO_3-N/L$ in terms of IGF-1 and the IGF-1 receptor. Therefore, for the sake of long-term fish welfare, the $NO_3-N$ should be maintained at lower than 250 mg/L for blackhead seabream in recirculating aquaculture systems.