• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.213-216
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• 2005

This work aims on the one hand at the sublation of the typical image of the existing travel agencies and on the other at the making of new image that meets the clients' wishes. Looking in the face that in the existing travel agencies most clients are straying with the overflowing and selling-oriented informations, this design work pursue the image making of a new atmosphere of travel agency, in which the clients can make a rational choice. In complying with the policies of the travel agency in the Karstadt department store I have arrived at the basic design theme: the desire for travel depends on how organically and reciprocally the interest on the travel and the presentation of the travel information are combined with and permeated into each other, and furthermore how multifariously and plentifully these reciprocal combining and permeating are put on the stage. So it follows that the travel agency must let the clients indirectly experience the wished travel through staging various kinds of experience spaces. Consequentially the basic concept of the design can be summarized in the following: overlapping-transmitting and permeating-suspending.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.357-363
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• 2011

In relieving local pains, ropivacaine has been widely used. In case of their application such as ointments and creams, it is difficult to expect their effects for a significant period of time, because they are easily removed by wetting, movement and contacting. Therefore, the new formulations that have suitable bioadhesion were needed to enhance local anesthetic effects. The effect of drug concentration and temperature on drug release was studied from the prepared 1.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (150MC) gels using synthetic cellulose membrane at $37{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$. As the drug concentration and temperature increased, the drug release increased. A linear relationship was observed between the logarithm of the permeability coefficient and the reciprocal temperature. The activation energy of drug permeation was 3.16 kcal/mol for a 1.5% loading dose. To increase the skin permeation of ropivacaine from CMC gel, enhancers such as saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, pyrrolidones, propylene glycol derivatives, glycerides, and non-ionic surfactants were incorporated into the ropivacaine-CMC gels. Among the enhancers used, polyoxyethylene 2-oleyl ether showed the highest enhancing effects. For the efficacy study, the anesthetic action of the formulated ropivacaine gel containing an enhancer and vasoconstrictor was evaluated with the tail-flick analgesimeter. According to the rat tail-flick test, 1.5% drug gels containing polyoxyethylene 2-oleyl ether and tetrahydrozoline showed the best prolonged local analgesic effects. In conclusion, the enhanced local anesthetic gels containing penetration enhancer and vasoconstrictor could be developed using the bioadhesive polymer.