• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1997

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the differential effects caused by the interviewers and the days of the week using the 24-hour dietary recall method on the dietary evaluation of nutrient intakes. Thirteen subjects were interviewed by three trained interviewers on a Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. The consumption of nutrients by the subjects during each day was assessed. The average intake of nutrients was found to be sufficient except in calcium, iron, and vitamin A. there was a significant difference between the food intake on the weekdays and that o the weekend. However, the were no significant differences between the interviewers assessments on the intake of nutrients consumed by the subjects. The standardization of the portion size, interview skill and experience may be a few of the reasons explaining the elimination of the potential error created by variations among the interviewers. This study suggests that repeated 24-hour recalls during weekdays and weekends may be a better method for estimating the nutrients consumed by the subjects.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.335-341
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to develop a large representative data base for socks marketing strategy. The study was to determine socks brand awareness in ralation to segmented distribution regions and such demographic variables as sex and age. The authors also analyzed preferred design. A total of 650 questionnaires were distributed and 611 reliable ones were used for statistical analysis. A SAS statistical package including frequency tables and chi square test was used. The results are as follows: Brand awareness involves "brand recall" based on asking a person to name the brand he or she recalls first, and also "brand recognition" based on asking subjects to identify brand names from 30 given brands. 'SOCKSTOP' was found to be a dominant brand as a result of the brand recall test, and 'BYC' was found to be a dominant brand as a result of the brand recognition test. Brand recognition was significantly different in the segmented distribution regions, three age groups and different sex groups. People considered design first in purchasing sports/casual socks, while they considered color first in purchasing dress socks. The most favored type of sock style was the common crew sock type. The results of a chi square test showed that preferred type of sock design was related with the sex and age variables.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.205-212
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• 2000

The relation of food and supplemental intake of iron, vitamin E and ascorbic acid and other lifestyle variables to packed cell volume (PCV) and serum vitamin levels was studied in urban and rural (71% Amish) communities. Subjects were interviewed (24-h dietary recalls) on three occasions over 18-months, and blood samples were taken (maximum observations = 442). Mean PCV was lower in rural males (43.3) than in urban males (45.4) despite higher man food iron intake (18.7 and 14.4 mg/day, respectively). Mean meal iron availability was higher at lunch and lower at breakfast and dinner for rural than for urban subjects. Smoking was the number one variable in males and females explaining variance in PCV. Supplemental vitamin E and ascorbate intakes explained the most variance in serum vitamin E and ascorbate levels, respectively. Serum vitamin E was also associated with supplemental ascorbate intake (r=0.29). Serum ascorbate was also associated with food ascorbate intake (r=0.28) and body weight (r=-0.24).

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.865-882
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• 2017

To improve passenger convenience and safety, today's vehicle is evolving into a "connected vehicle," which mounts various sensors, electronic control devices, and wired/wireless communication devices. However, as the number of connections to external networks via the various electronic devices of connected vehicles increases and the internal structures of vehicles become more complex, there is an increasing chance of encountering issues such as malfunctions due to various functional defects and hacking. Recalls and indemnifications due to such hacking or defects, which may occur as vehicles evolve into connected vehicles, are becoming a new risk for automakers, causing devastating financial losses. Therefore, automakers need to make voluntary efforts to comply with security ethics and strengthen their responsibilities. In this study, we investigated potential security issues that may occur under a connected vehicle environment (vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-infrastructure, and internal communication). Furthermore, we analyzed several case studies related to automaker's legal risks and responsibilities and identified the security requirements and necessary roles to be played by each player in the automobile development process (design, manufacturing, sales, and post-sales management) to enhance their responsibility, along with measures to manage their legal risks.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.83-93
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed (1) to share findings from the U.S. on customer use of social media for information seeking and sharing about food recall risks, and (2) to discuss the implications of the findings for the context of food safety and risk communication in Korea. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,026 social media users aged 18 years or older in the U.S., recruited from the Knowledge Network's nationally representative panel. Results: About 26 percent of respondents used social media either to seek or share food recall information in the past year, with social networking sites being the most popular tool. With respect to social media use for information seeking, being married, perceived risk of getting foodborne diseases, and trust in Internet were significant, positive predictors; being Whites and trust in health professionals were negative predictors. Social media use for information sharing was positively associated with education, being married, foodborne disease history, and perceived risk of foodborne diseases; Whites, income, and trust in health professionals were negative predictors. Conclusions: The study gives theoretical, methodological, and practical implications for the context of food safety and risks in Korea.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.846-855
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• 2009

This study was performed to assess gender differences in rates of obesity, dietary behaviors, and nutrient intakes among college students living in Gwangju. Anthropometric measurements showed that the body mass indexes (BMIs) of the males and females were $22.1{\pm}2.6$ and $20.1{\pm}2.4$ respectively. All obesity indices including BMI, relative body weight (RBW), % body fat by bioelectrical impedence analysis (BIA), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly higher in the males than in the females. Abdominal fat was also found to be higher in the males whereas underweight was prominent in the female students. The dietary behaviors of the males as determined by dietary scores, were poorer than those of the females. Twenty-four hour dietary recalls revealed that most nutrient intakes were adequate, exceptions of vitamin C, Ca, and folate intakes in both sexes and Fe intake in the female students. Ca and folate intakes were below 75% of the KDRI for both genders. In addition, Unbalanced energy ratios of carbohydrate, protein, and fat were noted in both genders. Effective nutrition education programs targeting college students should be developed and implemented to increase Ca and folate consumption. It is suggested that gender-based nutrition education approaches be created due to poor dietary behavior in males and inadequate nutrient intakes in female college students.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.475-483
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among eating habits, eating behaviors, obesity indices and serum leptin levels of 97 school children in the Daegu and Kyungpuk areas. The subjects consisted of 42 boys and 55 girls from the 4th and 5th grades. The prevalence rate of obesity was 63.6% in the males and 36.4% in the females. The nutritional status of the subjects was assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls and blood analyses. The mean serum leptin levels of the obese group (12.84 $\pm$ 6.97 ng/ml) were significantly higher than those of the non-obese group (2.43 $\pm$ 1.53 ng/ml) (p < 0.001) . The mean eating behavior scores and MAR were significantly different in the two groups. Nutrient intakes were low and fell short of the RDA. Serum leptin levels showed a significant negative correlation with eating habit (r= -0.24) and eating behavior scores (r= -0.40) (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). It was speculated that nutritional intervention and education about the appropriate nutrient intake requirements of developing children might be necessary.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.237-259
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• 2010

This paper first gives a brief overview of the history of space law making in the international geopolitical context and recalls some of the main principles as elaborated in the framework of the United Nations. Next, several topics are discussed that will require the attention of space lawyers in the near future. They are the International Space Station, space debris, exploitation of space resources, space tourism, private property rights in space, and militarization and weaponization of space. The paper raises some questions in each of these areas that need to be addressed and concludes that the general legal framework for space activities under public international law as contained in the UN treaties is in place, and is sufficiently general and flexible to enable and encourage states to carry out space activities in an orderly manner. However, as demonstrated by the examples discussed in the paper, the time has come for the international community to agree on the further development of these general principles, starting perhaps with space debris, imminent 'new' uses of space such as space tourism, or some of the 'age old' issues such as the weaponisation of outer space that will continue to require our attention and vigilance. Whether such rules can be in the form of non binding guidelines, codes of conduct and the like, or should be embodied in solid legal instruments creating rights and obligations remains to be seen.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of obesity, serum antioxidant mineral concentrations and blood lipid parameters in middle school students. Subjects were assigned to two groups, obese (BMI$\geq$25, 32 boys, 24 girls) and normal group (18.5

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.12
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• pp.1879-1888
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• 2017

The Internet of Things (IoT) environment has been gradually approaching reality, and although it provides great convenience, security threats are increasing accordingly. For the IoT environment to settle safely, careful consideration of information security is necessary. Although many security measures in the design and development stages of IoT products have been studied thus far, apart from them, the establishment of systems and countermeasures for post management after the launch of IoT products is also very important. In the present paper, a technical and policy post-security management framework is proposed to provide secure IoT environments. The proposed framework defines the concrete response procedures of individual entities such as users, manufacturers, and competent authorities in the case of the occurrence of security flaws after launching IoT products, and performs appropriate measures such as software updates and recalls based on an assessment of the risk of security flaws.