• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.455-461
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• 2012

Obesity is associated with numerous diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cancer. Inhibition of adipogenesis is a effectite strategy to anti-obesity. In this study, Galla Chinenisis extract (GCE) inhibited adipocyte differentiation in OP9 cells. There was no cytotoxicity when cells were treated with GCE in designated time intervals, unaffected by concentration. In this cell model, increases in fat storage were inhibited by 2 days treatment with various concentration of GCE, visualized by Oil red-O, BODIPY and DAPI staining. To understand the underlying mechanism at the molecular level, the effects of GCE were examined on the expression of the genes involved in adipogenesis by real-time PCR. In the progress of adipocyte differentiation with GCE-treated, the mRNA level of adipogenic genes such as peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$), computer-assisted axial tomography/enhancer binding protein-alpha ($C/EBP{\alpha}$) were decreased. Also, GCE treatment inhibited increase of mRNA expression, which is adipogenic factor such as fatty acid synthase (FAS), hormone-sensitve lipase (HSL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and adipocyte-specific lipid binding protein (aP2). Therefore, the result of this study suggest that Galla Chinenisis extract can prevent adipocyte differentiation and GCE may have a great potential as a novel anti-adipogenic agent.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.447-451
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• 2016

In this study, Albizziae Cortex extracts (ACE) have potent effects on adipogenesis and on lipolysis in OP9 cells. There was no cytotoxicity while cells were treated with ACE in designated time intervals, unaffected by various concentrations. In the cells with ACE-treated, increases in fat storage were inhibited, and also confirmed by Oil red O. To understand the underlying mechanism at the molecular level, the effects of ACE were examined on the expression of the genes involved in adipogenesis by using real-time PCR. In this cell model, the mRNA level of adipogenic genes such as peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) and CAAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha ($C/EBP{\alpha}$) were decreased by ACE treatment, comparing with those of control group. Collectively, our data suggest that ACE may have great potential as a novel anti-obesity agent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1184-1189
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• 2012

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the major viral pathogens affecting shrimp aquaculture. Four proteins, WSSV199, WSSV 222, WSSV 249 and WSSV 403, from WSSV are predicted to encode a RING-H2 domain, which in presence of ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2) in shrimp can function as viral E3 ligase and modulate the host ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Modulation of host ubiquitin proteasome pathway by viral proteins is implicated in viral pathogenesis. In the present study, a time course expression profile analysis of WSSV Open Reading Frame (ORF) 199 and Penaeus monodon ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (PmUbc) was carried out at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h post WSSV challenge by semi-quantitative RT-PCR as well as Real Time PCR. EF1${\alpha}$ was used as reference control to normalize the expression levels. A significant increase in PmUbc expression at 24 h post infection (h.p.i) was observed followed by a decline till 72 h.p.i. Expression of WSSV199 was observed at 24 h.p.i in WSSV infected P. monodon. Since the up-regulation of PmUbc was observed at 24 h.p.i where WSSV199 expression was detected, it can be speculated that these proteins might interact with host ubiquitination pathway for viral pathogenesis. However, further studies need to be carried out to unfold the molecular mechanism of interaction between host and virus to devise efficient control strategies for this chaos in the shrimp culture industry.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5783-5788
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• 2013

Trigonella foenum in graecum (Fenugreek) is a traditional herbal plant used to treat disorders like diabetes, high cholesterol, wounds, inflammation, gastrointestinal ailments, and it is believed to have anti-tumor properties, although the mechanisms for the activity remain to be elucidated. In this study, we prepared a methanol extract from Fenugreek whole plants and investigated the mechanism involved in its growth-inhibitory effect on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Apoptosis of MCF-7 cells was evidenced by investigating trypan blue exclusion, TUNEL and Caspase 3, 8, 9, p53, FADD, Bax and Bak by real-time PCR assays inducing activities, in the presence of FME at $65{\mu}g/mL$ for 24 and 48 hours. FME induced apoptosis was mediated by the death receptor pathway as demonstrated by the increased level of Fas receptor expression after FME treatment. However, such change was found to be absent in Caspase 3, 8, 9, p53, FADD, Bax and Bak, which was confirmed by a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. In summary, these data demonstrate that at least 90% of FME induced apoptosis in breast cell is mediated by Fas receptor-independently of either FADD, Caspase 8 or 3, as well as p53 interdependently.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2012

Though Android-based smart phones are being released in Korea, Korean TTS engine is not built on them and Google has not announced service or software developer's kit related to Korean TTS officially. Thus, application developers who want to include Korean TTS capability in their application have difficulties. In this paper, we design and implement Android OS-based Korean TTS system and service. For speed, text preprocessing and synthesis libraries are implemented using Android NDK. By using Java's thread mechanism and the AudioTrack class, the response time of TTS is minimized. For the test of implemented service, an application that reads incoming SMS is developed. The test shows that synthesized speech are generated in real-time for random sentences. By using the implemented Korean TTS service, Android application developers can transmit information easily through voice. Korean TTS service proposed and implemented in this paper overcomes shortcomings of the existing restrictive synthesis methods and provides the benefit for application developers and users.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2008

In this paper, we implement an automatic entity information management system for smart refrigerator using RFID technology in which objects containing electronic tags are automatically identified using radio wave. Unlike current "smart" refrigerators, the system presented in this paper implements smart tag information acquisition mechanism and real-time information management system to provide various information on entities in refrigerators to local and remote users. As the first step, this paper analyzes the requirements for smart refrigerator system based on the RFID and suggests design considerations. Based on the analysis, we propose and implement an efficient tag location tracking method based on antenna transfer method and an intelligent tag information management system based on embedded database and web server. We also provide a wide range of experimental results on the number of tags identified at a time and the tag recognition ratio according to the RFID antenna transfer speed and the angle between tag reader and tags.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.2811-2817
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• 2010

In this paper we propose the QAC-MAC that supports Quality of Service(QoS) and saves energy resources of the sensor node, and hence prolonging the lifetime of the sensor network with multiple sink nodes. Generally, the nodes nearest to the sink node often experience heavy congestion since all data is forwarded toward the sink through those nodes. So this critically effects on the delay-constraint data traffics. QAC-MAC uses a hybrid mechanism that adapts scheduled scheme for medium access and scheduling and unscheduled scheme based on TDMA for no data collision transmission. Generally speaking, characteristics of the real-time traffic with higher priority tends to be bursty and has same destination. QAC-MAC adapts cross-layer concept to rearrange the data transmission order in each sensor node's queue, saves energy consumption by allowing few nodes in data transmission, and prolongs the network lifetime.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2020

Background: The cellular senescence of primary cultured cells is an irreversible process characterized by growth arrest. Restoration of senescence by ginsenosides has not been explored so far. Rg3(S) treatment markedly decreased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in senescent human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). However, the underlying mechanism of this effect of Rg3(S) on the senescent HDFs remains unknown. Methods: We performed a label-free quantitative proteomics to identify the altered proteins in Rg3(S)-treated senescent HDFs. Upregulated proteins induced by Rg3(S) were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analyses. Results: Finally, 157 human proteins were identified, and variable peroxiredoxin (PRDX) isotypes were highly implicated by network analyses. Among them, the mitochondrial PRDX3 was transcriptionally and translationally increased in response to Rg3(S) treatment in senescent HDFs in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion: Our proteomic approach provides insights into the partial reversing effect of Rg3 on senescent HDFs through induction of antioxidant enzymes, particularly PRDX3.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.6A
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• pp.550-557
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• 2007

We predict a context of various structures by using Bayesian Networks Algorithms, Three-Dimensional Structures Algorithms and Genetic Algorithms. However, these algorithms have unavoidable problems when providing a context-aware service in reality due to a lack of practicality and the delay of process time in real-time environment. As far as context-aware system for specific purpose is concerned, it is very hard to be sure about the accuracy and reliability of prediction. This paper focuses on reasoning and prediction technology which provides a stochastic mechanism for context information by incorporating various context information data. The objective of this paper is to provide optimum services to users by suggesting an intellectual reasoning and prediction based on hierarchical context information. Thus, we propose a design of user location prediction algorithm using sequential matching with n-size flexible window scheme by taking user's habit or behavior into consideration. This algorithm improves average 5.10% than traditional algorithms in the accuracy and reliability of prediction using the Flexible Window Scheme.

• Carbon letters
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 2004

The failure behaviours of unidirectional pultruded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites were monitored by the electrical resistance measurement during tensile loading, three-point-bending, interlaminar shear loading. The tensile failure behaviour of carbon fiber tows was also investigated by the electrical resistance measurement. Infrared thermography non-destructive evaluation was performed in real time during tensile test of CFRP composites to validate the change of microdamage in the materials. Experiment results demonstrated that the CFRP composites and carbon fiber tows were damaged by different damage mechinsms during tensile loading, for the CFRP composites, mainly being in the forms of matrix damage and the debonding between matrix and fibers, while for the carbon fiber tows, mainly being in the forms of fiber fracture. The correlation between the infrared thermographs and the change in the electrical resistance could be regarded as an evidence of the damage mechanisms of the CFRP composites. During three-point-bending loading, the main damage forms were the simultaneity fracture of matrix and fibers firstly, then matrix cracking and the debonding between matrix and fiber were carried out. This results can be shown in Fig. 9(a) and (b). During interlaminar shear loading, the change in the electrical resistance was related to the damage degree of interlaminar structure. Electrical resistance measurement was more sensitive to the damage behaviour of the CFRP composites than the stress/time curve.