• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 1985

A total of eight strains of avian reoviruses were isolated from chickens with arthritis or stunted growth. The isolations were made from broilers or broiler breeders under 12 weeks of age. The viruses had a typical morphology of reoviruses with double capsid layers and 81nm of diameter. In agar gel precipitation tests, the isolates reacted with antisera prepared against S-1133 or R-1 strains of avian reoviruses and cross reacted with S-1133 antigen. They did not agglutinated RBC's from day-old chicks, adult chickens, guinea pigs, and horses. The isolates showed strong resistance against the treatments of chloroform, IUdR, and heat, When infectivities of the viruses were titrated in cell cultures of chicken embryo fibroblast, chicken embryo liver, and Vero cells, similar end points reached four to five days after inoculation, regardless of tell types and virus inoculation time, either inoculated simultaneously at the time of cell seeding or on confluency. Mean times of mortality of chicken embryos inoculated with the isolates via the chorioallantoic membrane ranged from 54 to 59 hours and that of S-1133 strain was 73 hours.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.451-462
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate nutrition intakes and its relation to the obesity and the prevalence of anemia in 252 children(136 boys, 116 girls) aged $2{\sim}6$ years. The hematological parameters, daily nutrient intakes and height and weight were measured. Calorie intakes of 2 and 3year-old-children were over their RDA while those of 4-6 years were below the RDA. Intakes of protein, P, and vit B complex were far over the RDA in all ages of children. Fe and vit A intakes were insufficient in all ages except 3 years while Ca intakes were insufficient in all ages except 2 and 3 years. About 18.2% of the children were evaluated as obese. However, very few children were anemic by hematologic parameters. The mean Hb concentrations were 12.2mg/dl in boys and also in girls. The mean Hct was 36.2% in boys, 35.8% in girls. Serum Fe concentration was 100.1mg/dl in boys, 101.1mg/dl in girls. RBC count was significantly higher in boys while MCH was significantly higher in girls. Intakes of protein, P, Fe, vit $B_1$, niacin, vit C were significantly higher in obese group compared to under weight group. There were significant positive correlations between protein intake and Hb, Hct, MCH, and MCHC. The correlation between Fe intake and Hb or Hct was not significant. In conclusion, it seems that the nutritional status of the most children was in very good condition. However, they needed to take more foods supplying Fe, Ca, and vit A.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.977-985
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• 2003

This study was done to evaluate the health and nutritional status of female college students in Seoul. The subjects were 63 healthy college students aged 20 to 29 years. Their body composition, dietary intakes, clinical blood indices were investigated. Their body composition was determined by means of a multifreqency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Their dietary intake was determined using 3-day record method and their nutrient intake was analyzed by Computer Aided Nutritional analysis program for professional (CAN-pro). Their hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were determined by semi-automated microcell counter (F-520). Their plasma total cholesterol, TG, and HDL-cholesterol levels were measured using test kits. All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program. Their average consumption of calcium, iron vitamin A, vitamin B2 and niacin were 63.3%, 65.0%, 85.2%, 89.2% and 95.2% of RDA, respectively. The overall mean values of the hematological indices in the female college students were within the normal range. However anemic subjects with hemoglobin (< 12 g/dl) and hematocrit (<36%) accounted for about 20% of the subjects. The mean levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and TG were 188.4mg/dl, 69.9mg/dl and 67.4mg/dl, respectively. The percentages of the subjects with plasma total cholesterol level (> 200mg/dl) and LDL-cholesterol (＞130mg/dl) were about 41% and 30.4%, respectively. The data showed a significantly positive correlation between either body fat (%) or BMI and TG. However. there was a significantly negative correlation between either body fat (%) or BMI and HDL-cholesterol. These overall results suggest that it is necessary for college women to be educated regarding consuming more iron and vitamin C and less fat, in order to prevent iron deficiency anemia and/or cardiovascular diseases in later life.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 2003

This study investigated the relationship of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection to iron-deficiency anemia in high school girls. Four hundred and fourty-five subjects resided in Ulsan City in Korea were evaluated by questionnaire or blood analysis for serum indicators of iron status, daily nutrient intakes, symptoms of anemia, and H. pylori IgG antibody status. In H. pylori infected subjects, total energy intake of was 1534.14±350.81 kcal (73.0% of the Korean RDA), the iron intake of subjects was 11.38±3.90 mg (71.1% of Korean RDA) and calcium intake was 467.63±175.96 mg (58.3% of the Korean RDA). Carbohydrate (p < 0.05), vitamin A (p < 0.05), vitamin C (p < 0.01) intakes were significantly lower in infected subjects than in non-infected subjects. The prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin (Hb) < 12 g/dL.) in H. pylori infected subjects was 22.7% as compared to 14.7% in non-infected subjects. The mean serum ferritin of infected subjects (21.71±21.50 ng/mL) was significantly lower than in non-infected subjects (p < 0.05) (as was the mean Hb concentration (12.54±1.51 g/dL) and hematocrit (37.99±3.64%)). Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) of H. pylori infected subjects (449.09±78.23 ㎍/dL) was significantly higher than that of non-infected subjects (432.99＋76.15 ㎍/dL) (P < 0.05). The levels of iron, red blood cell (RBC) and transferrin saturation were similar in infected and non-infected subjects. Two symptoms of anemia, 'pale face (p < 0.01)' and 'decreased ability to concentrate (p < 0.005)', were significantly higher in H. pylori infected subjects than in non-infected subjects. High school girls are known to be more vulnerable to iron deficiency than other age groups, and this research demonstrates that infection with H. pylori increases their risk of iron-deficiency anemia.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.556-564
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to assess the iron nutritional status of college women residing in the Kyungin area. The anthropometric parameters, nutrient intake, and biochemical status of iron were measured for 102 college women. The mean height and weight were 160.3cm and 52.4kg, respectively. The proportion of subjects whose BMI was less than 20 was 41.3%. The proportion of subjects assessed as overweight(25$\geq$25%) assessed by the fat percent(FP) was 53.9%. The mean daily intake of iron was 13.90mg(77.1% of RDA), composed of 0.97mg of heme iron and 12.44mg(69.0% of RDA). When the sources of iron were grouped as rice(including bread), noodle, soup, side dish, and snack, noodle provided, 3.95mg of iron regarded as the highest amount. Subjects were taking 6.72mg(51.4% of RDA) of iron per day from main dishes(rice, bread and noodle). The fifty five percent of the subjects showed iron depletion(serum femitin<20ng/ml)and 33.4% showed suppressed erythropoiesis with iron deficiency(serum ferritin<10ng/ml). The anemic subjects assessed with transferrin saturation (<15%) represented 33.3% of the test population, whereas 11.8% of the subjects possessed less than 12g/dl of hemoglobin. Subjects not satisfied with their body shape were having significantly lower amount of energy intake(p<0.05) than the subjects satisfied with their body shape. College women having mothers who graduated from university had a significantly decreased amount of energy, carbohydrates, fat and vitamin C(p<0.05). The mean RBC and serum iron of the subjects who were on a diet more than one month were lower than those of the subjects who were not on a diet(p<0.05).

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2019

사삼(沙蔘, Adenophorae Radix)은 "대한민국약전외한약(생약)규격집(KHP)"에 잔대 Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara 또는 사삼(당잔대, A. stricta Miq.)의 뿌리로 수재되어 있으나, 형태학적으로 유사한 제니(모시대, A. remotiflorus Miquel), 층층잔대(윤엽사삼, A. tetraphylla (Thunb.) Fisch), 더덕 Codonopsis lanceolata (Sieb. et Zucc.)과 오 혼용 우려가 있어 이들을 구별하기 위한 종 감별법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 '사삼'과 오 혼용 우려가 있는 종들을 구별할 수 있는 유전자 마커 개발을 위하여 DNA 바코드로 활용되고 있는 유전자 부위를 분석하여 ITS (25%), atpB-rbcL (15%), atpF-atpH (14%), rpl16 (13%), trnL-F (10%), matK (9%), rpoC1 (7%)에서 변이율(percent of variable sites)을 확인하였다. 또한, 분석한 유전자 부위 중 종간 차이를 확인하기 용이한 matK 구간을 활용해 기원종인 잔대, 당잔대와 형태적으로 유사하여 오 혼용될 우려가 있는 층층잔대, 모시대 및 더덕을 감별 할 수 있는 유전자 마커를 개발하였다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 염기서열과 분자 마커는 '사삼'의 품질관리에 유용하게 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.98-98
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• 2019

제니(薺苨, Adenophorae Remotiflori Radix)는 "대한민국약전외한약(생약)규격집(KHP)"에 모시대(Adenophora remotiflorus Miquel)의 뿌리로 수재되어있으나, 형태학적으로 유사한 잔대(A. triphylla), 당잔대(A. stricta) 및 더덕(Codonopsis lanceolata)과 오 혼용 우려가 있어 이들을 구별하기 위한 정확하고 객관적인 종 감별법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 '제니'의 기원인 모시대와 오 혼용 우려가 있는 종들을 구별 할 수 있는 유전자 마커를 개발하기 위하여 Genbank에 등록된 ycf2 구간을 활요하여 모시대와 잔대, 당잔대를 구분 할 수 있는 INDEL (insertion/deletion) 마커를 개발하였다. 또한, 보다 정확한 종감별을 위해 DNA 바코드로 활용되고 있는 유전자 부위의 염기서열을 분석하여 ITS (25%), atpB-rbcL (15%), atpF-atpH (14%), rpl16 (13%), trnL-F (10%), matK (9%), rpoC1 (7%)에서 변이율(percent of variable sites)을 확인하였다. 향후, 본 연구에서 개발된 INDEL 마커와 더불어 추가적으로 개발을 진행 중인 분자 마커는 한약재 '제니'의 품질관리에 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1995

Antioxidant effect of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) was investigated in rats. Long-term administration of ginseng water extract protected the activity of liver cytosotic SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase from being significantly decreased with advancing age (p<0.05). It was more effective toward glutathione peroxidase than other antioxidant enzymes. However, the level of sulfhydryl compounds and its related enzymes such as glutathione reductase and glutathione-5-transferase was not significantly changed by the administration of ginseng. Liver microsomal formation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide did not show a significant difference between two groups although it was slightly decreased with age, but lipid peroxidizability of microsomal membrane induced by a prooxidant was slightly lower in ginseng-treated rats. Interestingly, antioxidant capacity of plasma from ginseng treated rats on autooxidation of ok-brain homogenates was much higher than that of normal ones. However, resistance of RBC membrane against oxidative stress showed a similar tendency. The content of serum TBA reactive substances lowered consistently in the rats treated with r ginseng at all corresponding age and a significant difference between two groups was found at 24 months of age (p<0.05). Ginseng extract protected lipid peroxidation in brain and liver. This protection was more effective in the stressed rats imposed by immobilization than normal ones. In conclusion, ginseng water extract protected the age related deterioration of major antioxidant enzymes, and this effect was more striking with increasing duration of treatment. This comprehensive antioxidant action of ginseng seems to be bra certain action of ginseng other than a direct antioxidant action, which might be a long term normalizing effect through the harmony of various components.

• ALGAE
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.93-110
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• 2023

Progress in phylogenomic analysis has led to a considerable re-evaluation of former cyanobacterial system, with many new taxa being established at different nomenclatural levels. The family Geminocystaceae is among cyanobacterial taxa recently described on the basis of polyphasic approach. Within this family, there are six genera: Geminocystis, Cyanobacterium, Geminobacterium, Annamia, Picocyanobacterium, and Microcrocis. The genus Geminocystis previously encompassed two species: G. herdmanii and G. papuanica. Herein, a new species G. urbisnovae was proposed under the provision of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). Polyphasic analysis was performed for five strains from the CALU culture collection (St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation), and they were assigned to the genus Geminocystis in accordance with high 16S rRNA gene similarity to existing species, as well as because of proximity to these species on the phylogenetic trees reconstructed with RaxML and Bayes methods. Plausibility of their assignment to a separate species of the genus Geminocystis was substantiated with smaller cell size; stenohaline freshwater ecotype; capability to complementary chromatic adaptation of second type (CA2); distinct 16S rRNA gene clustering; sequences and folding of D1-D1' and B box domains of the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer region. The second objective pursued by this communication was to provide a survey of the family Geminocystaceae. The overall assessment was that, despite attention of many researchers, this cyanobacterial family has been understudied and, especially in the case of the crucially important genus Cyanobacterium, taxonomically problematic.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.181-189
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity indices, nutritional knowledge, nutritional intake status, and some blood parameters in obese middle-school students. Anthropometric measurement, 24-hour recall for dietary intake, blood analysis and Questionnaire response including nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitude, and self-satisfaction were conducted in 42 obese middle-school students (28 male and 14 female) participated in the nutritional camp program carried by Bucheon district public health center in Kyunggi-do. The mean age of subjects was 13.9 years. The average body weight, BMI, obesity index, WHR and percent body fat were 75.5 kg, 29.1 kg/$m^2$, 30.1, 0.89 and 33.3% in male subjects, and 67.8 kg, 27.5 kg/$m^2$, 25.3, 0.81 and 34.6% in female subjects. The average nutritional attitude, the self-satisfaction and the nutritional knowledge scores were no significant difference between male and female subjects. Average intake of energy were 85.5% of RDA in males and 98.1% of RDA in females. The percentage of energy from fat was higher in both male (29%) and female (26%) subjects than recommended level. Calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B$_2$, vitamin C, niacin and folate intakes were below the RDA for them. In the results of correlation analysis, body weight, BMI and obesity index were positively correlated with systolic blood pressure and cholesterol intake. There was a negative correlation between percent body fat and nutritional knowledge. Body weight was negatively related to HDL-cholesterol, whereas it has positive relation with RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit. BMI and obesity index were negatively related to HDL-cholesterol, but positively related to RBC, respectively. WHR showed positive relationship with serum GPT, glucose and MCV.