• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2024

A total of 180 21-day-old weaning pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) with an initial body weight of 6.44 ± 0.01 kg were randomly assigned to 9 treatments for evaluating the effects of replacing dietary inorganic copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) with glycine (Gly) or methionine (Met)-chelated Cu and Zn on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. The experimental period was 35 days. There were four replicated pens per treatment, with five pigs (three males and two females) per pen. Dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (CON), in which the sources of Cu and Zn were in inorganic form. The inorganic Cu and Zn in the basal diet were replaced by glycine-chelated (GC) and methionine-chelated (MC) Cu and Zn by 30, 50, 70, or 100% to form the GC1, GC2, GC3, GC4, or MC1, MC2, MC3, MC4 groups. The 100% replacement of dietary inorganic Cu and Zn with GC or MC increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio. The complete replacement of dietary inorganic Cu and Zn with GC or MC led to enhanced (p < 0.05) digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, Cu and Zn. Thus, the replacement of inorganic Cu and Zn with GC or MC can improve the growth efficiency and nutrient utilization of weaning pigs.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.353-361
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• 2014

In order to investigate the effects of copper alloy on abalone physiology, we studied survival rate, respiration, excretion rate, and heavy metal accumulation in each organ of adults and spats. The survival rate of spats and adults showed 27-60% and 63-83% respectively, higher survival rate in adults. In particular, 100% of copper panel led to lowest survival rate and there was no sharp distinction according to copper alloy composition. The respiration rate and excretion rate of ammonia nitrogen was $1.81mgO_2/g$ D.W./h and 0.43 mg $NH_4-N/g$ D.W./h respectively at 100% of copper panel. In other words, there was a high significant difference at the level, but no significant difference at other test levels (P < 0.05). The atomic ratio (0: N) hit the lowest at the 100% of copper panel showing 3.79 and no significant differences were seen among other test groups with 6.57-7.18 of a very low range. This means that the species might have undergone nutritional stress. In case of copper accumulation, the 100% copper panel group showed the highest level in hepatopancreas and muscle showing 6.91 mg/kg and 1.60 mg/kg respectively but the rest of groups showed similar levels. Zinc accumulation raised at Cu-Zn alloy panel had high significance showing 18.50 mg/kg and 1.10 mg/kg in hepatopancreas and muscle respectively (P < 0.05). To sum up, a cage net made of 100% pure copper is expected to have a negative effect on abalone in light of survival rate, heavy metal accumulation, and atomic ratio (0: N). Moreover, given that the substratum used for the high adhesive species and nutritious stress that is represented through the atomic ratio need to be considered, the copper alloy net is thought not to be suitable for abalone aquaculture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.236.2-236.2
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• 2015

The copper-zinc(Cu-Zn) nanofiber was prepared by electrospinning method. The Cu/PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and Zn/PVP precursor solutions were prepared by dissolution of copper sulfate and zinc acetate in methanol, respectively. The PVP was used to control the viscosity of the precursor solutions. The optimized ratio for the Cu/PVP and Zn/PVP nanofibers was determined separately. Then the suitable ratio of the precursor solutions was applied for fabrication of Cu/Zn/PVP nanofiber. For the electrospinning method, the precursor solutions were filled in a syringe. The distance between metallic needle on the syringe and collector was fixed at 16 cm and the voltage was applied on the tip was 13.0 kV. And the as-spun nanofiber was heated at 353K for removal of residual solvent. Then the heated nanofibers were calcined at 973K to decompose PVP. The obtained Cu, Zn, and Cu-Zn nanofibers were investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for the chemical properties, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the morphologies, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to characterize the crystallinity and phase of nanofibers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1112-1120
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• 1996

This study was carried out to estimate the relationship between dietary intakes, blood levels, and urinary excretions of zine, copper, and iron and serum lipids in 30 healthy adults living in Korean rural area. Analyses for the nutritional status of the subjects were performed by 3-day intake recored, duplicated diet collections, 24-hour urine collection, and venous blood sampling before measuring of blood pressure. The daily intakes of zinc, copper, and iron estimated for 3 days were 8.2mg, 3.0mg, and 12.7mg in men and 8.4mg, 3.7mg, and 12.3mg in women, respectively. The serum contents of cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol were 165.9mg/dl, 119.4mg/dl, and 43.7mg/dl in men and 154.1mg/dl, 88.2mg/dl, and 47.1mg/dl in women, respectively. The serum levels of zine, copper, and iron were 146.0ug/dl, 120.3ug/dl, and 131.1ug/dl in men and 140.6ug/dl, 117.3ug/dl, and 112.2ug/dl in women, respectively. In the relation between dietary intakes, serum levels, and urinary excretions of these minerals, there were significantly positive correlation between zine intake and copper intake(p<0.05), copper intake and urinary excretion(p<0.001), and iron intake and serum zine level(p<0.05). In the relation between these minerals and serum lipids, dietary zine showed positive correlation with triglyceride(p<0.05), and serum zine/copper ratio showed negative correlation with HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.540-546
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among nutritional status of copper and zinc, serum leptin, and lipids of 99 middle school girls residing in kyunggi-do, Korea. Subjects were divided assigned to one of two groups such as normal (BMI<85 percentile, n=58) and obese (85$\leq$BMI, n=41) groups. Subjects were evaluated based on anthropometric measurements, 24-hr dietary recalls and blood analysis. The mean age was 13.93 years. The mean weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), body fat (p<0.001) of obese were significantly higher then those of normal group. The mean daily energy intake was 94.2% of RDA for Korean. The ratio of energy coming from carbohydrate, fat and protein was 63:24:13. The mean daily intakes of Cu and Zn were 1.4 mg and 7.4 mg (73.7% of RDA), and there were no significant difference between two groups. The mean serum levels of leptin (p<0.001), LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05), triglyceride (p<0.01), TPH (total cholesterol/HDL; p<0.001), LPH (LDL/HDL; p<0.001) and AI (atherogenic index; p<0.001) of obese were significantly higher than those of normal group. The mean serum Cu level of obese was significantly higher than normal group but, the mean serum Zn level of obese was significantly lower than normal group. Serum Cu showed a significantly positive correlations with body weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), body fat (p<0.001), serum leptin, and LPH. However, serum Zn showed a significantly negative correlations with body weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), serum leptin (p<0.001), TPH (p<0.05), and AI (Atherogenic index; p<0.05). To summarize the results, the Zn intakes of middle school girls did not reach to RDA for Koreans. Also, increase of BMI may lead to decrease of serum zinc level and increase of serum copper level, and this change of serum zinc related to the change of serum leptin and serum lipids level in middle school girls during rapid growth.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.66-68
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted investigate the of supplemental Cu and Zn methionine chelates on the performance, nutrient digestibility, serum IgG level, gizzard erosion, and Cu and Zn contents in the liver and excretion of broiler chickens. One thousand hatched broiler chickens (Ross) of one day old were assigned to 4 treatments:control(T1), 100ppm of copper in the from of Cu-methionine chelate(Cu-Met, T2), 100ppm of zinc in the from of Zn-methionine chelate(Zn-Met, T3) and 100ppm of copper plus 100ppm of zinc in the from of methionine chelate(Cu-Zn-Met, T4). Each treatment had four replications of 50 bird each. Weight gain of chicks fed chelated products were significantly higher than that of chicks fed control(P＜0.05).Combination of Cu and Zn chelates(Cu-Zn-Met) tended to show the best growth rate and feed conversion ratio. Nutrient digestibilities were not affected by dietary treatments. Serum IgG level of chicks fed Cu-Zn-Met was significantly higher than that of chicks fed control(P＜0.05). Gizzard erosion index was not significantly different among treatments. Contents of Cu and Zn in liver were not significantly affected by dietary treatments, whereas excretions of these minerals were significantly affected by dietary treatments.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.333-339
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• 2013

This study was conducted to build up the inventories of Pb isotopic compositions of major Pb pollution sources in South Korea. Since non-ferrous metal smelters are one of major anthropogenic sources, two smelters for zinc, each one of smelter for lead and copper were selected for the study. The Pb concentrations and isotopic compositions of metal ores, wastewater, sludge, metal rod and produced sulfuric acid were analysed to understand the Pb isotopic patterns in environment. The isotopic ratio, $^{206}Pb/^{207}Pb$, of zinc ores from zinc smelter were in the range of 1.179~1.198 and the ratio of waste, flue gas and products samples were 1.105~1.147. This results implied that the isotopic patterns of output samples showed mixing patterns between two distinct metal ore soerces. In 2011, major importing countries of zinc ore were Australia, Peru and Mexico. Thus Pb isotopic patterns from zinc smelter is originated from the mixing patterns between less radiogenic Australian ores and more radiogenic South America's ores. Lead smelters also showed the same mixing patterns with those of zinc smelters. However copper smelter showed same Pb isotopic patterns with more radiogenic South America's ores.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.1001-1006
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• 2011

To determine the efficiency of copper (Cu) supplementation, a feeding experiment was carried out with 240 day old broiler chicks (vencobb-100). Birds were divided into four dietary treatments: i) C - no additives, ii) $T_1$-75 mg inclusion of Cu/kg diet, iii) $T_2$-150 mg inclusion of Cu/kg diet, iv) $T_3$-250 mg inclusion of Cu/kg diet. The present study was carried out in the Department of Animal Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India for a period of 42 days (6 weeks). Growth performance was measured in terms of live weight gain, cumulative feed intake and feed conversion ratio at the end of $21^{st}$ and $42^{nd}$ day of the experiment and the result was found to be encouraging for commercial enterprises when the chickens were fed at 150 mg Cu/kg ($T_2$) of their diet. Excess dietary copper more than 150 mg/kg reduced the haemoglobin (Hb) concentration in blood and resulted in the accumulation of copper in the liver with decreased blood Hb concentration and packed cell volumes (PCV). Copper supplementation increased the total erythrocyte count (TEC) as copper is involved in erythropoiesis. But, from the result it is indicated that the dietary copper concentration could not alter the total leukocyte count (TLC). In case of different leucocytes count (DLC), there were no significant differences observed among the different treated groups. Statistical analysis showed significant (p<0.01) difference in plasma concentration of copper, zinc, ferrous and cholesterol among the different copper treated groups. The result indicates that supplementation of copper is an effective way of improving the production performance and haematological parameters in broiler chicken.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.5
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• pp.962-980
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• 2024

Antimicrobial resistance poses challenges to humans and animals, especially to the poultry sector in control of fowl typhoid with antibiotics, leading to increased mortality and food insecurity. Therefore, it is essential to develop more effective medications as alternatives to antibiotics. Currently, zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles are of such significant interest due to their antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles against fowl typhoid in broilers. Ninety broiler chicks were raised under suitable management conditions. On day 10 of age, chicks were divided into six groups: control negative, control positive, T₁, T₂, T₃, and T₄. On day 19 of age, chicks in all groups except control negative were infected with Salmonella gallinarum (0.2 mL, 10⁸ CFU/mL). After appearance of clinical signs, the treatments (Florfenicol; 50 mg/L drinking water [T₁], and zinc oxide + copper oxide nanoparticles; 25 + 10 mg/kg/d [T₂], 37.5 + 15 mg/kg/d [T₃], and 50 + 20 mg/kg/d [T₄]) were administered to chicks. Chicks were sacrificed on 26th and 30th day of age, and samples of blood and tissue were obtained. Hematological analysis with gross and histopathological examination of spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius was performed. Results revealed that there was no visible congestion in spleen and thymus of T₃ and T₄ at 11th day post infection. Antibody level against new castle's disease and lymphoproliferative response showed no significant difference in all groups. However, phagocytic response in nanoparticles treated groups exhibited a notable (p < 0.01) distinction compared to control positive. Notably, T₃ demonstrated the highest level of phagocytic activity. Hematological parameters, including lymphocytes, heterophils, eosinophils, and heterophils/lymphocytes ratio in groups T₂, T₃, and T₄, indicated significant (p < 0.01) difference compared to control positive. However, lymphocytes, heterophils, and heterophils/lymphocytes ratio in groups T₂, T₃, and T₄ showed no significant difference when compared to T₁. Nanoparticle treated groups showed decreased (p < 0.01) congestion of spleen and thymus as compared to control positive. Overall, zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles have potential to serve as an alternative to florfenicol in treatment of fowl typhoid.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.252-263
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• 2006

Zinc is an antioxidant trace mineral, scavenging free radicals and known to be involved in inflammatory reactions. The prevalence of atherogenic diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD) are increasing in Korean adults of middle age and elderly. The increased cell damage from free radicals and inflammation have been implicated in etiology of CHD, and the evidence is accumulating that low zinc status is involved in the prevalence of this inflammatory atherogenic disease. However, little is known about the zinc status of Korean CHD and its relationship with dietary zinc intake and zinc bioavailabilty. In this study the serum zinc levels of male patients with CHD over 40 yrs. were compared with that of healthy adult males and its associations with dietary zinc intake and zinc bioavailabilty affecting factors were examined. Serum zinc level was measured by HANARO research reactor using neutron activation analysis (NAA) method. The overall proportion of patients with zinc deficiency, serum zinc concentrations below $74.0{\mu}g/dL$ was 32.8% compared to the 10.3% in healthy group. The average serum zinc levels were $80.7{\mu}g/dL\;and\;88.3{\mu}g/dL$ in patients and healthy group, respectively, showing significantly low zinc status in CHD patients compared to healthy group. The intake of nutrients such as energy, carbohydrate, iron, and copper of CHD patients was significantly higher compared to that of the healthy group. In addition, the intake of calcium, iron, and protein from vegetable foods was significantly higher in CHD patients than that of healthy group. The dietary zinc intake was $12.7{\pm}4.5mg$ and $11.5{\pm}6.9mg$ in CHD patients and control group, respectively, which showed no difference. The phytate intake of patients group, which is 1389.0 mg, was significantly higher than the control group which showed 1104.8 mg. However, the ratio of phytate: zinc or phytate * calcium. zinc per 1000 kcal energy intake did not show any difference between two groups. The serum zinc levels did not show any correlation with zinc or factors that affect the bioavailability of zinc. The dietary factors influencing the zinc status were not found in CHD patients.