• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1994년도 FIFTH WESTERN PACIFIC REGIONAL ACOUSTICS CONFERENCE SEOUL KOREA
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• pp.1039-1045
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• 1994

The speech recognition systems using VQ have usually the problem decreasing recognition rate, MSVQ assigning the dissimilar vectors to a segment. In this paper, applying One-stage DMS/DP algorithm to the recognition experiments, we can solve these problems to what degree. Recognition experiment is peformed for Korean DDD area names with DMS model of 20 sections and word unit template. We carried out the experiment in speaker dependent and speaker independent, and get a recognition rates of 97.7% and 81.7% respectively.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.621-628
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• 1998

In order to develop an inspection algorithm for an automatic eggshell inspection system, acoustic impulse response with neural network method was studied. An improved error backpropagation algorithm was selected as a loaming rule of neural network, and three layer network was chosen for the neural network architecture. Acoustic signals in time domain and theirs power spectrum were studied as the input to the neural network. The classification feasibility and success rate were investigated in terms of statistical analysis and neural network approach. As a result, the success rate was 95% with the statistical model having five independent variables. Among the neural network models studied, the power spectrum of acoustic signal as the input with 64 input neurons and the two impact data showed the success rate of 95.5% which was slightly higher than of statistical analysis.

• 약학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.169-177
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• 1984

Release characteristics of salicylic acid from ethylcellulose(EC) films containing varying ratio of dieththylphthalate (DEP) were studied. Mathematical analysis of the release data showed that the release behavior actually conforms with the Higuchi's diffusion-controlled model. The release rate constants(k) were independent from the film thickness and the pH of release medium, but were proportional to the concentration of salicylic acid itself. The logarithm of the release rate constant (log k) increased as the concentration of DEP was increased. In conclusion, hydrophobic plastisizer DEP seemed to be very useful in controlling release rate constant of slightly soluble drugs as like salicylic acid without changing it's release characteristics.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.236-245
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• 2021

Purpose: The numeric N stage has replaced the topographic N stage in the current tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging in gastric carcinoma. However, the usefulness of the topographic N stage in the current TNM staging system is uncertain. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the topographic N stage in the current TNM staging system. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the data of 3350 patients with gastric cancer who underwent curative gastrectomy. The anatomic regions of the metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) were classified into 2 groups: perigastric and extra-perigastric. The prognostic value of the anatomic region was analyzed using a multivariate prognostic model with adjustments for the TNM stage. Results: In patients with lymph node metastasis, extra-perigastric metastasis demonstrated significantly worse survival than perigastric metastasis alone (5-year survival rate, 39.6% vs. 73.1%, respectively, P<0.001). Extra-perigastric metastasis demonstrated significantly worse survival within the same pN stage; the multivariate analysis indicated that extra-perigastric metastasis was an independent poor prognostic factor (hazard ratio=1.33; 95% confidence interval=1.01-1.75). The anatomic region of the MLNs improved the goodness-of-fit (likelihood ratio statistics, 4.57; P=0.033) of the prognostic model using the TNM stage. Conclusions: The anatomic region of MLNs has an independent prognostic value in the numeric N stage in the current TNM staging of gastric carcinoma.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.718-726
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to develop and validate secondary models that can predict growth parameters of L. monocytogenes Scott A as a function of concentrations (0-3%) of a commercial potassium lactate (PL) and sodium diacetate (SDA) mixture, pH (5.5-7.0), and temperature (4-37DC). A total of 120 growth curves were fitted to the Baranyi primary model that directly estimates lag time (LT) and specific growth rate (SGR). The effects of the variables on L. monocytogenes Scott A growth kinetics were modeled by response surface analysis using quadratic and cubic polynomial models of the natural logarithm transformation of both LT and SGR. Model performance was evaluated with dependent data and independent data using the prediction bias ($B_f$) and accuracy factors ($A_f$) as well as the acceptable prediction zone method [percentage of relative errors (%RE)]. Comparison of predicted versus observed values of SGR indicated that the cubic model fits better than the quadratic model, particularly at 4 and $10^{\circ}C$. The $B_f$and $A_f$for independent SGR were 1.00 and 1.08 for the cubic model and 1.08 and 1.16 for the quadratic model, respectively. For cubic and quadratic models, the %REs for the independent SGR data were 92.6 and 85.7, respectively. Both quadratic and cubic polynomial models for SGR and LT provided acceptable predictions of L. monocytogenes Scott A growth in the matrix of conditions described in the present study. Model performance can be more accurately evaluated with $B_f$and $A_f$and % RE together.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2018

빈집 연구에 있어 발생 영향 요인 파악은 매우 중요하다. 연구의 목적은 농촌 지역의 빈집 발생에 영향을 주는 요인을 분석하는 것이다. 121개 연구 대상 지역을 설정하고, 8개의 독립변수(노후 주택 비율, 주택 거래 비율, 주택 보급률, 지역 소멸 지수, 순 이동률, 지역 노령화 지수, 인구 대비 종사자수, 재정자립도)와 1개 종속변수(빈집 비율)를 선정하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 일반농산어촌 지역 전체를 대상으로 하는 모형 1과 군 지역을 대상으로 하는 모형 2는 모두 통계적으로 유의미하였으며, 잔차의 독립성에 문제가 없었다. 둘째, 지역 소멸 지수 및 노후 주택 비율의 경우 모형 1과 모형 2에서 모두 통계적으로 유의미한 정(+)의 관계가 있는 것으로 분석되었으며, 셋째, 주택 보급률의 경우, 모형 1에서만 통계적으로 유의미한 정(+)의 관계가 있는 것으로 분석되었고, 주택 거래 비율의 경우, 모형 2에서 통계적으로 유의미한 반(-)의 관계가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 연구의 시사점가 도출되었다. 첫째, 가구 및 인구 증가가 없는 주택 보급률의 상승은 지역 내 빈집의 발생 확률을 높이는 것을 시사하고, 노후 주택 비율이 높을수록 빈집 발생 확률이 높아진다. 둘째, 주택 거래 활성화를 위해서는 지역의 중장기 발전을 위한 투자 유입이 필요하다. 셋째, 지역 소멸 지수는 빈집 비율과 유의미한 관계를 가지므로, 지역의 영속성을 위해 장기적인 시각에서 지역 활성화 정책이 도입되어야 한다.

• 환경생물
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2002

An increase in the overall biological effect under the combined action of ionizing radiation with another inactivating agent can be explained in two ways. One is the supposition that synergism may attribute to a reduced cellular capacity of damn-ge repair after the combined action. The other is the hypothesis that synergism may be related to an additional lethal or potentially lethal damage that arises from the interaction of sublesions induced by both agents. These sublesions ave considered to be in-effective when each agent is applied separately. Based on this hypothesis, a simple mathematical model was established. The model can predict the greatest value of the synergistic effect, and the dependence of synergy on the intensity of agents applied, as well. This paper deals with the model validation and the peculiarity of simultaneous action of various factors with radiation on biological systems such as bacteriophage, bacterial spores, yeast and mammalian cells. The common rules of the synergism aye as follows. (1) For any constant rate of exposure, the synergy can be observed only within a certain temperature range. The temperature range which synergistically increases the effects of radiation is shifted to the lower temperature fer thermosensitive objects. Inside this range, there is a specific temperature that maximizes the synergistic effect. (2) A decrease in the exposure rate results in a decrease of this specific temperature to achieve the greatest synergy and vice versa. For a constant temperature at which the irradiation occurs, synergy can be observed within a certain dose rate range. Inside this range an optimal intensity of the physical agent may be indicated, which maximizes the synergy. As the exposure temperature reduces, the optimal intensity decreases and vice versa. (3) The recovery rate after combined action is decelerated due to an increased number of irreversible damages. The probability of recovery is independent of the exposure temperature for yeast cells irradiated with ionizing or UV radiation. Chemical inhibitors of cell recovery act through the formation of irreversible damage but not via damaging the recovery process itself.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.689-698
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• 2020

The aim of this article is to determine the influence of factors on the capital structure of construction companies listed on the Hanoi Stock Exchange. The data of the article were collected and calculated from the financial statements of 54 construction companies listed on Hanoi Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2019. With the application of E-view software in quantitative analysis to build panel data regression model (panel data), the article has built a regression model to determine the relationship of intrinsic factors affecting the capital structure of construction companies listed on Hanoi Stock Exchange. In the study, dependent variable is capital structure, determined by the debt-to-equity ratio. Profitability, coefficient of solvency, size, loan interest rate, structure of tangible assets, and growth are independent variables. The results showed that the two factors of growth and firm size positively affect the capital structure, the profitability factor has the opposite effect on capital structure. Factors of short-term debt solvency, average loan interest rate and tangible asset structure have no correlation with capital structure. The findings of this article are useful for business administrators, helping business managers make the right financial decisions to make capital structure decisions in their own conditions.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권1C호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2004

본 논문은 주성분분석(PCA, Principle Component Analysis) 혹은 독립성분분석(ICA, Independent Principle Component Analysis)를 이용하여 HMM(Hidden Markov Model) 파라메타의 차수를 감소시킴으로써 MLLR(Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression) 화자 적응 알고리즘을 개선하였다. 데이터의 특징을 잘 나타내는 PCA와 ICA를 통해 모델 mixture component의 상관관계를 줄이고 상대적으로 데이터의 분포가 적은 축을 삭제함으로써 추정해야 하는 적응 파라메타의 수를 줄였다. 기존의 MLLR 알고리즘은 SI(Speaker Independent)모델 보다 좋은 인식성능을 나타내기 위해 30초 이상의 적응 데이터가 요구되었고, 반면 제안한 알고리즘은 적응 파라메타의 수를 감소시킴으로써 10초 이상의 적응데이터가 요구되었다. 또한, 36차의 HMM 파라메타는 기존의 MLLR 알고리즘과 비슷한 인식성능을 나다내는 10차의 주성분이나 독릭성분을 사용함으로써 MLLR 알고리즘에서 적응파라메타를 추정할 때 요구되는 연산량을 1/167로 감소시켰다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2015

The experimental design methodology was applied in the drop tube furnace (DTF) to predict the various combustion properties according to the operating conditions and to assess the coal plant safety. Response surface method (RSM) was introduced as a design of experiment, and the database for RSM was set with the numerical simulation of DTF. The dependent variables such as burnout ratios (BOR) of coal and $CO/CO_2$ ratios were mathematically described as a function of three independent variables (coal particle size, carrier gas flow rate, wall temperature) being modeled by the use of the central composite design (CCD), and evaluated using a second-order polynomial multiple regression model. The prediction of BOR showed a high coefficient of determination (R2) value, thus ensuring a satisfactory adjustment of the second-order polynomial multiple regression model with the simulation data. However, $CO/CO_2$ ratio had a big difference between calculated values and predicted values using conventional RSM, which might be mainly due to the dependent variable increses or decrease very steeply, and hence the second order polynomial cannot follow the rates. To relax the increasing rate of dependent variable, $CO/CO_2$ ratio was taken as common logarithms and worked again with RSM. The application of logarithms in the transformation of dependent variables showed that the accuracy was highly enhanced and predicted the simulation data well.