• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.46.1-46
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• 1996

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 1996

납중독에 대한 마늘의 antidotic effect를 조사하기 위한 4주간의 실험에서 , rat 체중 kg 당 중 (7일간) 1회초산납 100mg을 투여한 rat에 매일 마늘즙을 식이의 4%로 투여한 실험군(LG)과 초산납과 함께 중금속 해독제인 N-acetyl penicillamine을 매일 rat 체중 kg당 100mg 투여한 실험군 (LP)의 체중 증가율 비교에서 초산납만을 투여한 실험군(L)보다 LG군과 LP군 모두 유의성 있는 rat 성장률 개선효과 (각각 +13.3%과 +22.3%)를 보였다. L군 rat의 외관과 해부검사에서는 장기들(위, 간장, 신장)의 병변(damage)이 매우 미미하게 관찰되었으나 혈액검사에서 GOT, alkaline phos-phatase, blood uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, crea-tinine, bilitrubin 값이 유의적을 증가하여 납중독에 의한 장기(organs) 특히 신장 기능의 현저한 장해를 보였다. 그러나 LG군이 이들 측정값이 L군보다 유의성의 차로 낮은 값을 보여 LP군과 거의 비슷한 수준이었다. 특히 L군에서는 Pb 중독으로 인하여 hemo-globin 량이 정상 이하(10.37g/dl)로 감소되었으나 LG군에서는 L군에서와 같이 거의 정산 (12.32g/dl)을 유지하였다. L군의 혈액, 간장 및 신장의 납 합량은 각각 0.281, 0.250, 0.403ppm으로 대조군 보다 매우 높았으나 LG군은 대조군에 가깝게 그리고 LP군과는 거의 같은 수준(각각 0.182, 0.131, 0.253ppm)으로 낮아졌다. 이상의 실험 결과에서 마늘이 rat의 납중독에 미치는 효과를 N-acetyl penicillamine의 해독 효과와 비교할 때 마늘의 해독 효과라고 볼 수 있는 유의성있는 측정값들이 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.583-588
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• 2002

Heavy metals like Mercury and Cadmium cause various kinds of toxicities in the organs of Liver and Kidney. To observe the results of toxicity in the liver, kidney, and serum when the rats were injected subcutaneously with HgCl$_2$ and CdC1$_2$ and sacrificed after 24 hours and 72 hours from the last injection, we measured variation of lipidperoxide values in rat liver homogenate, variation of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in rat serum. Variation of lipidperoxide values in rat kidney homogenate and variation of BUN in rat serum. It was found that Mercury and Cadmium administered subcutaneously to the skin in the air could cause the damages of liver and kidney.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 1972

Fluorides were supposed to exert a stimulatory action on the catecholamine release. In this study, the authors attempted to investigate the action of sodium fluoride on the catecholamine release from the isolated perfused cow adrenal gland and rat heart. And also the inhibitory effect of sodium fluoride on the monoamine oxidase activity in rat heart and liver mitochondria was investigated. The monoamine oxidase activity was measured by the conversion of benzylamine to benzaldehyde. The results obtained were follows; 1. Sodium fluoride stimulated the release of catecholamine from the isolated perfused cow adrenal gland and rat heart. 2. Sodium fluoride inhibited the rat heart and liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 1996

In order to study effects of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) saponin fraction on polyamine metabolism in rat organs, Korean ginseng saponin fraction was administrated to rats for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 months and brain, liver, prostate, spleen and testis were removed from these rats. Two enzyme activities were measured from those organs; ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which is a regulatory enzyme of putrescence biosynthesis and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), which is also a regulatory enzyme of spermidine and spermine biosynthesis. The amounts of polyamine were also determined. As for prostate and testis organs, Korean ginseng saponin fraction was innocuous for ODC and SAMDC activities from rats fed for 1 and 2 months. However, after 3 months, the stimulatory effect on the activities of two enzyme gradually increased in test groups and reached its maximum in 12 months. The contents of spermidine and spermlne of test groups in prostate and testis were also much higher than those of control groups. Another stimulatory effect on the activities of two enzymes was observed in liver and reached its maximum in 6 months. In the other organs such as brain and spleen, the enzymes were turned out to be not affected by feeding Korean ginseng saponin fraction. From the cumulative results, the stimulatory effect of Korean ginseng saponin fraction on polyamine metabolism was observed in prostate, testis and liver.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.129-130
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• 1994

The science of toxicology is the understanding of the mechanisms by which exogenous agents produce deleterious effects in biological systems. The actions of chemicals such as drugs are ultimately exerted at the cellular and gene levels. Over the past decade. several in vitro alternative methods such as cultured cells for assessing the toxicity of various xenobiotics have been proposed to reduce the use of animals. In this workshop three advanced methods will be presented. These methods are novel important models for toxicologic studies. Dr. Tabuchis group has establishcd two immortalized gastric surface mucosa cell lines from the pminary cultore of gastric fundic mucosal cells of adult transgenic mice harboring a temperature sensitive simian virus 40 large T-anugen gene. As the immortalized cell lines of various tissues possess unique characteristics to maintain their normal functions for several months, these cell lines are extremely useful for not only toxicity testing but also pharmacological screening in new drug development. Professor Funatsu have studied the formation of spherical multicelluar aggregates of adult rat hepatocytes(spheroid) having tissue like structure. The sphcroid shown thre is a prototype module of an artificial liver support system. Thus, the urea synthesis activity of the artificial liver was maintained at least to days in 100％ rat blood plasma. Dr. Takezawa and his coworkers have developed a novel culture system of multicellular spheroids considered 〃organoids〃 by utilizing a thermo-responsive polymer as a substratum of anchorage dependent cells. His final goal is to reconstitute the organoids of various normal organs, e.g., liver, skin etc. and also abnormal deseased organs such as tumor.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.223-226
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• 1985

0.1%-Merthiolate solutions were applied to rats with or without sodium selenite. Rat organs were excised under ether anesthesia. Mercury contents in rat tissues were determined by quartz tube combustion gold amalgamation method. Mercury contents were accumulated at about 3-fold in the brain, 143-fold in the kidney, 62-fold in the blood cell, 22-fold in the liver than those of untreated rats respectively, on the 1st day after application of mert iolate for 7 days. On the other hand, the addition of sodium selenite caused a shift in the tissue mercury distribution. Our study showed that simultaneous administration of sodium selenite increased the accumulation of mercury in the brain, but became to decrease it after 9 days, while decreased it in the kidney, but grew to increase it, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.63-67
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• 2012

Spaceflight induces a number of cardiovascular physiological alterations. To study adaptations to microgravity on Earth, the tail-suspended, hindlimb-unloaded rat model has been used to simulate the effects of microgravity. Despite the extensive use of this model to infer physiological adaptations of many organs to microgravity, little information has been obtained on the effect of tail suspension(TS) on cardiac adaptations in the rat. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of simulated microgravity on the rat myocardium using the TS model. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups(1, 7 and 14 days of TS) and a control group. A microscopic examination was performed to assess histopathological changes in the myocardial morphology. The hearts from the control group, the 1 day-TS rats and the 7 day-TS rats revealed no evident abnormalities in cardiomyocyte size and morphology. At day 14 of TS, in contrast, the ventricular cardiomyocytes appeared more separated from each other and were slightly smaller in size compared with those of the control group. Also seen were scattered areas exhibiting focal disorganization of muscle fibers and some degenerating cardiomyocytes, of which the nuclei had become pyknotic or disappeared. In this study, we demonstrated that the ventricular cardiomyocytes underwent degeneration and atrophy at the microscopic level during exposure to simulated microgravity in TS rats.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.149-157
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• 1985

The HCL hydrolyzate of the non-histone protein fractionated from the rat liver nuclei which have been incubated inthe presence of S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-$^{14}C$ ]-methionine shows at least four unidentified radioactive peaks on a basic amino acid analysis chromatogram. One of these unknown compounds (designated as compound 3) is also formed by the rat liver homogenated with the exogenous addition of an appropriate protein substrate. Since boiled rat liver homogenate or fresh homogenate in the absence of an exogenous protein substrate failed to form compound 3, its formation can be considered to be enzyme-catalyzed. The enzyme which yields compound 3 shows a preference of protein substrate in the order of reductively methylated hemoglobin > native > histone type II-A. The rat enzyme is nuclear in location associated with chromatin, and exhibits the highest activity in the liver among various rat organs. A compound 3-forming enzyme is also present in Neurospora crassa, since endogenous formation of the compound 3 can be demonstrated with the crude extract of this mold. The chemical identity of compound 3 is not yet known. However, it resisted to the following treatments; 6 N HCL and 0.1 N Na NaOH hydrolysis at $110^{\circ}C$, OR L-amino acid oxidase.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 1970

These experiments were designed to study the influence of protein undernutrition during lactation period(3 wks) or after-weaning period(8 wks) on growth of organs, and on brain and liver composition of the experimental rats. The following experimental groups were studied. Group No. Rats Lactation(3 wks) (Diet of mother rat) After-weaning period(8wks) Rehabilitation Period(17wks) I 8 25% Casein diet 25% Casein diet 25% Casein diet II 8 12% Casein diet 25% Casein diet 25% Casein diet III 8 25% Casein diet 5% Casein diet 25% Casein diet IV 8 12% Casein diet 5% Casein diet 25% Casein diet After the perriod of rehabilitation(17 wks) with 25% casein diet, the following results were obtained. 1. Most of the organs except the spleen could not catch up with the normal group in their weights for the group of protein undernutrition during lactation(3 wks), even after 17 weeks of rehabilitation. For the group of protein undernutrition during after-weaning period(8 wks) brain, lung, heart, spleen and pancreas could catch up with the normal group after rehabilitation. According to this result it is assumed that the growth of brain, lung, heart and pancreas might be developed mostly during lactation and that the growth of liver and kidney might be developed after-weaning period continuously. 2. For the groups of protein underuntrition during lactation period or after-weaning period the amounts of total lipid, cholesterol and phospholipid of brain were lower than those of normal group. Especially, cholesterol level was significantly lower than normal group. And there was also a significant difference in the phospholipid level of the after-weaning(8 wks) deprivation group. 3. The groups of protein undernutrition during lactation or after-weaning period(8 wks) showed lower level of liver nitrogen and higher level of liver fat. Especially, protein undernutriton during lactation gave a greater influence on the lever of liver fat.