• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1330-1336
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the motor activity and glucose transport and metabolism of Gaewool-Whadam-Jian(GWJ) in rat gastro-intestinal tract. The motor activity of the rat gastro-intestinal tract has been investigated by means of measuring barium sulfate passage degrees. Atropine treatment significantly delayed barium sulfate transit, and GWJ pretreatment increased intestinal motor activity, but not significant. GWJ administration showed no toxicity to kidney and liver. Transport and metabolism of glucose were studied in everted sac of rat small intestine with incubation under several conditions. The transport and metabolism of glucose were greater at jejunum than ileum. So, everted jejunum of rat were used to study the effect of GWJ. When GWJ were treated, the concentration of glucose were higher than untreated group. This result was thought to be influenced by the glucose in GWJ. When 2, 4 dinitrophenol and phlorizin were treated, the transport and metabolism of glucose were decreased, but GWJ treated together, the concentration of glucose in serosal solution increased. Gastric juice secretion and total acidity significantly decreased by administration of GWJ through duodenum region. The mechanism of effect of GWJ was still unidentified, Dut through continuous investigation, the effect of GWJ should be investigated.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.277-287
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• 2002

The chemopreventive effects of ginseng on rat carcinogenesis models were investigated, In the present study, the inhibitory effects of white and red ginseng on tumor development were examined using medium-term liver, initiation and medium-term multi-organ carcinogenicity bioassay systems. No modifying potential of the ginsengs was evident in terms of the numbers or areas of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST -P)-positive foci, which is a marker of preneoplastic lesion in rat livers. However, white ginseng, but not red ginseng was found to decrease the incidences of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine and colon in the medium-term multi-organ carcinogenesis model. These results indicate that white ginseng may have inhibitory effects on progression stage of rat intestinal carcinogenesis, but the influence is not strong. Ginseng is unlikely to have promoting or inhibitory effects in other organs under the present type of experimental conditions. Possible application on ginseng for chemoprevention of colon cancer in humans, can be concluded given the lack of obvious adverse effects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.15-15
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• 2001

In the present study, we examined the chemopreventive effects of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a constituent of cruciferous vegetables (the Family of Cruciferae) such as cabbages, cauliflowers and broccoli on multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) genetic mouse model and on mouse colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane (AOM) as well as on rat mammary carcinogenesis induced by 7, 12-dimethybenz［$\alpha$］anthracene (DMBA).(omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.58-58
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• 2001

In the present study, we examined the chemopreventive effects of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a constituent of cruciferous vegetables (the Family of Cruciferae) such as cabbages, cauliflowers and broccoli on multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) genetic mouse model and on mouse colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane (AOM) as well as on rat mammary carcinogenesis induced by 7, 12-dimethybenz［$\alpha$］anthracene (DMBA).(omitted)

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.924-928
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• 2006

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of Zusanli(ST 36) electro-acupuncture(EA) on the small intestinal motility in rat. The motor activity of the rat small intestine was evaluated by intestinal transfortation rate. Changes in the motility in vivo of ileum was measured before and 10 minutes after acupuncture. In order to examine whether EA effect was affected by stimulated duration and left or right sides of ST36 acupoint, both of the difference effects of left or right sides on acupoints of ST 36 and the stimulated duration of 10, 20, 30 min. were investigated on the motility in vivo of ileum. These results suggest that effect of Zusanli(ST36) for increasing the small intestinal motility should stimulate more than 20 minutes, left ST36 EA has stronger effect than right ST36 EA.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.975-981
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to observe the effect of moxibustion at matched acupoints of ST36, ST37 and ST39 in rats with sex and age. This study measured small intestinal motility in rats. First, cauterize with moxa was applied to the ST36, ST37 and ST39 in rats classified by sex and age under enflurane anesthesia. And then same treatment is done to matched acupoints of ST36, ST37 and ST39. In each groups of ST36, ST37 and ST39, the small intestinal motility was increased in 5, 6, 8 weeks male and 5 weeks female rats at ST36, 6, 7 weeks male and 5, 6, 8 weeks female rats at ST37, 5, 6 weeks male and 5 weeks female rats at ST39. In matched acupoints, the small intestinal motility was increased in 5, 8 weeks male and 5, 6, 7, 8 weeks female rat at ST36+ST37, 5 weeks male and 6, 7, 8 weeks female rats at ST36+ST39, 5, 7 weeks male and 5, 8 weeks female rats at ST37+ST39. The effects of moxibustion at each acupoints decreased by advancing age and when these acupoints were combined, the effective results were shown in female rats of all age group. These results suggest that when each acupoints and matched acupoints was chosen in moxibustion treatment, the sex and age of individual is worth consideration.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.339-347
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• 2019

Saururus chinensis (SC) belongs to the dicotyledonous plants, and its roots, leaves and flowers are white, so it is named three hundred and seconds. It is mainly distributed in Korea, China and Japan. In Korea, it is a native plant distributed in Jejudo and Jirisan areas. It has been known to improve blood circulation, anticarcinogenic effects and purge. However, studies of the efficacy on digestive system is few. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of oral administered-SC extract in loperimide-induced constipation rats. The amount, weight and water content of the stools were measured. The number and type of stools in the large intestines were measured, and the amount of intestinal mucus was analyzed by serological analysis and histologic special staining. The severity of constipation in SC groups was significantly less than that in control group (non-SC rats). Digital Image processing also showed weaker inflammation on the large intestines of SC groups than that of control group (non-SC group). Especially, with increased dose dependent manner of SC extract, the amount and integrity of intestinal mucus increased. These results suggest that SC extract may prevent the symptoms of constipation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.748-754
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• 2007

Electroacupuncture is the combined treatment of mechanical and electric stimuli on the needle head, on which electricity runs after acupuncturing at the acupuncture points. It is reported that its treatment effect depends on the parameter of stimulus, which is wave of stimulus, frequency, voltage, and duration of electric current. To get the effective treatment, stimulus intensity over threshold is needed. We planned to experiment whether acupuncture effect is affected by sex, age, and weight. After we conducted electric stimulus at Zusanli(ST 36) which is known to increase small intestinal motility in normal rats, we observed the effects and got the following results. Though the increased effects of small intestinal motility of electro-acupuncture at Zusanli(ST 36) did not show the difference of sex, this effect was observed to have a tendency to decrease according to weight increase without distinction of sex. But the effect of electro-acupuncture shown in 4, 5, 7 weeks old without distinction of sex was observed to have a tendency to decrease with the growing of weeks-old in the male rat group. And the significant change without specific tendency was observed in the 4, 5 weeks old female rat group. This result suggested that sex, weight, and age should be considered to get the efficient electro-acupuncture. The more experimental study should be advanced to investigate the correlation between the factors that can affect the acupuncture treatment, and, afterward, the interconnection into the clinical use.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2010

Purpose : The aim of this study was to develop a model for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in the neonatal rat using endotoxin and hypoxia, a plausible insult in a neonatal intensive care and to investigate the role of apoptosis as the underlying mechanism. Methods : Newborn rats were given oral endotoxin and intermittent 8% hypoxia$\pm$caspase inhibitor. The intestinal histology was evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Apoptosis was analyzed with TUNEL staining and by measuring the caspase 3 activity in the intestinal lysates. IEC-6 cells were assessed for apoptosis and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Fas and FasL was measured after treatment with endotoxin and hypoxia. Results : Oral endotoxin (5 mg/kg) and exposure to 8% hypoxia of 60-min duration twice induced human NEC-like lesions in the rat intestine. Intestinal tissue revealed increased apoptosis and caspase-3 activity. After caspase inhibitor treatment, the grades of both apoptosis and NEC were significantly reduced. IEC-6 cells exhibited increased apoptosis and caspase 3 activity after endotoxin and hypoxia treatment and significantly increased Bax/Bcl- 2 ratio compared to control cells. Conclusion : This neonatal rat model of NEC which was induced by oral endotoxin and intermittent hypoxia showed increased apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells that was mediated by caspase 3 activation. Our model has a advantage in the study of NEC because the use of much more clinically plausible insults may provide a suitable model for the investigation of its pathophysiology and therapeutic trials.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1549-1554
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• 2007

To verify the effects of JAUN-1, which is a water-extracted herbal mixture, on gastroenteric disorders induced by 0.1 percent of iodoacetamide (IA) in rats. We divided four groups, $Na{\"{\i}}ve$ + Distilled Water (DW), 0.1% IA + DW, 0.1% IA + Proton pump inhibitor (Lansoprazole, 5 mg/kg) and 0.1% IA + Herbal mixture (JAUN-1, 50mg/kg) and performed following experimental methods to confirm its advantageous effects against ulcerogenic stomach in rats induced by 0.1% IA; cell cytotoxicity, analysis of lesions score, Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) stain, RT-PCR for ${\beta}-actin$, COX-1 and COX-2 and evaluation of intestinal prokinetic activity. No cytotoxicity was elucidated at the concentration of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ and 1mg/ml JAUN-1 through MTT Assay using by human stomach epithelial AGS cells, respectively. In addition, the JAUN-1 treated group and the lansoprazole treated group significantly decreased in lesions score compared to the DW treated group in the gastritis induced rat model, and results of immunohistochemistry by H&E staining showed that histological recovery in Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) and JAUN-1 treated groups rather than the DW administrated group. Another outcome was that ${\beta}-actin$ relative COX-2 expression level was significantly promoted in the DW treated group while ${\beta}-actin$ relative COX-1 expression level was no meaningful change in this rat model. Finally, intestinal prokinetic activity was recovered from low level of prokinetic activity due to 0.1% IA induced gastritis to the similar level of Normal group. These results suggested that JAUN-1 may have beneficial effects against 0.1% IA-induced gastritis rat model through decreasing lesions score, histological recovery, ${\beta}-actin$ relative COX-1, 2 expression level and prokinetic activity.