• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.604-612
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• 1996

To improve the fermentation characteristics of the haploid starch-fermenting recombinant yeast strain K114/YIpMS$\Delta$R(LEU2/URA3) secreting both $\alpha$-amylase and glucoamylase was rare-mated with polyploid industrial yeast Saccharomyces sp. K35. The K35 strain had good fermentation-characteristics such as ethanol-tolerance, high temperature and sugar-tolerance, and high fermentation rate. Among the resulting 66 hybrids, the best strain RH51 was selected. The RH51 exhibited amylolytic activity of K114/YIpMS$\Delta$R(LEU2/URA3) as well as ethanol and sugar tolerance of K35. The optimum temperature of hybrid RH51 for starch fermentation was 34$\circ$C which was same as that of K35 but different from that (30$\circ$C) of K114/YIpMS$\Delta$R(LEU2/URA3). The optimum pH was 5.0. The optimum size of inoculum was 2% as the pellet (w/v) of yeast cells. The hybrid strain RH51 produced 7.0% ethanol (w/v) from 20% (w/v) soluble starch while K35 formed almost no ethanol, 0.3% (w/v). RH51 strain produced 7.5% (w/v) ethanol after 8 days in a 2.5 l fermenter containing 800 ml of 20% (w/v) soluble starch. The residual starch content in the fermentation medium was 1.68% (w/v), and therefore almost all the starch was fermented completely.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.255-265
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• 2012

The objectives of this study were to investigate MC1R genotype, coat color, and muzzle phenotype variationsin the Korean native brindle cattle (KNBC) maintaining family lines and to establish the mating system for increased brindle coat color appearance. KNBC with genotype and phenotype records were selected as experimental animals. The relationship between melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) genotypes, verified by PCR-RFLP, and brindle coat color appearance was determined. Fragments of the MC1R gene amplified by PCR were digested with MspI and RFLP was determined. KNBC had $E^+E^+$, $E^+e$, and ee genotypes. The $E^+e$ genotype was most common with 65%, compared to $E^+E^+$ (33.33%), or ee (1.67%). When the sire had $E^+e$ genotype and the dam had $E^+E^+$ genotype, and both of them had the whole body-brindle coat color, all of their offspring (4/4) had whole body-brindle coat color. When the sire had $E^+E^+$ genotype and the dam had $E^+e$ genotype, and both had whole body-brindle coat color, 44.44% (4/9) of the offspring had whole body-brindle coat color. The mating between the sires and dams with these two genotypes with whole body-brindle coat color may have the highest whole body-brindle coat color appearance in their offspring. Muzzle grades 3 or 4 were more common than other muzzle grades. This is the first report indicating the segregation of MC1R genotypes and the inheritance of coat color through family lines in KNBC. The mating system proposed from this study may increase the possibility of brindle coat color appearance in KNBC.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.619-627
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• 2013

Deutzia paniculata Nakai is a Korean endemic species that has a very restricted distribution in Gyeongsang-do, South Korea. The genetic diversity and structure of five populations of D. paniculata were investigated using 31 ISSR loci from six primers. The Shannon's index (0.429) and genetic diversity (0.271) were relatively higher than those of other rare plant species in Korea. The Miryang (MY) and Yangsan (YS) populations, which have higher flowering rates than the other populations, showed greater genetic diversity than the other populations. An analysis of the molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 16% of the total variation could be attributed to differences among the populations, and 84% to the differences within populations, indicating moderate gene flow among adjacent populations. The high genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation in the Deutzia paniculata populations, which have a restricted distribution, is considered to be affected by outcrossing of the mating system and abundant individuals in the populations. These results suggest that ex situ conservation strategies are needed to sustain the current genetic diversity of D. paniculata.