• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.7-17
• /
• 2017

In Chinese Design Codes, for super high-rise buildings with complex structural distribution, which are regarded as code-exceeding buildings, elasto-plastic time history analysis is needed to validate the requirement of "no collapse under rare earthquake". In this paper, a 117-story super high-rise building is discussed. It has a height of 597 m and a height-width ratio of 9.5, which have both exceeded the limitations stipulated by the Chinese Design Codes. Mega columns adopted in this structure have cross section area of about $45m^2$ at the bottom, which is infrequent in practical projects. NosaCAD and Perform-3D, both widely used in nonlinear analyses, were chosen in this study, with which two model were established and analyzed, respectively. Elasto-plastic time history analysis was conducted to look into its seismic behavior, emphasizing on the stress state and deformation abilities under intensive seismic excitation.From the comparisons on the results under rare earthquake obtained from NosaCAD and Perform-3D, the overall responses such as roof displacement, inter story drift, base shear and damage pattern of the whole structure from each software show agreement to an extent. Besides, the deformation of the structure is below the limitation of the Chinese Codes, the time sequence and distribution of damages on core tubes are reasonable, and can dissipate certain inputted energy, which indicates that the structure can meet the requirement of "no collapse under rare earthquake".

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.616-620
• /
• 2009

Modern wind turbines have been mainly erected in region where earthquake are rare or normally weak, especially Korea was thought as safety zone from earthquake. But recently, the earthquake occurs more and more frequently. So, the wind turbine design is required the structural and functional stability under the earthquake. The earthquake can influence normal operation, even if a weak earthquake. There are two ways to review the design under earthquake using Computer Applied Engineering (CAE). One is the Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA) the other is Time History Analysis (THA). In this research, dynamic response on time is obtained under the earthquake by taking into account ground accelerogram consistent with the relevant standards applied to the turbine foundation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제91권4호
• /
• pp.369-382
• /
• 2024

The earthquake loss assessment framework of ductile reinforced concrete (or RC) frame using component-performance -based methodology was studied in this paper. The elasto-plastic rotation angle was used as the damage indicator of structural component, and the damage-to-loss model was proposed on the basis of the deformation indicator of structural component. Dynamic instability during incremental dynamic analysis was taken as collapse criterion, and column failure was taken as criterion that structure has to be demolished. Expected earthquake losses of low-rise, mid-rise and high-rise RC frames were discussed. The expected earthquake loss encompassed collapse loss, demolition loss and repair loss. Furthermore, component groups of RC frame were divided into structural components, nonstructural components and rugged components. The results indicate that ductile RC frame is more likely to be demolished than collapse, especially in low-rise and mid-rise RC frames. Furthermore, the less collapse margin ratio the structure has, the more demolition probability the structure will suffer under rare earthquake. The demolition share of total earthquake loss might be more prominent than repair share and collapse share in ductile RC frame.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제67권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2018

Shake table tests performed on five 1:3 reduced scale two story RC moment resisting frames having construction defects, have shown severe joint damageability in deficient RC frames, resulting in joint panels' cover spalling and core concrete crushing. Haunch retrofitting technique was adopted herein to upgrade the seismic resistance of the deficient RC frames. Additional four deficient RC frames were built and retrofitted with steel haunch; both axially stiffer and deformable with energy dissipation, fixed to the beam-column connections to reduce shear demand on joint panels. The as-built and retrofitted frames' seismic response parameters are calculated and compared to evaluate the viability of haunch retrofitting technique. The haunch retrofitting technique increased the lateral stiffness and strength of the structure, resulting in the increase of structure's overstrength. The retrofitting increased response modification factor R by 60% to 100%. Further, the input excitation PGA was correlated with the lateral roof displacement to derive structure response curve that have shown significant resistance of retrofitted models against input excitations. The technique can significantly enhance the seismic performance of deficient RC frames, particularly against the frequent and rare earthquake events, hence, promising for seismic risk mitigation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.153-184
• /
• 2015

Most damaging earthquakes come as complex sequences characterized by strong aftershocks, sometimes by foreshocks and often by multiple mainshocks. Complex earthquake sequences have enormous seismic hazard, engineering and societal implications as their impact on buildings and infrastructures may be much more severe at the end of the sequence than just after the mainshock. In this paper we examine whether historical sources can help characterizing the rare earthquake sequences of pre-instrumental times in full, including fore-, main- and aftershocks. Thanks to the its huge documentary heritage, Italy relies on one of the richest parametric earthquake catalogues worldwide. Unfortunately most current methods for assessing seismic hazard require that earthquake catalogues be declustered by removing all shocks that bear some dependency with those identified as mainshocks. We maintain that this requirement has led most modern historical seismologists to focus mainly on mainshocks rather than also on the fore- and aftershocks. To shed light onto major earthquake sequences of the past, rather than onto individual mainshocks, we investigated 10 damaging earthquake sequences ($M_w$ 4.7-7.0) that hit the L'Aquila area and central Abruzzo from the 14th to the 20th century. We find that most of the results of historical research are important for modern seismology, yet their rendering by the current parametric catalogues causes most information to be lost or not easily transferred to the potential users. For this reason we advocate a change in current strategies and the creation of a more flexible standard for storing and using all the information made available by historical seismology.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.297-313
• /
• 2007

A preliminary performance-based seismic design methodology is proposed. The top yield displacement of the system is computed from these of the components, which are assumed constant. Besides, a simple procedure to evaluate the top yield displacement of frames is developed. Seismic demands are represented in the form of yield point spectra. The methodology is general, conceptually transparent, uses simple calculations based on first principles and is applicable to asymmetric systems. To consider a specific situation two earthquake levels, occasional and rare are considered. The advantage of an arbitrary assignment of strength to the different components to reduce eccentricities and improved the torsional response of the system is addressed. The methodology is applied to an asymmetric five story building, and the results are verified by push-over analysis and non linear dynamic analysis.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
• /
• 제1권3호
• /
• pp.203-209
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to present the state of practice being used in the Philippines for the performance-based seismic design of reinforced concrete tall buildings. Initially, the overall methodology follows "An Alternative Procedure for Seismic Analysis and Design of Tall Buildings Located in the Los Angeles Region, 2008", which was developed by Los Angeles Tall Buildings Structural Design Council. After 2010, the design procedure follows "Tall Buildings Initiative, Guidelines for Performance-Based Seismic Design of Tall Buildings, 2010" developed by Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER). After the completion of preliminary design in accordance with code-based design procedures, the performance of the building is checked for serviceable behaviour for frequent earthquakes (50% probability of exceedance in 30 years, i.e,, with 43-year return period) and very low probability of collapse under extremely rare earthquakes (2% of probability of exceedance in 50 years, i.e., 2475-year return period). In the analysis, finite element models with various complexity and refinements are used in different types of analyses using, linear-static, multi-mode pushover, and nonlinear-dynamic analyses, as appropriate. Site-specific seismic input ground motions are used to check the level of performance under the potential hazard, which is likely to be experienced. Sample project conducted using performance-based seismic design procedures is also briefly presented.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2014

The use of Buckling Restrained Braces (BRB) for enhancing the performance of the buildings is gaining wider acceptance. This paper presents the first application of these devices in a major high-rise building in the Philippines. A 50-storey residential reinforced concrete building tower, with ductile core wall, with BRB system is investigated. The detailed modeling and design procedure of buckling restrained brace system is presented for the optimal design against the two distinct levels of earthquake ground motions; serviceable behavior for frequent earthquakes and very low probability of collapse under extremely rare earthquakes. The stiffness and strength of the buckling restrained brace system are adjusted to optimize the performance of the structural system under different levels of earthquakes. Response spectrum analysis is conducted for Design Basis Earthquake level and Service level, while nonlinear time history analysis is performed for the most credible earthquake. The case study results show the effectiveness of buckling restrained braces.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.269-283
• /
• 2024

When a reinforced concrete (RC) structure is exposed to a corrosive environment for an extended period of time, the material qualities deteriorate, resulting in a loss in seismic performance. Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) have been used to reinforce the corroded RC structure, which can achieve reinforcement effectiveness for a small change in cross-section size. In this work, finite element models of unjacketed RC pier and ECC jacketed pier were established and verified by experimental tests, with the buckling effect of longitudinal reinforcement considered. Compared with the unjacketed pier, the displacement of the pier top of the ECC jacketed pier was reduced by about 9.52% under earthquake action. In the case of moderate and major earthquakes, the probability of exceedance of ECC jacketed pier is significantly reduced. For the case of rare earthquake loading, with the ECC jacket, the e of the pier experiencing serious damage and complete damage states is reduced by 10.29% and 29.78%, respectively.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제55권4호
• /
• pp.421-428
• /
• 2022

본 연구는 2022년 발표한 한국의 제6회 과학기술예측조사와 2019년 발표한 최신의 일본 과학기술예측조사 결과에 주목하여 최근 지질자원 분야에서 국가·사회적으로 높은 기대를 받고 있는 지진재해와 우주이용에 관한 미래기술을 분석하였다. 한국의 2022년 발표한 지진재해 관련 미래기술은 2017년 제시한 지진 예측 및 조기경보 기술 형태와 달리 지진·복합재난 정보기술과 공공데이터 플랫폼으로 제시되었고, 건물·도시의 재난대응 생활밀착 로봇에 적용하는 형태로 제시되었다. 일본 2019년 과학기술예측조사에서는 한국의 3배 수준의 많은 미래기술이 제시되었으며, 지진재해 기술 또한 대규모 지진 예측, 지층 주입에 따른 유발 지진 예측, 전국 액상화 위험 규명, 규모 광역 응력 측정, 사물인터넷(IoT) 혹은 인공지능 관측 영상 분석에 의한 지진 재해 감시·예측 등 상세 기술이 제시되었다. 최신 한국과 일본의 과학기술예측조사의 우주이용 기술은 물/얼음, 헬륨-3, 희토류 금속 등의 자원을 채굴하는 로봇 기술과 달·화성에서 현지자원을 활용한 유인기지 기술 형태로 더욱 구체화되었다. 일본의 기술적 실현시기를 비교해 보면 2019년에 예측한 실현시기가 2015년의 조사결과보다 4~10년 정도 지연되었다. 2019년 이후에도 코로나19 전염병 상황, 2020년 한국과 일본의 탄소중립 선언, 2022년 러시아-우크라이나 전쟁 등 환경변화에 따라 한국과 일본의 미래기술 실현시기의 예측 결과의 불확실성이 더 커질 수 있다. 하지만 앞으로 지질자원 분야에서 정보기술과 연계한 지진재해 및 우주이용 기술에 대한 더욱더 활발한 연구개발이 요구된다.