• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.468-480
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• 2015

The FTA between South Korea and China has been concluded in 2014. This means that there is high possibility of the economic integration in Northeast Asia. China's rapid growth has led the global economy, and the Northeast Asia has been attracting attention as the main market. Although the South Korean government cannot help continuing the overseas market-oriented policies, South Korea's construction orders in the Northeast Asia are insignificant, and their profitability is still low. It is time for South Korean construction industry to promote qualitative growth instead of quantitative growth. South Korean construction industry have to focus more on quality management to produce high-quality construction output. In order to support South Korean construction industry, Korean government needs to provide more advanced national quality management system. Therefore, this study compares national quality management systems in South Korea, Japan, and China, and suggests the direction of the South Korean national quality management system reform. In addition, another objective of this study is to confirm the importance of an ISO9001 based quality management system as a basis of the economic integration in Northeast Asia.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.309-314
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• 1997

The electrical properties of thick PZT films deposited on Ag-Pd/$Al_2O_3$ and Pt electrodes were carefully investigated according to the annealing methods and the sub-strates. For electrical properties measurements, silver was deposited on PZT films as top electrode. The crystallogaphic structure of the films was examined by standard X-ray diffraction method to determine which crystalline phase was present. Dielctric constant was measured at 1 kHz, 10 mV by using a HP4284A. The electrical properties of PZT films with 3 wt% PbO addition were not improved. It was also found that the Ag-Pd layer has a good possibility as electrode instead of Pt. It seems clear from the present experiments that the thick PZT films having the good electrical properties can certainly be obtained using spin on technique combined with rapid thermal annealing.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.269-274
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• 2016

The potency of influenza vaccine is determined based on its hemagglutinin (HA) content. In general, single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assay has been utilized as the standard method to measure HA content. However, preparation of reagents for SRID such as antigen and antibody takes approximately 2~3 months, which causes delays in the development of influenza vaccine. Therefore, quantification of HA content by other alternative methods is required. In this study, we measured HA contents of H1N1 antigen and H1N1 influenza vaccine by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) methods. The presence of HA1 and HA2 was investigated by silver staining and Western blot assay. In addition, accuracy and repeatability of HA measurement by RP-HPLC were evaluated. Comparison of HA concentration by SRID and RP-HPLC revealed a precise correlation between the two methods. Our results suggest that RP-HPLC assay can replace SRID in the event of a pandemic flu outbreak for rapid vaccine development.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.267-272
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• 2015

Nacre seashell is a natural osteoinductive biomaterial with strong effects on osteoprogenitors, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts during bone tissue formation and morphogenesis. Although nacre has shown, in one study, to induce bridging of new bone across large non-union bone defects in 8 individual human patients, there have been no succeeding human surgical studies to confirm this outstanding potency. But the molecular mechanisms associated with nacre osteoinduction and the influence on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC's), skeletal stem cells or bone marrow stromal cells remain elusive. In this study we highlight the phenotypic and biochemical effects of Pinctada maxima nacre chips and the global nacre soluble protein matrix (SPM) on primary human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (hBMSCs) in vitro. In static co-culture with nacre chips, the hBMSCs secreted Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at levels that exceeded bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) treatment. Concentrated preparation of SPM applied to Stro-1 selected hBMSC's led to rapid ALP secretions, at concentrations exceeding the untreated controls even in osteogenic conditions. Within 21 days the same population of Stro-1 selected hBMSCs proliferated and secreted collagens I-IV, indicating the premature onset of an osteoblast phenotype. The same SPM was found to promote unselected hBMSC differentiation with osteocalcin detected at 7 days, and proliferation increased at 7 days in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, nacre particles and nacre SPM induced the early stages of human bone cell differentiation, indicating that they may be promising soluble factors with osteoinductive capacity in primary human bone cell progenitors such as, hBMSC's.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.220-229
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• 1992

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of the dog unpregant uterus were characterized using $[^3H]quinuclidinyl$ benzilate(QNB) as a radioligand and the binding of muscarinic receptor agonists and antagonists in the uterus was compared to that in the urinary bladder which contains almost exclusively the M2 receptors in order to determine the receptor subtypes in the uterus. $[^3H]QNB$ binding to uterus and bladder was rapid, saturable and reversible. Scatchard analysis of the saturation data gave linear plots and the Hill coefficients were close to unit, which indicated that each preparation contained a single population of specific binding sites for $[^3H]QNB$. The KD values(120 pM) for QNB were almost identical in both organs, whereas the $B_{max}$ value of 256 fmol/mg protein in the uterus was significantly different from that of 563 fmol/mg protein in the bladder. Muscarinic agonists and antagonists inhibited in a competitive manner the $[^3H]QNB$ binding to the same extent in both organs. The competition binding studies using antagonists(atropine and pirenzepine) exhibited a single binding site and this site had a low affinity for pirenzepine with the Ki value of about 330 nM. However, high and low affinity binding sites were observed with carbachol, methacholine and oxotremorine. These binding studies with agonists and antagonists did not show any differences in drug affinities between uterus and bladder. These results indicate that the muscarinic receptors in the uterus are M2 receptors which have a low affinity for pirenzepine.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 2014

Synthesis of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of chitosan-gelatin (Cs-Ge) (as a primary network) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) monomer (as the secondary network) was carried out with different ratio. Its structure was characterized by FT-IR, which indicated that the IPN was formed. The memberanes were studied by swelling, weight loss with time. The interior morphology of the IPN hydrogels was revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the IPN hydrogels showed a interpenetrated network of NIPAAm/chitosan has layers with more minute stoma and canals compared to interpenetrated network of NIPAAm/gelatin. Lower critical solution temperature (LCST), equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) and deswelling kinetics were measured. The DSC results noticed that LCST of IPN hydrogels with different ratio of Cs/Ge/PNIPAAm are around $33{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. The ESR obtained results showed that with a ratio of Cs/Ge/NIPAAm: 1/1/6, the swelling ratio increased drastically from room temperature to $36^{\circ}C$ but with a ratio of Cs/Ge/PNIPAAm: 1/3/6, decrease significantly at the same condition. Therefore the hydrogels have been changed from a hydrophilic structure to a hydrophobic structure. Furthermore with an increase in temperature from room to the LCST, the ESR of IPN with higher concentration of (PNIPAAm) and (Ge) decreases but de-swelling kinetics of them are faster. Due to the suitable and different kinetics of de-swelling and the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) in various proportions, and because of the morphology inside the mass which confirms other tests, these hydrogels are very appropriate as a smart thermosensitive hydrogels with rapid response.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 1984

In making liquid yoghurt, the influences of proteolytic ability of lactic acid bacteria on acid production and on protein stability were investigated. L. bulgaricus CH-2, L. helviticus IAM 1042 and L. jugurti 3048 showed a comparatively high proteolytic activity in milk, while L. casei YIT 9018 did not show any marked proteolysis. Starter organisms having high proteolytic ability showed more rapid growth and acid production than those having low ability in milk. The most active proteolysis occurred during logarithmic growth phase of yogurt organisms, and most of the proteolysis took place in the first 24-48 hrs of incubation. Highly proteolysed yogurts made by L. bulgaricus CH-2, L. jugurti 3048, L. helviticus IAM 1042, L. acidophilus L-54 and L. casei 3012 had low protein solubility at pH 3.5 and had much protein precipitates during storage of product, but those having little protein hydrolysates made by L. casei YIT 9018 or artificial acidification showed no precipitation during keeping.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.6439-6444
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• 2015

With increasing concern about global warming, CCS (Carbon dioxide capture and storage) has attracted much attention as a promising technology for reducing $CO_2$ emission. It is necessary to develop the cost-effective absorbents materials in order to rapid commercialize CCS technologies. In this work, he study for the promotion of absorption rate in $CO_2$ capture system using metal nanoparticle were investigated. Three kinds of metal nanoparticle, cobalt, zinc, and nickel, were prepared by wet and dry method and effect of preparation method on the absorption rate of $CO_2$ were compared. Among the tested using pH method, nickel nanoparticle prepared by wet method showed the most significant improvement of $CO_2$ absorption rate. In case that metal nanoparticle is applied to CCS process, it is expected to be more efficient in $CO_2$ capture process due to reduce the size of absorption tower.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.329-334
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• 2017

In this study, a new granular type mouthwash with equivalent antibacterial activity to marketed liquid type mouthwash was developed using a material called magnesium aluminometasilicate (Neusilin). This material adsorbs the surface of granules to improve the flowability of granules due to the formation of a eutectic mixture of the main constituents, which have improved flow properties and rapid disintegration time and little residue in the oral cavity. The characteristics of the granules were improved when the amount of Neusilin was 10% or more according to measurements of the granule properties, such as flowability. In addition, a disintegration test in artificial saliva and a sensory test in the human oral cavity were carried out to confirm the improved disintegration characteristics and sensory test results. The antimicrobial test confirmed similar antibacterial activity to that of the liquid oral cleanser already sold in the market. The granular oral cleanser composition prepared in this study can be used for the development of pharmaceuticals containing different drugs with similar characteristics as eutectic mixtures at the same time, which is considered to be useful in the development of medicines in the pharmaceutical industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.210-214
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• 2001

Enoki mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) was added in preparation of kimchi, and the quality was evaluated during fermentation at $10^{\circ}C$. Kimchi showed a rapid decrease in pH until 11 days, but revealed a retarded decrease thereafter. Titratable acidity increased sharply until 15 days, but increased slowly thereafter. Treatment with 5% enoki mushroom showed a lower pH and titratable acidity than control. Total microbial load and lactic acid bacterial count were maximum at 5 days, and were about $2.0{\times}10^{8}\;CFU/ml$. Radical scavenging activity was greater in enoki mushroom added kimchi after 11 days, and it was mainly due to the materials soluble in methanol and ethanol. Kimchi with 5% enoki mushroom showed higher scores than others in color and taste for sensory evaluation.