• Title/Summary/Keyword: range measurement

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A Study of the Level of Cardiac Troponin I in Patients with Clinically Suspected Acute Myocarditis Treated with Intravenous Gammaglobulin (심근형 Troponin I의 증가로 급성 심근염의 진단을 받은 환아에서 정맥용 면역글로부린 치료 효과에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Minshik;Lee, Youngok;Chun, Yoonae
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.267-275
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    • 1998
  • Purpose : We have studied the changes of cardiac troponin I(cTnI) level and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) before and after treatment of IVGG to evaluate the efficacy of single high dose of intravenous gammaglobulin(IVGG)(2.0gm/kg) therapy for improving cardiac function and clinical symptoms and signs in patients with clinically suspected acute myocarditis. Methods : The patients consisted of 18 cases who admitted increased cTnI with clinically suspected acute myocarditis caused by viral infection, Kawasaki disease and fever unknown origin(FUO) from Jan. 1995 to Jun. 1998. The control group consisted of 20 cases suffered from hand-foot-mouth disease, herpangina and high fever with rash. The level of cTnI was measured by Chemiluminiscent immunoassay method(normal<0.1ng/ml) and cardiac function was evaluated by left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)(normal 64~83%) by echocardiogram. Results : The level of cTnI increased to $0.306{\pm}0.209ng/ml$ and LVEF decreased to $60.1{\pm}1.6%$ before treatment of IVGG significantly as compared with control group(P<0.05). All cases were returned to normal range of LVEF($71.4{\pm}3.7%$) and decreased cTnI significantly($0.089{\pm}0.082ng/ml$) after treated with IVGG within 1 week in patients group(P<0.05). Conclusion : The single high dose of IVGG(2.0gm/kg) therapy was rapid and effective improvement of cardiac function and clinical symptoms and signs of acute myocarditis, and the measurement of serum cTnI and LVEF may help to diagnose and evaluate efficacy of IVGG on it.

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Usefulness of Interferon-$\gamma$ Measurement Following Stimulation of Tuberculosis-specific Antigens for Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Children Exposed to Pulmonary Tuberculosis (폐결핵 접촉력을 가진 소아에서 잠복 결핵 감염의 진단을 위한 결핵 특이항원 자극 인터페론-감마 측정의 유용성)

  • Sung, Ji Yeon;Ki, Joo Hwa;Yang, Mi Ae;Kim, So Hee;Eun, Byung Wook;Kim, Nam Hee;Park, Kyoung Un;Lee, Jina;Choi, Eun Hwa;Lee, Hoan Jong
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.52-58
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    • 2008
  • Purpose : Whole blood interferon-$\gamma$ assay was developed and many studies showed its usefulness in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) including latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). However, assessment in children has been limited. This study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of QuantiFERON-TB Gold for the diagnosis of LTBI in children exposed to pulmonary TB. Methods : Children who visited Seoul National University Bundang Hospital with a history of TB exposure were enrolled from January 2006 to December 2007. They were evaluated with chest x-rays, tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold test. TST was retested 3 months later for those with initial negative reactivity. Definition of LTBI was made on the basis of the TST reactivity. Results : Among the 103 children with a history of TB exposure, 49 children were tested with chest x-ray, TST, and QuantiFERON-TB Gold. Twenty-two were males. Median age was 7.5 years (range; 3 months to 14.7 years). According to TST reactivity, LTBI was in 8 (19%), no infection was in 21 (50%), possible LTBI was in 13 (31%). QuantiFERON-TB Gold test was positive in 5 of the 49 subjects (10%); 3 of the 13 subjects (23.1%) in unknown status, 1 of the 8 subjects (13%) in LTBI, and 1 of the 21 subjects (5%) without infection. The agreement between the QuantiFERON-TB Gold and the TST was poor (${\kappa}=0.101$). Conclusion : QuantiFERON-TB Gold showed poor sensitivity for the diagnosis of LTBI in children with exposure to TB. QuantiFERON-TB Gold alone does not seem to be useful in the diagnosis of LTBI in children.

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Role of the Inferior Thyroid Vein after Left Brachiocephalic Vein Division During Aortic Surgery

  • Park, Hyung-Ho;Kim, Bo-Young;Oh, Bong-Suk;Yang, Ki-Wan;Seo, Hong-Joo;Lim, Young-Hyuk;Kim, Jeong-Jung
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.35 no.7
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    • pp.530-534
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    • 2002
  • Background: In aortic surgery, division and ligation of the left brachiocephalic vein(LBV) may improve exposure of the aortic arch but controversy continues about the safety of this division and whether a divided vein should be reanastomosed after arch replacement was completed. The safety of LBV division and the fate of the left subclavian venous drainage after LBV division were studied. Material and Method: From November 1998 to January 2001, planned division and ligation of the LBV on the mid-line after median sternotomy was peformed in 10 patients during the aortic surgery with the consideration of local anatomy and distal aortic anastomosis. Assessment for upper extremity edema and neurologic symptoms, measurement of venous pressure in the right atrium and left internal jugular vein, and digital subtraction venography(DSV) of the left arm were made postoperatively. Result: In 10 patients there was improvement in access to the aortic arch for procedures on the ascending aorta or aortic arch. The mean age of patients was 62 years(range 24 to 70). Follow-up ranged from 3 weeks to 13 months. One patient died because of mediastinitis from methicilline-resistant staphylococcus aureus strain. All patients had edema on the left upper extremity, but resolved by the postoperative day 4. No patient had any residual edema or difficulty in using the left upper extremity during the entire follow-up period. No patient had postoperative stroke. Pressure difference between the right atrium and left internal jugular vein was peaked on the immediate postoperative period(mean peak pressure difference = 25mmHg), but gradually decreased, then plated by the postoperative day 4. In all DSV studies left subclavian vein flowed across the midline through the inferior thyroid venous plexus. Conclusion: We conclude that division of LBV is safe and reanastomosis is not necessary if inferior thyroid vein, which is developed as a main bridge connecting the left subclavian vein with right venous system, is preserved.

Evaluation using Replica Technique on the marginal and internal fitness of zirconia cores by several CAD/CAM systems (수종의 CAD/CAM 시스템으로 제작한 지르코니아 코어에서 Replica Technique을 이용한 변연 및 내면 적합도 평가)

  • Huh, Jung-Bo;Park, Cheong-Gil;Kim, Ha-Young;Park, Chan-Kyung;Shin, Sang-Wan
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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    • v.48 no.2
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    • pp.135-142
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: This study was aimed to compare the margin and internal fitness of single anterior all-ceramic crown zirconia core made by three deferent CAD/CAM systems. Material and methods: Five single zirconia cores were manufactured by three deferent CAD/CAM systems($Cerasys^{(R)}$system, KaVo $Everest^{(R)}$system, $LAVA^{TM}$system). The manufactured zirconia cores were duplicated through the use of replica technique, and a replicated sample was sectioned in the center of bucolingual and mesiodistal direction to measure the marginal and internal gap. Measurement was carried out by using measuring microscope ($AXIO^{(R)}$) and $I-Solution^{(R)}$ and analysed through the use of ANOVA. Results: As for the mean marginal fitness of the zirconia core, it was $84.74{\pm}27.57{\mu}m$, in $Cerasys^{(R)}$, $80.23{\pm}21.07{\mu}m$ in KaVo $Everest^{(R)}$ and $96.37 {\pm}11.45{\mu}m$ in $LAVA^{TM}$, and as for the mean internal gap, it was $94.11{\pm}30.07{\mu}m$ in $Cerasys^{(R)}$, $92.31{\pm}25.18{\mu}m$ in KaVo $Everest^{(R)}$, and $94.99{\pm}18.74 {\mu}m$ in $LAVA^{TM}$. There was no significant statistically deference among the total average gap of three systems. The internal gap in KaVo $Everest^{(R)}$ seemed to be smaller than $LAVA^{TM}$ (P < .05). The internal gap in the incisal area was larger in all of the three systems. Conclusion: There was no difference in marginal fitness in $Cerasys^{(R)}$, KaVo $Everest^{(R)}$ and $LAVA^{TM}$. As for the internal fitness, it was smaller in KaVo $Everest^{(R)}$ system than $LAVA^{TM}$ system. In all of the three systems, there was a larger gap in incisal area. The marginal and internal gap was within the clinically allowed range in all of the three systems.

User Centered Interface Design of Web-based Attention Testing Tools: Inhibition of Return(IOR) and Graphic UI (웹 기반 주의력 검사의 사용자 인터페이스 설계: 회귀억제 과제와 그래픽 UI를 중심으로)

  • Kwahk, Ji-Eun;Kwak, Ho-Wan
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.331-367
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    • 2008
  • This study aims to validate a web-based neuropsychological testing tool developed by Kwak(2007) and to suggest solutions to potential problems that can deteriorate its validity. When it targets a wider range of subjects, a web-based neuropsychological testing tool is challenged by high drop-out rates, lack of motivation, lack of interactivity with the experimenter, fear of computer, etc. As a possible solution to these threats, this study aims to redesign the user interface of a web-based attention testing tool through three phases of study. In Study 1, an extensive analysis of Kwak's(2007) attention testing tool was conducted to identify potential usability problems. The Heuristic Walkthrough(HW) method was used by three usability experts to review various design features. As a result, many problems were found throughout the tool. The findings concluded that the design of instructions, user information survey forms, task screen, results screen, etc. did not conform to the needs of users and their tasks. In Study 2, 11 guidelines for the design of web-based attention testing tools were established based on the findings from Study 1. The guidelines were used to optimize the design and organization of the tool so that it fits to the user and task needs. The resulting new design alternative was then implemented as a working prototype using the JAVA programming language. In Study 3, a comparative study was conducted to demonstrate the excellence of the new design of attention testing tool(named graphic style tool) over the existing design(named text style tool). A total of 60 subjects participated in user testing sessions where their error frequency, error patterns, and subjective satisfaction were measured through performance observation and questionnaires. Through the task performance measurement, a number of user errors in various types were observed in the existing text style tool. The questionnaire results were also in support of the new graphic style tool, users rated the new graphic style tool higher than the existing text style tool in terms of overall satisfaction, screen design, terms and system information, ease of learning, and system performance.

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Analysis of University Student' Perception of Coffee Shop Prices through Price Sensitivity Measurements (가격민감성 측정 기법을 이용한 대학생의 커피전문점 가격에 대한 인식 분석)

  • Kim, Hyun-Ah
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.41 no.8
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    • pp.1182-1189
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze university student' perception of the price of coffee shops using price sensitivity measurements. The questionnaires were distributed to 640 university students in Changwon, Korea from March 13 to April 8, 2011. A total 571 were used for the final analysis, which excluded improperly-completed questionnaires. The results of this study were as follows. Indifference prices (IDPs) were \2,200 for on-campus coffee shops and \2,850 for off-campus coffee shops. The optimum price points (OPP) were \2,300 for on-campus coffee shops and \2,850 for off-campus coffee shops. The price stress range (PSR) was \100 (\2,200~2,300) for on-campus coffee shops and \0 (\2,850~2,850) for off-campus coffee shops. The point of marginal cheapness (PMC) was \1,100 for on-campus coffee shops and \1,500 for off-campus coffee shops, whereas the point of marginal expensiveness (PME) was \3,600 for on-campus coffee shops and \4,100 for off-campus coffee shops. The ranges of acceptable prices (RAP) were \2,500 (\1,100~3,600) for on-campus coffee shops and \2,600 (\1,500~4,100) for off-campus coffee shops. On the basis of IDP percentage, university students were more sensitive to off-campus coffee shops than on-campus coffee shops. In contrast, on the basis of PSR and RAP, university students were more sensitive to on-campus coffee shops than off-campus coffee shops. Therefore, the price increase for an americano should be recommended to be from \1,100 to \3,600 for on-campus coffee shops and from \1,500 to \4,100 for off-campus coffee shops. The manager of on-campus coffee shops should be careful when increasing the prices, and the manager of off-campus coffee shops should make it possible for customers to perceive service quality.

DEVELOPMENT OF THREE DIMENSIONAL MEASURING PROGRAM WITH FRONTAL AND LATERAL CEPHALOMETRIC RADIOGRAPHS -PART 1. COMPUTATION OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL COORDINATES BY COMPENSATION OF THE ERROR OF THE HEAD POSITION IN ORDINARY NON-BIPLANAR CEPHALOSTAT- (정모 및 측모 두부 방사선 규격사진을 이용한 3차원 계측 프로그램의 개발 -1. 단일 방사선원으로 촬영된 두부 방사선사진의 두부 위치 보정을 이용한 3차원 좌표의 산출-)

  • Lee, Geun-Ho;Lee, Sang-Han;Jang, Hyon-Joong;Kwon, Tae-Geon
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.214-220
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    • 2001
  • The clinical application of the three-dimensional radiographic technique had been limited to standard Broadbent-Bolton cephalometer with biplanar stereoradiography. We developed a new method for compensating the error of head position in ordinary non-biplanar cephalostat. It became to possible to use the three dimensional cephalogram commonly in clinical bases. 1. The method of methemetical compensation of head positioning error in non-biplanar condition was evaluated with dry skull. The error of the method of first and the second trial was $0.46{\pm}1.21$, $0.33{\pm}0.90mm$, which means the error of the head positioning correction in conventional cephalogram was within clinical acceptance. 2. The reproducibility of this system for clinical application was 0.54 mm ($-2.99{\sim}2.26mm$) which defines the absolute mean difference of the first and second trial. Compare to the The landmark identification error $1.2{\pm}1.6mm$, the error of the measurement was within the range of landmark identification error. The result indicates the adequate clinical accuracy of the computation of three-dimensional coordinates by compensation of the error of the head position in ordinary non-biplanar cephalostat.

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Estimation of $T_2{^*}$ Relaxation Times for the Glandular Tissue and Fat of Breast at 3T MRI System (3테슬러 자기공명영상기기에서 유방의 유선조직과 지방조직의 $T_2{^*}$이완시간 측정)

  • Ryu, Jung Kyu;Oh, Jang-Hoon;Kim, Hyug-Gi;Rhee, Sun Jung;Seo, Mirinae;Jahng, Geon-Ho
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2014
  • Purpose : $T_2{^*}$ relaxation time which includes susceptibility information represents unique feature of tissue. The objective of this study was to investigate $T_2{^*}$ relaxation times of the normal glandular tissue and fat of breast using a 3T MRI system. Materials and Methods: Seven-echo MR Images were acquired from 52 female subjects (age $49{\pm}12 $years; range, 25 to 75) using a three-dimensional (3D) gradient-echo sequence. Echo times were between 2.28 ms to 25.72 ms in 3.91 ms steps. Voxel-based $T_2{^*}$ relaxation times and $R_2{^*}$ relaxation rate maps were calculated by using the linear curve fitting for each subject. The 3D regions-of-interest (ROI) of the normal glandular tissue and fat were drawn on the longest echo-time image to obtain $T_2{^*}$ and $R_2{^*}$ values. Mean values of those parameters were calculated over all subjects. Results: The 3D ROI sizes were $4818{\pm}4679$ voxels and $1455{\pm}785$ voxels for the normal glandular tissue and fat, respectively. The mean $T_2{^*}$ values were $22.40{\pm}5.61ms$ and $36.36{\pm}8.77ms$ for normal glandular tissue and fat, respectively. The mean $R_2{^*}$ values were $0.0524{\pm}0.0134/ms$ and $0.0297{\pm}0.0069/ms$ for the normal glandular tissue and fat, respectively. Conclusion: $T_2{^*}$ and $R_2{^*}$ values were measured from human breast tissues. $T_2{^*}$ of the normal glandular tissue was shorter than that of fat. Measurement of $T_2{^*}$ relaxation time could be important to understand susceptibility effects in the breast cancer and the normal tissue.

Net Primary Production Changes over Korea and Climate Factors (위성영상으로 분석한 장기간 남한지역 순 일차생산량 변화: 기후인자의 영향)

  • Hong, Ji-Youn;Shim, Chang-Sub;Lee, Moung-Jin;Baek, Gyoung-Hye;Song, Won-Kyong;Jeon, Seong-Woo;Park, Yong-Ha
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.467-480
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    • 2011
  • Spatial and temporal variabilities of NPP(Net Primary Production) retrieved from two satellite instruments, AVHRR(Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, 1981-2000) and MODIS(MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, 2000-2006), were investigated. The range of mean NPP from A VHRR and MODIS were estimated to be 894-1068 $g{\cdot}C/m^2$/yr and 610-694.90 $g{\cdot}C/m^2$/yr, respectively. The discrepancy of NPP between the two instruments is about 325 $g{\cdot}C/m^2$/yr, and MODIS product is generally closer to the ground measurement than AVHRR despite the limitation in direct comparison such as spatial resolution and vegetation classification. The higher NPP values over South Korea are related to the regions with higher biomass (e.g., mountains) and higher annual temperature. The interannual NPP trends from the two satellite products were computed, and both mean annual trends show continuous NPP increase; 2.14 $g{\cdot}C/m^2$/yr from AVHRR(1981-2000) and 6.08 $g{\cdot}C/m^2$/yr from MODIS (2000-2006) over South Korea. Specifically, the higher increasing trends over the Southwestern region are likely due to the increasing productivity of crop fields from sufficient irrigation and fertilizer use. The retrieved NPP shows a closer relationship between monthly temperature and precipitation, which results in maximum correlation during summer monsoons. The difference in the detection wavelength and model schemes during the retrieval can make a significant difference in the satellite products, and a better accuracy in the meterological and land use data and modeling applications will be necessary to improve the satellite-based NPP data.

The Assessment of Scattered Ray According to the Beam Thickness of Z-axis in MDCT(Multi Detector Computed Tomography) (MDCT(다배열검출기 전산화단층촬영장치)에서 Z-축의 빔 두께에 따른 산란선의 평가)

  • Ryu, Gwi-Bok;Kim, Hyun-Soo;Lyu, Kwang-Yeul;Dong, Kyung-Rae;Kweon, Dae-Cheol
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.127-132
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study is to measure scattered ray which is occurred except for Z-axis range of the detector in MDCT's iso-center and present the basic data about the standard for reduction of scattered ray. The development of MDCT brings out the enlargement of beam thickness to the patient's Z-axis, which distributes to the increase in exposure dose according to the rise of scattered ray. Also MDCT brings out the increase of scattered ray about 4times more than SDCT. To evaluate scattered ray according to the change of beam thickness on MDCT, we measured scattered ray of MDCT's Z-axis beam thickness by using one 16-slice CTs and two 64-slice CTs. We used the ionization chamber 60ml 2026C as the equipment of measurement. In our results, we found out that the change of scattered ray according to the beam thickness in the same kVp has increase of scattered ray. Secondly we found out the increase of scattered ray according to the increase of kVp. Lastly we found out the decrease of scattered ray according to the increase of the distance from the ionization chamber.