• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.4D
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• pp.545-553
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• 2009

This paper describes the result of study on measurement of displacement of structure by means of non-contacting method, close-range digital photogrammetry using digital camera. To apply close-range digital photogrammetry to displacement measurement of structure, correction of lens distortion that interferes geometrical analysis has been carried out and then measuring displacement was performed on load regulated-rahmen. For enhanced applicability of displacement measurement, MIDAS which is a structural analysis program was used for modeling and the result was taken from comparative analysis. As a result of the study, it is showed that close-range digital photogrammetry could supplement several weaknesses of LVDT and cable displacement meter and, especially, economy in the perspective of measuring time could be realized. Close-range digital photogrammetry using digital camera can be applied to the area where requires visual analysis such as 3D modeling of structure, profile replication of measurement of structure as well as measurement of displacement of structure.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.45-51
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• 2011

Purpose: To determine the correct measurement methods of the ankle joint complex range of motion for measuring the neutral position and evaluate the rater reliability. In addition, the impact of training on the rater reliability was also assessed. Methods: The subjects were eleven healthy women, who were evaluated by two physical therapists and one physical therapist recorded the results of the study. Standard goniometer was used as the measurement tool. The ankle and subtalar joint neutral position and the active range of motion of the ankle and subtalar joint were measured. Intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability measures were analyzed with intraclass correlation coefficients. Results: Intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability ranged from high to medium for the neutral position of the ankle joint complex. Intra-rater reliability for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion measurements was medium, while the inter-rater reliability was high. The range of motion of the subtalar joint was measured, and the intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability were low and medium, respectively Also, the intra-rater reliability was increased with formal training of the measurement techniques. Intra-rater reliability was reduced in case the raters had not undertaken the training. Conclusion: In summary, the results obtained with the measurement tools and joint measurement of position, indicate the consistency of repeated measurements made by the same observers. Under the same circumstances along with repetition of the same measurement technique during training caused an increase in the rater reliability of formally trained raters.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1822-1825
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• 2003

A practical range estimator based on the robust Kalman filter is proposed to solve the range estimation problem for surface to air missile(SAM) homing guidance. Apart from the previous works based on the extended Kalman filter(EKF) with bearing only measurement, the proposed scheme makes use of line-of-sight(LOS) rate to ensure the fast convergency at long-range. In this reason, the robust Kalman filter is considered to deal with LOS rate measurement error. The recursive linear structure of proposed filter is easy to implement and make it possible to reduce computational burdens. Moreover, it shows good estimation performance without specific guidance law such as oscillation proportional navigation guidance(OPNG).

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.12a
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• pp.149-153
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• 2003

As the fastest growing flowmeter technology, multi-path ultrasonic flow-meters are gaining wider range in petroleum industry for liquid hydrocarbon custody transfer measurement. This paper describes the mult-path ultrasonic flowmeter, URO-Ex1000 the requirements necessary to prove and test in Korea & China. URO-Ex1000 haver a good results with accuracy range, but a little exceed with repeatability.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.150-159
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• 2012

This study intend to analyze differences between 3D body scanning sizes and direct measurement sizes of same subjects. The subjects of study are female students of university in China. 3D data analyze as a 3D Body Measurement Soft System. The conclusion found is as below: In case of circumferences, error between direct-measurement size and 3D body scanning size is from 4.9mm to 62.2mm. The neck circumference size of directmeasurement is bigger than 3D body scanning size. The height error range is from 0.6mm to 51mm. Height of underbust, waist and hip are that direct-measurement sizes are higher than 3D body scanning sizes. Gap of width is from 3.8mm to 21.9mm. The gap range is too narrow relatively to others. Only direct-measurement size of neck width is wider than 3D body scanning size. Error range of length is from 0.3mm to 41.8mm. 3D body scanning sizes of lateral neck to waistline, upperarm length, arm length, neck shoulder point to breast point, shoulder center point to breast point, lateral shoulder to breast point are longer than direct-measurement sizes. They have a negative margin of error. I intend to set up same measurement point between direct-measurement and 3D body scanning but they have some errors because direct-measurement point is applied by a person. 3D body scanning measurement point is settled by automatic system. A measurement point of direct-measurement and 3D body scanning isn't unite. So we need to make a standard of setting up measurement points.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.298-305
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• 2021

Modern distance sensing methods employ various measurement principles, including triangulation, time-of-flight, confocal, interferometric and frequency comb. Among them, the triangulation method, with a laser light source and an image sensor, is widely used in low-cost applications. We developed an omnidirectional two-dimensional (2D) distance sensor based on the triangulation principle for indoor floor mapping applications. The sensor has a range of 150-1500 mm with a relative resolution better than 4% over the range and 1% at 1 meter distance. It rotationally scans a compact one-dimensional (1D) distance sensor, composed of a near infrared (NIR) laser diode, a folding mirror, an imaging lens, and an image detector. We designed the sensor layout and configuration to satisfy the required measurement range and resolution, selecting easily available components in a special effort to reduce cost. We built a prototype and tested it with seven representative indoor wall specimens (white wallpaper, gray wallpaper, black wallpaper, furniture wood, black leather, brown leather, and white plastic) in a typical indoor illuminated condition, 200 lux, on a floor under ceiling mounted fluorescent lamps. We confirmed the proposed sensor provided reliable distance reading of all the specimens over the required measurement range (150-1500 mm) with a measurement resolution of 4% overall and 1% at 1 meter, regardless of illumination conditions.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.337-343
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• 2010

Optical observation system provides angle-only measurement for orbit determination of space object. Range measurement can be directly acquired using laser ranging or tone ranging system. Initial orbit determination (IOD) by using angle- only data set shows discrepancy according to the measurement time interval. To solve this problem, range measurement data should be added for IOD. In this study, two-site optical observation was used to derive the range information. We have observed nine geostationary earth orbit satellites by using two-site optical observation system. The determination result of the range shows the accuracy over 99.5% compared to the results from the satellite tool kit simulation. And we confirmed that the orbit determination by the Herrick-Gibbs method with the range information obtained from the two-site observation is more accurate than the orbit determination by Gauss method with the one-site observation. For more accurate two-site optical observation, a baseline should satisfy an optimal condition of length and more precise observation system needed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 2005

Range and velocity measurement algorithm is a procedure for estimating the accurate target position by using matched filter outputs equally spaced both in range and doppler frequency domain. Especially, in measurement algorithm for multi-function radar, it is necessary to consider processing time as well as accuracy in order to track multi-targets simultaneously. In this paper, we analyze range and velocity measurement algorithm using discriminator estimation method which is a technique applied to angle measurement of monopulse radar. The applied method required constant processing time for estimation can be used in multiple target tacking. But, it is necessary to consider measurement accuracy because of using minimum channel outputs for estimation. In the simulation, we show that the applied method is superior to the traditional gravity center measurement algorithm with respect to the accuracy performance and also analyze the characteristics of the proposed technique by calculating RMS error level as the processing parameters such as pulse width , channel step, etc. change.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.74-82
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• 2014

Objectives: Quantification, objectification, and standardization of lifting-thrusting manipulation are important issues in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The purpose of this study was to quantitatively investigate the difference in the amount of stimulation according to range and frequency among parameters of lifting-thrusting manipulation with the use of a needle insertion-measurement system. Methods: For quantification of lifting-thrusting manipulation, an acupuncture needle insertion-measurement system was used in phantom tissue. The motor and force sensors of the needle insertion device were connected to the control software. This enabled operation of the lifting-thrusting manipulation and measurement of the acupuncture needle force. The measurement of the acupuncture needle force according to various frequencies (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1 Hz) and ranges of movement (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm) was repeated 10 times. Results: At a constant frequency of movement, acupuncture needle force according to range of movement (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm) increased with increasing range of movement (p < 0.05). At a constant range of movement, acupuncture needle force according to frequency of movement (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 Hz) increased with increasing frequency of movement (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, we conducted a quantitative comparison of the amount of stimulation according to range and frequency, the main parameters of lifting-thrusting manipulation, by using an acupuncture needle insertion-measurement system. Future studies on various manipulations and parameters are warranted to quantify and objectify the amounts of stimulation by acupuncture manipulation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.57-64
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether there are differences in subtalar joint range of motion (ROM) when using different measurement methods, and to determine inter- and intra-rater reliability of goniometry as used in clinical setting. Methods: Subjects were thirty-one healthy males and females (sixty-two ankles) living in Korea. Three raters with different clinical experiences measured inversion and eversion range of motion of the subtalar joint two times. Measurements were done with subjects prone (open kinetic chain) and standing (closed kinetic chain). Rater and measurement methods were based on analyzing differences in range of motion. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to determine intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. Results: Mean subtalar jont range of motion for inversion ranged from $9.31^{\circ}$ to $11.94^{\circ}$ for eversion, it ranged from $6.73^{\circ}$ to $9.20^{\circ}$. The differences in ROM between raters and between measurement methods were significant (p<0.01). The ICCs for interrater reliability ranged from $0.02^{\circ}$ to $0.20^{\circ}$ for inversion and from $0.23^{\circ}$ to $0.39^{\circ}$ for eversion. Intrarater reliability ranged from $0.32^{\circ}$ to $0.78^{\circ}$ for inversion and from $0.45^{\circ}$ to $0.73^{\circ}$ for eversion. Conclusion: Subtalar joint inversion and eversion ROM show differences for measurement methods low reliability between different raters, and low to high intra-rater reliability within sessions.