• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.301-313
• /
• 2024

Objective: The current body of evidence lacks clarity regarding the comparative efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) as minimally invasive treatments for benign thyroid nodules. The primary objective of this study is to clarify these concerns. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Europe PMC, and Medline databases until October 10th, 2023, using a combination of relevant keywords. This study incorporated literature that compared RFA and MWA for benign thyroid nodules. The primary outcome was the volume reduction ratio (VRR) from baseline to follow-up. Secondary outcomes were symptom score, cosmetic score, ablation time, major complications rate, hemorrhage, hoarseness, skin burn, cough, and sympathetic nerve injury. We used Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. We employed random effects models to analyze the standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio for the presentation of outcomes. Results: Nine studies with 2707 nodules were included. The results of our meta-analysis indicated similar efficacy between RFA and MWA in terms of VRR during the 1 (SMD 0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.13 to 0.26; P = 0.52) and 3 (SMD 0.11; 95% CI: -0.03 to 0.25; P = 0.12) months of follow-up. VRR was significantly higher in RFA than in MWA at the 6 (SMD 0.25; 95% CI: 0.06-0.43; P = 0.008) and 12 month of follow-up (SMD 0.38; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.59; P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between RFA and MWA in symptom scores, cosmetic scores, or the incidence of complications, including hemorrhage, hoarseness, skin burn, cough, and sympathetic nerve injury. Conclusion: RFA showed a higher VRR than MWA at 6 and 12-month follow-ups, with a comparable safety profile.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.464-482
• /
• 2024

This study aimed to determine the effects of humectants on moisture content, water activity, tenderness, color, microbiological analysis, protein denaturation, and oxidation of jerky. A thorough search for papers published in scientific journals that examined the impacts of humectants on jerky was carried out using Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. Only 14 studies matched inclusion requirements. They were used in the meta-analysis to synthesise quantitative findings. In the current investigation, jerky produced with beef, poultry, goat, or pork was used. The standardised mean difference (SMD) between treatments with humectants and controls was examined to investigate the effects of humectants using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was investigated using meta-regression. A subgroup analysis was carried out for significant factors. Results revealed that the addition of humectants had no significant impact on water activity, pH, fat, ash, CIE L^*, or CIE a^* (p>0.05). However, humectant addition significantly increased moisture (SMD=1.28, p<0.05), CIE b^* (SMD=1.67, p<0.05), and overall acceptability (SMD=1.73, p<0.05). It significantly decreased metmyoglobin (SMD=-0.96, p<0.05), shear force (SMD=-0.84, p<0.05), and protein (SMD=-1.61, p<0.05). However, it was difficult to get a firm conclusion about how humectants affected the myofibrillar fragmentation index, total plate count, and 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances because there were fewer than ten studies. To sum up, the proper use of humectants in jerky demands careful attention to both type and quantity, needing a delicate balancing act with other contributing factors.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.296-301
• /
• 2023

Background: A supervised physiotherapy program (SPP) is a standard regimen after surgical rotator cuff repair (RCR); however, the effect of a home-based exercise program (HEP), as an alternative, on postoperative functional recovery remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the functional effects of SPP and HEP after RCR. Methods: We searched electronic databases including Central, Medline, and Embase in April 2022. The primary outcomes included the Constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, University of California Los Angeles shoulder score, and pain score. Secondary outcomes included range of motion, muscle strength, retear rate, and patient satisfaction rate. A meta-analysis using random-effects models was performed on the pooled results to determine the significance. Results: The initial database search yielded 848 records, five of which met our criteria. Variables at 3 months after surgery were successfully analyzed, including the Constant score (mean difference, -8.51 points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -32.72 to 15.69; P=0.49) and pain score (mean difference, 0.02 cm; 95% CI, -2.29 to 2.33; P=0.99). There were no significant differences between the SPP and HEP. Other variables were not analyzed owing to the lack of data. Conclusions: Our data showed no significant differences between SSP and HEP with regard to the Constant and pain scores at 3 months after RCR. These results suggest that HEP may be an alternative regimen after RCR. Level of evidence: I.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.49-63
• /
• 2024

Information behavior played a significant role in minimizing the risks of the COVID-19 pandemic. When faced with such a situation, an individual needs information for decision-making and in order to determine the best course of action relating to their health. This study aims to explore information behavior during each phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, which is known for its close-knit collective culture. A sensemaking approach is used, which emphasizes the process individuals go through to understand their situation and give meaning to the information they are getting from their environment. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 10 participants to obtain a description of their information behaviors during the pandemic. Data analysis was carried out using open, axial, and selective coding. We propose a sensemaking-based information behavior strategy framework for mitigating risk and reducing ongoing health crises. Changes in information behavior strategies, including search, prevention, and restriction of information exposure, were random at the beginning of the pandemic, but became more regular in later phases. This was influenced by the "knowledge gap fulfillment" and "use of local knowledge" among the participants throughout the pandemic. In conclusion, the participants developed a sensemaking process including an understanding of the pandemic situation and the risks that they faced. They used a number of information behavior strategies to prevent transmission, and their perception of the risks changed across the course of the pandemic, up til the situation began to be considered back to normal again in Indonesia.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제39권6_1호
• /
• pp.1309-1320
• /
• 2023

모바일 기기의 기술 발전과 대중화는 어디서든 사용자의 위치를 확인할 수 있으며 인터넷을 사용할 수 있도록 발전되었다. 그러나 실내의 경우 인터넷은 끊김없이 사용할 수 있지만 global positioning system (GPS) 기능은 활용하기 어렵다. 실내 공공장소인 백화점, 박물관, 컨퍼런스장, 학교, 터널 등 GPS가 수신되지 않는 음영 지역에서 실시간 위치정보 제공의 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 최근의 실내 측위 기술은 랜드마크 데이터베이스를 구축하기 위해 light detection and ranging (LiDAR) 장비를 기반으로 연구가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 랜드마크 데이터베이스 구축의 접근성에 초점을 두어 모바일 기기를 기반으로 랜드마크를 촬영한 단일 이미지와 사전에 구축된 랜드마크 데이터베이스 정보를 이용하여 사용자의 위치를 추정하는 기법을 개발하고자 하였다. 첫 번째로, 랜드마크 데이터베이스를 구축하였다. 랜드마크를 촬영한 모바일 이미지만으로 사용자 위치를 추정하기 위해서는 모바일 이미지에서 랜드마크 검출이 필수적이고, 검출된 랜드마크에서 고정적인 성격을 가진 지점의 지상좌표 취득이 필수적이다. 두 번째 단계에서는 bag of words (BoW) 영상 검색 기술을 적용해 랜드마크 데이터베이스 중 모바일 이미지가 촬영한 랜드마크를 유사한 4위까지 검색하였다. 세 번째 단계에서는 scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) 특징점 추출 기법과 Homography random sample consensus (RANSAC)을 통해 검색된 4개의 후보 랜드마크들 중 가장 유사한 하나의 랜드마크를 선정하였고, 이때 임계값 설정을 통해 정합점 수를 기반으로 한 차례 더 필터링을 수행하였다. 네 번째 단계에서는 대응된 랜드마크와 모바일 이미지간의 Homography 행렬을 통해 랜드마크 이미지를 모바일 이미지에 투사하여 랜드마크의 영역과 코너(외곽선)점을 검출하였다. 마지막으로, 위치추정 기법을 통해 사용자의 위치를 추정하였다. 해당 기술의 성능을 분석한 결과, 랜드마크 검색 성능은 약 86%로 측정되었다. 위치추정 결과와 사용자의 실제 지상좌표를 비교한 결과, 약 0.56 m의 수평 위치 정확도를 갖는 것이 확인되어 별도의 고가 장비 없이 랜드마크 데이터베이스를 구축하여 모바일 영상으로 사용자 위치 추정이 가능한 것을 확인하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권9호
• /
• pp.4783-4788
• /
• 2012

Objective: Previous studies of the association between X-ray cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene polymorphisms and the gliomas risk have yielded conflicting results, and thus a meta-analysis was performed to provide a more accurate estimation. Methods: A computerized literature search of 5 electronic databases was conducted to identify the relevant studies. Fixed or random effect models were selected based on the heterogeneity test. Publication bias was estimated using Begg's funnel plots and Egger's regression test. Results: A total of 11 studies (3,810 cases and 6,079 controls), 7 studies (2,928 cases and 5,048 controls), and 4 studies (1,461 cases and 2,593 controls) were finally included in the analyses of the association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp, and Arg280His polymorphisms and glioma risk, respectively. The pooled results showed that GlnGln carriage was associated with moderately increased risk of gliomas in Asians (GlnGln vs. ArgArg, OR=1.490, 95%CI 1.031-2.153; GlnGln/ArgGln vs. ArgArg, OR=1.321, 95%CI 1.037-1.684), whereas a marginal association was revealed in Caucasians. For the Arg194Trp polymorphism, although a significant association was shown in the homozygous genotype comparisons (TrpTrp vs. ArgArg, OR = 2.209, 95%CI 1.398-2.945), no significant link was found on subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity. With regard to the Arg280His polymorphism, no significant association was found in each comparison. No particular study was found to significantly influence the pooled results, and no potential publication bias was detected. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism is moderately associated with increased risk of gliomas in Asians, while Arg194Trp and Arg280His polymorphisms demonstrated no significant influence. Due to the limited studies and the potential confounders, further studies are needed to confirm these results.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권11호
• /
• pp.4689-4695
• /
• 2014

Background: A great number of studies have shown that cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) genetic polymorphisms, CYP1A1 Msp I and CYP1A1 Ile/Val, might be risk factors for digestive tract cancers, including esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), hepatic carcinoma (HC), as well as colorectal cancer (CC), but the results are controversial. In this study, a meta-analysis of this literature aimed to clarify associations of CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms with digestive tract cancers susceptibility in Chinese populations. Materials and Methods: Eligible case-control studies published until December 2013 were retrieved by systematic literature searches from PubMed, Embase, CBM, CNKI and other Chinese databases by two investigators independently. The associated literature was acquired through deliberate search and selection based on established inclusion criteria. Fixed-effects or random-effects models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs and 95%CIs). The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.2 and Stata 12.0 softwares with stability evaluated by both stratified and sensitivity analyses. Moreover, sensitivity analysis and publication bias diagnostics confirmed the reliability and stability. Results: Eighteen case-control studies with 1,747 cases and 2,923 controls were selected for CYP1A1 MspI polymorphisms, and twenty case-control studies with 3, 790 cases and 4, 907 controls for the CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphisms. Correlation associations between CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphisms and digestive tract cancers susceptibility were observed in four genetic models in the meta-analysis (GG vs AA:OR= 2.03, 95%CI =1.52- 2.72; AG vs AA: OR=1.26, 95%CI =1.07-1.48; [GG+AG vs AA] :OR =1.42, 95%CI=1.20-1.68, [GG vs AA+AG]:OR=1.80, 95%CI =1.40-2.31). There was no association between CYP1A1 Msp I polymorphisms and digestive tract cancers risk. Subgroup analysis for tumor type showed a significant association of CYP1A1 Ile/Val genetic polymorphisms with EC in China. However, available data collected by the study failed to reveal remarkable associations of GC or HC with CYP1A1 Ile/Val genetic polymorphisms and EC, GC or CC with CYP1A1 MspI genetic polymorphisms. Conclusions: Our results indicated that CYP1A1 Ile/Val genetic polymorphisms, but not CYP1A1 Msp I polymorphisms, are associated with an increased digestive tract cancers risk in Chinese populations. Additional well-designed studies, with larger sample size, focusing on different ethnicities and cancer types are now warranted to validate this finding.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.56-72
• /
• 2020

목적 : 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; ADHD)의 증상을 완화시키는데 있어 부모 훈련 중재(Parent Training Intervention)의 효과를 분석하고 어떠한 효과가 있는지 그 근거를 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법 : 2009년부터 2019년까지 10년간 해외 학술지에 게재된 문헌을 Proquest, Scopus 데이터베이스를 통하여 수집하였다. 검색용어는 (ADHD OR Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) AND (Parent OR Mother OR Father) AND (Training OR Program OR Therapy OR Intervention) AND (Randomized OR Randomised OR Randomly)를 사용하였다. 연구의 질적 평가를 위해 PEDro척도를 활용하였고, Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0을 통해 메타분석을 실시하였다. 결과 : 1차 검색된 628개의 연구를 확인하였고, 최종 20개의 논문을 선정하였다. ADHD 아동에 대한 부모 훈련 중재의 전체효과크기(0.431) 및 부모 대상 중재(0.391), 부모-아동 대상 중재(0.639)는 모두 중간 효과크기로 나타났다. 부모 대상 중재는 ADHD 증상-과잉행동 및 충동성(0.921), 아동 행동(1.075), 아동 정서(0.834)에서 큰 효과크기가 나타났으며, 부모-아동 대상 중재는 ADHD 증상-과잉행동 및 충동성(0.922), 아동 정서(1.335), 반항성 및 품행장애(2.555), 학교 기능 및 사회기술(0.990)에서 큰 효과크기가 나타났다. 이질성 검정 결과 유의미한 결과가 나타나 랜덤효과모형을 선택하였다. 결론 : 부모 훈련 중재가 ADHD 아동의 증상에 미치는 효과를 알 수 있었다. 이는 작업치료사에게 임상적 근거를 제공하기 위한 근거 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. 추후에는 국내실정에 맞는 부모 훈련 중재와 관련된 다양한 연구들이 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제17권10호
• /
• pp.192-199
• /
• 2000

The design of multi-stage gear drives is a time-consuming process because it includes more complicated problems, which are not considered in the design of single-stage gear drives. The designer has no determine the number of reduction stages and the gear ratios of each reduction stage. In addition, the design problems include not only dimensional design but also configuration design of gear drive elements. There is no definite rule or principle for these types of design problems. Thus the design practices largely depend on the sense and the experiences of the designer, and consequently result in undesirable design solution. A new and generalized design algorithm has been proposed to support the designer at the preliminary phase of the design of multi-stage gear drives. The proposed design algorithm automates the design process by integrating the dimensional design and the configuration design process. The algorithm consists of four steps. In the first step, the user determines the number of reduction stages. In the second step, gear ratios of every stage are chosen using the random search method. The values of the basic design parameters of a gear are chose in the third step by using the generate and test method. Then the values of the dimensions, such as pitch diameter, outer diameter and face width, are calculated for the configuration design in the next step. The strength and durability of each gear is guaranteed by the bending strength and the pitting resistance rating practices by using AGMA rating formulas. In the final step, the configuration design is carried out using simulated annealing algorithm. The positions of gears and shafts are determined to minimize the geometrical volume (size) of a gearbox while avoiding interferences between them. These steps are carried out iteratively until a desirable solution is acquired. The proposed design algorithm is applied to the preliminary design of four-stage gear drives in order to validate the availability. The design solution has considerably good results in both aspects of the dimensional and the configuration design.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.343-348
• /
• 2000

Objectives : This study was conducted to integrate the results of studies assessing the association between chronic noise exposure and blood pressure. Methods : Using a MEDLINE search with noise exposure, blood pressure and hypertension as key words, we retrieved articles from the literature that were published from 1980 to December 1999. The criteria for quality evaluation were as follows: 1) the study subjects must have been workers employed at a high noise level area 2) The paper should use average and cumulative noise exposure as method for exposure evaluation. 3) Blood pressure in each article should be reported in a continuous scale Among the 77 retrieved articles, six studies were selected for quantitative meta-analysis. Before the integration of the regression coefficients for the association between blood pressure and noise level, homogeneity tests were conducted. Results : All studies were a cross-sectional design and the study subjects were industrial workers. Five papers used a time-weighted average for noise exposure and only one paper calculated the cumulative noise exposure level. The measurement of blood pressure in the majority of studios were accomplished in a resting stale, and used an average of two or more readings. The homogeneity of studies was rejected in a fixed effect model, so we used the results in a random effect model. The results of the quantitative meta-analysis, the weighted regression coefficient of noise associated with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 0.05 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.03, 0.13) and 0.06 (95% CI: -0.01, 0.13), respectively. Conclusions : Our results suggested that chronic exposure to industrial noise does not cause elevated blood pressure.