• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.847-865
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• 2016

In this study, a series of geotechnical centrifugal tests were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of settlement control of two types of rigid pile structure embankments (PRSE) in collapsible loess under high-speed railway embankments. The research results show that ground reinforcement is required to reduce the post-construction settlement and settlement rate of the embankments. The rigid pile structure embankments using rigid piles can substantially reduce the embankment settlement in the construction of embankments on collapsible loess, and the efficiency in settlement reduction is affected by the pile spacing. The pile-raft structure embankments (PRSE) have much stronger ability in terms of the effectiveness of settlement control, while the pile-geogrid structure embankments (PGSE) provides rapid construction as well as economic benefits. Rational range of pile spacing of PRSE and PGSE are suggested based on the requirements of various railways design speeds. Furthermore, the time effectiveness of negative skin friction of piles and the action of pile-cap setting are also investigated. The relevant measures for improving the bearing capacity and two parts of transition zone forms as positive control mean have been suggested.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.283-303
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• 2015

To research and analyze the differential settlements of foundations specifically, site investigations of existing railways and metro were firstly carried out. Then, the centrifugal test was used to observe differential settlements in different position between foundations on the basis of investigation. The theoretical model was established according to the stress diffusion method and Fourier method to establish an analytical solution of embankment differential settlement between different foundations. Finally, theoretical values and experimental values were analyzed comparatively. The research results show that both in horizontal and vertical directions, evident differential settlement exists in a limited area on both sides of the vertical interface between different foundations. The foundation with larger elastic modulus can transfer more additional stress and cause relatively less settlement. Differential settlement value decreases as the distance to vertical interface decreases. In the vertical direction of foundation, mass differential settlement also exists on both sides of the vertical interface and foundation with larger elastic modulus can transfer more additional stress. With the increase of relative modulus of different foundations, foundation with lower elastic modulus has larger settlement. Meanwhile, differential settlement is more obvious. The main error sources in theoretical and experimental values include: (a) different load form; (b) foundation characteristics differences; (c) modulus conversion; (d) effect of soil internal friction.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.430-433
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• 2006

Damage to earth structures for roads, railways and residential areas, as well as dams and river levees, during the 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu earthquake in Japan, and their rehabilitation works are overviewed. Several influential factors are pointed out, such as a) heavy rainfall preceding the earthquake, b) large aftershocks, c) geological conditions for subsoil including existence of liquefiable layers, d) compaction degrees for embankment, and e) drainage capacity from subsoil/embankments. It is also reported that, in the reconstruction works of damaged roads and railways, preferred use of geogrid-reinforced soil retaining walls was implemented.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

도심지에서는 공간 활용을 위해 구조물 하부 깊은 지하까지 구조물을 설치하고 있다. 그래서 구조물 건설 시, 지반에서 발생하는 토압을 방지하기 위해서 흙막이를 활용하고 있다. 굴착공사에 적용되던 흙막이가 건설기술의 발전으로 인해서 성토 공사나 옹벽 설치시에 가시설 낙석이나 산사태와 같은 위험 방지용으로도 이용되고 있다. 일반적으로 성토공사시 가시설 흙막이를 적용하는 경우는 기존에 존재하는 도로나 철도를 확장하는 경우이다. 그러므로 고속철도의 복선화 현장과 같은 성토공사에 적용되는 흙막이에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 일반적인 1열 H-pile 흙막이와 지주식 흙막이 2종류에 대해 수치해석을 하였으며, 고속철도의 단선지역에 성토하여 복선화하는 공사에 적용된 흙막이의 안정성을 분석하였다. 지주식 흙막이는 사면안정에 적용되는 억지 말뚝(이하 배면지주)을 흙막이 벽체(이하 전면지주)에 경사지게 결합한 공법이다. 분석결과, 지주식 공법은 동적하중이 적용되는 동안, 전면에만 H-plie이 설치된 타입에 비해 수평변위가 최대 19.0%만 발생하였다. 또한, 고속철의 운행속도가 느릴수록 변위가 많이 발생하였으며, 이 결과는 운행속도가 저속인 구간에서의 지반 설계시 더욱 주의가 필요하다는 것을 보여준다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.309-322
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• 2022

Due to the complex terrain around high-speed railways, the windbreaks were established along different landforms, resulting in irregular windbreak transition regions between different subgrade infrastructures (flat ground, cutting, embankment, etc). In this paper, the effect of a windbreak transition on the wind flow around railways subjected to crosswinds was studied. Wind tunnel testing was conducted to study the wind speed change around a windbreak transition on flat ground with a uniform wind speed inflow, and the collected data were used to validate a numerical simulation based on a detached eddy simulation method. The validated numerical method was then used to investigate the effect of the windbreak transition from the flat ground to cutting (the "cutting" is a railway subgrade type formed by digging down from the original ground) for three different wind incidence angles of 90°, 75°, and 105°. The deterioration mechanism of the flow fields and the reasons behind the occurrence of the peak wind velocities were explained in detail. The results showed that for the windbreak transition on flat ground, the impact was small. For the transition from the flat ground to the cutting, the influence was relatively large. The significant increase in the wind speeds was due to the right-angle structure of the windbreak transition, which resulted in sudden changes of the wind velocity as well as the direction. In addition, the height mismatch in the transition region worsened the protective effect of a typical windbreak.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.295-305
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• 2004

After the Rio declaration on environment and development in 1992, developed countries are undertaking "environmentally sustainable transportation (EST)" projects. To meet the needs for EST, current transportation policies in Korea are rapidly reforming and one of its concerns is modernizing and upgrading railway freight system. Planning new railroad construction projects is increasing and subsequent environmental impact assessment (EIA) demands improvements, especially in both the EIA and decision making systems. In this paper, we discuss the present status of EIA for railroad construction projects, especially, by analyzing the EIA documents for the last six years. The EIA for railroad construction projects accounts for only 4.9% of total 918 project EIAs during 1998-2003, and the portion is gradually increasing. Major environmental concerns for EIA in railroad construction projects were geomorphological and ecological changes, protection of rare organisms, air pollution, water pollution, waste management, and noise, etc. We compared characteristics of environmental impacts of railroad construction with those of vehicle road construction, based on environmental and construction-planning indicators appeared in Environmental Impact Statements. Railroad construction usually requires longer tunnels and bridges for a given length than those for vehicle road construction. In addition, the amounts of geomorphological and ecological changes (road-cutting, embankment, devegetation, etc.) in railroad construction were generally less than 50% of those in vehicle road construction. To develop environmentally friendly railway systems, monitoring studies for environmental impacts of railroads such as habitat fragmentation and road kills, dispersal of alien plants, tunnelling effects on groundwater and vegetation, and noise impacts are highly recommended.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.248-256
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• 2017

고속철도 콘크리트궤도의 일부 토공구간 침하 원인으로 지하수위 저하가 보고되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현장 계측 값과 수치해석을 통하여 지하수위 저하에 따른 침하 영향을 분석하였다. 시행착오법을 이용한 역해석을 통해 구성된 수치해석 모델을 이용하여 지하수위 저하, 연약층의 두께, 성토고에 따른 잔류침하거동을 검토하였다. 4m이상의 연약층이 존재할 경우, 지하수위 저하에 의한 원지반침하량은 30mm이상으로 예상되어 설계 및 시공단계에서 지하수위 거동에 의한 침하도 설계시 고려되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.589-597
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• 2018

Centrifuge model tests were used to simulate pile-raft composite foundation and pile-geogrid composite foundation with different pile spacing for researching the time effect of negative skin friction of rigid piles in high-speed railways. The research results show that the negative skin friction has a significant impact on the bearing capacity of composite foundation. Pile-raft composite foundation has higher bearing capacity compared to pile-geogrid composite foundation to reduce the effect of negative skin friction on piles. Both the foundation settlement and negative skin friction have significant time effect. The distribution of skin friction can be simplified as a triangle along the pile. The neutral point position moves deeper in the postconstruction stage at larger pile spacing. For pile-geogrid composite foundation, the setting of pile-cap affects the position of neutral point in the post-construction stage. Reinforced cushion with geotextile may promote the better performance of cushion for transmitting the loads to piles and surrounding soils. Arching effect in the cushion of the composite foundation is a progressive process. The compression of the rigid piles contributes less than 20% to 25% of the total settlement while the penetration of the piles and the compression of the bearing stratum below the pile tips contribute more than 70% of the total settlement. Some effective measures to reduce the settlement of soils need to be taken into consideration to improve the bearing capacity of pile foundation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.604-609
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 추가 용지 없이 철도노선의 선로 용량을 증대시킬 수 있는 RSR(철도보강노반)의 장기성능을 평가하고 자 한다. 철도보강노반은 짧은 보강재를 강성벽체와 일체화하는 특징을 갖고 있어 협소한 공간에서의 적용이 가능하다. RSR의 장기성능을 평가하기 위한 시험시공은 높이 7m, 연장 40m의 규모로 장항선 주포역에서 실시되었다. 동 구간은 집중 호우로 인하여 노반이 붕괴된 구간으로 버스가 운행하는 도로가 인접한 구간이다. 시공 후 2년에 걸친 장기간의 계측을 통하여 새로운 형식의 철도보강노반에 대한 성능을 검증하였다. 성능평가를 위한 장기계측은 지표 및 원 지반 침하, 벽체 수평변위, 보강재 인장 변형률, 인접선로 레일의 연동침하에 대하여 실시하였다. 계측에 대한 분석결과 현 시점까지 철도노반으로서의 안전성 및 사용성은 충분히 확보 되고 있는 것으로 평가되었다. RSR기술은 쌓기재 부족현장 과 안전도 확보가 중요한 운행선 인접현장, 용지 경계 민원 발생구간 등을 중심으로 그 활용성이 높아질 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 국내 철도 및 고속도로 등 각종 토목사업이 진행되면서 발생하는 많은 양의 파쇄암 특히 풍화 이암을 도로 노상이나 성토 재료로 활용하기 위해 직경 5cm, 높이 10cm의 원주형 공시체를 제작하여 공학적 특성을 평가하였다. 포항지역 토목현장에서 강우 시 빠르게 풍화되는 이암을 채취한 다음 2mm체를 통과한 파쇄 이암에 시멘트비, 모래비, 양생조건, 양생기간에 따른 풍화 이암 고결토를 제작하였다. 각 조건에 따라 공시체를 3개씩 제작한 다음 일축압축강도, 내구성시험 및 SEM 분석을 실시하였으며, 양생조건, 시멘트비 및 모래비가 고결토의 공학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 28일 양생한 경우, 대기중보다 수중 양생한 공시체의 일축압축강도가 32-55% 정도, 그리고 내구성지수는 평균 15% 정도 더 높았다. 또한, 시멘트비가 8%에서 16%로 증가할 경우, 수중 양생한 순수 이암 고결토의 일축압축강도는 약 1.6배 정도 증가하였으며, 내구성지수는 약 1.9배 증가하였다. 모래비가 0%에서 50%로 증가할 경우, 순수 이암 고결토보다 모래비가 10%인 경우 일축압축강도가 약간 감소하거나 변화 없다가 30-50% 정도 함유됨에 따라 최대 51%까지 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 한편, 내구성지수는 일축압축강도와 달리 모래비가 증가함에 따라 계속 증가하는 경향을 보였다. SEM 분석 결과 모래비가 0%인 경우보다 50%인 경우 모래 입자간의 연결이 증가하면서 서로 연결된 구조를 보였으며, 이러한 입자간 연결로 고결토의 강도가 증가하였다.