• 한국전산유체공학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2016

Dong-tan Station, shared by high-speed railway and urban express railway, is a very complicated underground station having 6 tracks together with barrier and shafts between them, therefore it seems very hard to investigate the aerodynamic effects including the pressure variation and train gust in the station when a high-speed train runs through it. In this study, the aerodynamic effects on the structures and platform passengers when a high-speed train runs through an underground station have been studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics. STAR-CCM+ has been employed for numerical simulation based on Navier-Stokes equation and 2-equation turbulence model and moving mesh scheme supported by STAR-CCM+ has also been used to represent the relative motion between a train and station. Based on the simulation results, the unsteady flow fields in the underground station induced by the high-speed train have been analyzed and the pressures on the PSDs and pressure variation at the platform have quantitatively assessed.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.415-420
• /
• 2020

군중 유동은 대도시의 철도 환승역, 터미널, 복합 다중 건물, 경기장 등에서 흔히 볼 수 있으며, 이러한 시설물에서의 이용객들의 원활한 흐름 뿐만아니라 안전 확보측면에서도 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 새로운 군중 유동 해석법을 개발하여 철도 환승 연결로 모델에 대하여 적용하였다. 해석법에서는 출구의 포텐셜 값을 가장 작은 값으로 입력하고, 주변 격자들의 포텐셜 값은 점진적으로 증가시켜서 전체적인 포텐셜 지도를 구성한다. 포텐셜 값이 큰 격자에서 작은 격자로 이동하는 방향 벡터를 구하여 이를 따르는 유적선을 구한다. 이 유적선이 여객 유동의 기본 경로가 된다. 해석 대상의 모든 모델에서, 보행자들은 처음 예측된 최단 거리 경로로 이동하지 않고, 시시각각의 상황에 따라 변경된 대체 경로를 이용하여 이동하였다. 양 방향의 보행자가 서로 마주치는 병목 구역에서도 진입 시차를 두어 분산시키면 보행이 훨씬 더 원활하게 되었다. 이상의 해석 결과로부터, 철도역의 하드웨어적 개량 공사를 하지 않고, 여객 유동 분석과 같은 소프트웨어적 해석으로도 혼잡 완화 방안을 찾을 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.2101-2108
• /
• 2008

Most of train fires which occur in usual cases do not grow up significantly on a large scale enough to bring about casualties and harmful damages. However, the consequence of some train fire accidents can be devastating disaster so that it would be even recorded in history in unusual cases. Accordingly, such a probability of fire disaster cannot be ignored in aspect of the railway safety assesment. A scale of injury and damage is very difficult to predict and analyze. Because it is depend on various factors, i.e. fire load, burning period, facilities, environment condition, and so on. Thus, a prediction of fire load could be understood as a one methodology to estimate railway safety assesment. The summation method which is one of them is used to evaluate the overall fire load by assuming that sum of heat release rate per unit area or mass of each composite material equals the total. However, since the train fire is classified into a compartment fire in under-ventilation condition. The summation method do not estimate a fire load completely. In this journal, Various methods to predict fire load are introduced and evaluated. Especially the fire simulation tool FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)which is based on the CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) is introduced, too. Through the FDS simulation, numerical analyses for the fire load and flame spread are performed. Then, these results of the simulation are validated through the comparison study with the experimental data. Then, limitations and approximations including in simulation process are discussed. The future direction of research is proposed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제80권5호
• /
• pp.491-501
• /
• 2021

A difference in subgrade settlement between two rails of a track manifests as lateral differential subgrade settlement. This settlement causes unsteadiness in the motion of trains passing through the corresponding area. To illustrate the effect of lateral differential subgrade settlement on the dynamic response of a vehicle-track coupling system, a three-dimensional vehicle-track-subgrade coupling model was formulated by combining the vehicle-track dynamics theory and the finite element method. The wheel/rail force, car body acceleration, and derailment factor are chosen as evaluation indices of the system dynamic response. The effects of the amplitude and wavelength of lateral differential subgrade settlement as well as the driving speed of the vehicle are analyzed. The study reveals the following: The dynamic responses of the vehicle-track system generally increase linearly with the driving speed when the train passes through a lateral subgrade settlement area. The wheel/rail force acting on a rail with a large settlement exceeds that on a rail with a small settlement. The dynamic responses of the vehicle-track system increase with the amplitude of the lateral differential subgrade settlement. For a 250-km/h train speed, the proposed maximum amplitude for a lateral differential settlement with a wavelength of 20 m is 10 mm. The dynamic responses of the vehicle-track system decrease with an increase in the wavelength of the lateral differential subgrade settlement. To achieve a good operation quality of a train at a 250-km/h driving speed, the wavelength of a lateral differential subgrade settlement with an amplitude of 20 mm should not be less than 15 m. Monitoring lateral differential settlements should be given more emphasis in routine high-speed railway maintenance and repairs.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.131-157
• /
• 2014

Special track systems used to divert a train to other directions or other tracks are generally called 'railway turnout'. A traditional turnout system consists of steel rails, switches, crossings, steel plates, fasteners, screw spikes, timber bearers, ballast and formation. The wheel rail contact over the crossing transfer zone has a dip-like shape and can often cause detrimental impact loads on the railway track and its components. The large impact also emits disturbing noises (either impact or ground-borne noise) to railway neighbors. In a brown-field railway track where an existing aged infrastructure requires renewal or maintenance, some physical constraints and construction complexities may dominate the choice of track forms or certain components. With the difficulty to seek for high-quality timbers with dimensional stability, a methodology to replace aged timber bearers in harsh dynamic environments is to adopt an alternative material that could mimic responses and characteristics of timber in both static and dynamic loading conditions. A critical review has suggested an application of an alternative material called fibre-reinforced foamed urethane (FFU). The full-scale capacity design makes use of its comparable engineering characteristics to timber, high-impact attenuation, high damping property, and a longer service life. A field trial to investigate in-situ behaviours of a turnout grillage system using an alternative material, 'fibre-reinforced foamed urethane (FFU)' bearers, has been carried out at a complex turnout junction under heavy mixed traffics at Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia. The turnout junction was renewed using the FFU bearers altogether with new special track components. Influences of the FFU bearers on track geometry (recorded by track inspection vehicle 'AK Car'), track settlement (based on survey data), track dynamics, and acoustic characteristics have been measured. Operational train pass-by measurements have been analysed to evaluate the effectiveness of the replacement methodology. Comparative studies show that the use of FFU bearers generates higher rail and sleeper accelerations but the damping capacity of the FFU help suppress vibration transferring onto other track components. The survey data analysis suggests a small vertical settlement and negligible lateral movement of the turnout system. The static and dynamic behaviours of FFU bearers appear to equate that of natural timber but its service life is superior.

• 한국철도학회논문집
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.342-348
• /
• 2014

차륜과 레일의 접촉은 크리프를 유발한다. 크리프 증가에 따라 크리프력이 선형적으로 증가한다고 가정하는 선형 크리프 이론은 철도차량의 진동이 무한히 발산하는 주행속도인 임계속도를 결정한다. 그러나 실제 크리프력은 일정값에 수렴하며 철도차량의 횡진동은 무한히 증가되지도 않는다. 본 연구에서는 비선형 크리프 이론인 Vermeulen이론, Polach이론, 실제 차륜과 레일의 형상을 고려하여 계산된 줄이론 등을 6 자유도 대차모델에 적용하여 철도차량의 동특성을 검토하였다. 그 결과 철도차량의 진동은 특정 주행속도 이상에서 한계사이클을 만들었으며, 크리프 곡선의 기울기가 클수록 한계사이클이 발생하는 주행속도는 낮아졌다. 또한 한계사이클은 플랜지 접촉으로 인해 그 크기가 제한되는 헌팅현상이 발생됨을 알았다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제11권8호
• /
• pp.349-356
• /
• 2001

The dynamic behavior of high speed train is very Important because the railway should be safe and Is satisfied tilth the rode comfort of passengers. The train is composed of many suspension components. such as 1st springs, 1st dampers, 2nd springs and 2nd dampers, that have an influence on the dynamic characteristics of high speed train. Also, the wheel/rail shapes, the track conditions and geometry and many environmental factors, such as rain, snow and wind. affect the dynamic behavior of high speed train. This paper reviews the effect of wind and track conditions on the dynamic behavior of high speed train. The VAMPIRE program Is used for this simulation. The result of simulation shows that the high speed train should not be operated when the wind velocity is beyond 34.5 m/sec.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.95-112
• /
• 1994

This paper describes the formulation and application of a dynamic model for a conventional rail track subjected to arbitary loading functions that simulate wheel/rail impact forces. The rail track is idealized as a periodic elastically coupled beam system resting on a Winkler foundation. Modal parameters of the track structure are first obtained from the natural vibration characteristics of the beam system, which is discretized into a periodic assembly of a specially-constructed track element and a single beam element characterized by their exact dynamic stiffness matrices. An equivalent frequency-dependent spring coefficient representing the resilient, flexural and inertial characteristics of the rail support components is introduced to reduce the degrees of freedom of the track element. The forced vibration equations of motion of the track subjected to a series of loading functions are then formulated by using beam bending theories and are reduced to second order ordinary differential equations through the use of mode summation with non-proportional modal damping. Numerical examples for the dynamic responses of a typical track are presented, and the solutions resulting from different rail/tie beam theories are compared.

• 한국철도학회논문집
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.401-411
• /
• 2006

The major objective of this study is to investigate the dynamic behaviors of track due to the deterioration characteristics of ballast for servicing tracks by the field test. The durability of ballast plays an important role in the track behaviour. To estimate the deterioration characteristics of ballast, several tests have been carried out by several scholars. The deterioration characteristics of ballast is one of the most important factor in the dynamic behaviour of track and its life. In this paper abrasion/breakage characteristics of ballast is studied to predict the effect of physical ballast characteristics on ballast track. To reveal deterioration characteristics of ballast, the field test were carried out. The deterioration characteristics, studied in this paper, is applied to the dynamic behaviour of track in various conditions.

• International Journal of Railway
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.74-79
• /
• 2011

Recent years have witnessed speed up of moving vehicles such as high-speed of trains. Increase in speed entails concomitant increase in turbulent air flow which contributes toward increased aerodynamic noise. The proposed method for aerodynamic noise reduction is based on a biomimetic design of owl feather. The five morphological parameters of the owl feather are extracted from close observation, and simulation cases are constructed by applying design of experiments methodology. Swirling strength for each case is obtained through steady-state CFD analysis, and key morphological parameters that affect the turbulence are identified. Large eddy simulations (LES) are then performed on selected cases to predict the air turbulence. Different cases show varying vortex distributions which are expected to lead to varying aerodynamic noise levels.