• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.154-157
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• 2012

Lymphedema is a common complication after mastectomy in breast cancer patients. Many treatment options are available, but no treatment results in a complete cure. We report a case of lymphedema that occurred after modified radical mastectomy in a breast cancer patient who showed objective improvement after delayed breast reconstruction with an latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. A 41-year-old female patient with left breast cancer had undergone modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection and postoperative radiotherapy 12 years previously. Four years after surgery, lymphedema developed and increased in aggravation despite conservative treatment. Eight years after the first operation, the patient underwent delayed breast reconstruction using the extended latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap method. After reconstruction, the patient's lymphedema symptoms showed dramatic improvement by subjective measures including tissue softness and feeling of lightness, and by objective measures of about 7 mL per a week, resulting in near normal ranges of volume. At a postoperative follow-up after 3 years, no recurrence was observed. Delayed breast reconstruction with extended latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps may be helpful to patients with lymphedema after mastectomy. This may be a good option for patients who are worried about the possibility of the occurrence or aggravation of secondary lymphedema.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the appropriate management of severe radionecrotic wounds of the anterior chest wall associated with infection of the soft tissues and ribs and exposure of vital structures(heart and lung), and present our strategies for reconstruction of these complicated patients. 9 patients have undergone radical debridement and immediate microsurgical reconstruction for severe radionecrotic wounds of the anterior chest wall over last 7 years. All patients had extensive osteomyelitis of the ribs or sternum, and chronic infection or cutaneous fistulae. 2 patients had pericardial effusions due to longstanding inflammation, and 6 patients had pleural effusions. 2 patients had ipsilateral lung collapse. 10 free flaps were performed for coverage of the huge defects. One patient required 2 free flaps to control the inflammation. 8 free TRAM flaps were used for coverage of the defects and in addition, the rectus abdominis muscle was packed into any deep cavity. 1 patients underwent latissimus dorsi muscle free flap because of previous abdominal surgery. After extensive debridement of the infected, radionecrotic wounds, all 10 free flaps were successful. All the extensive radionecrotic defects of the anterior chest wall were completely healed. Free flaps successfully covered the exposed vital structures of the heart and lungs. Patients with severe radionecrotic defects of the anterior chest wall after ablative breast cancer surgery and radiotherapy were successfully treated by radical debridement and immediate free flap surgery. The TRAM flap together with the rectus muscle is the treatment of choice for these huge defects. The latissimus dorsi muscle flap was the second choice in patients with previous abdominal surgery. The recipient vessel should be carefully selected because of possible radiation damage and inflammation.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2017

Background: The author analyse the impact of extracapsular lymph node spread and bone engagement in the ipsilateral neck of patients suffering squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lower lip. Methods: The data of 56 neck dissections performed in patients suffering SCC of the lower lip between January 2000 and December 2008 were retrospectively analysed. Statistical analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier life table method, and the survival rate was investigated with the log rank statistic and significance test. The values were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results: Nine patients took advantage from simultaneous treatment of tumor and prophylactic neck dissection (level I-III), reaching 100% survival rate. Patients suffering metastasized disease, who received radical neck dissection at the time of tumor treatment, presented 83.3% survival rate. Patients who underwent previous surgery and radiotherapy presented worse prognosis although radical neck dissection in case of extra-capsular spread only (24.7%) and osseous engagement (22.2%). Conclusion: Prophylactic neck dissection (level I-III) is recommended in T3-T4 N0 SCC. Simultaneous treatment of tumor and cervical lymph nodes provides a better prognosis as respect to delayed nodal management. Extra-capsular spread with or without bone engagement represents independent risk factor responsible for high mortality rate of SCC of the lower lip.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3419-3423
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• 2015

Background: Liposarcoma of the spermatic cord is rare and frequently misdiagnosed. The standard therapeutic approach has been radical inguinal orchiectomy with wide local resection of surrounding soft tissues. The current trend of organ preservation in the treatment of several cancers has started to evolve. Herein we present our testis-sparing surgery experience in the treatment of spermatic cord liposarcoma and a pooled analysis on this topic. Materials and Methods: Clinical information from patient receiving organ-sparing surgery was described. Clinical studies evaluating this issue were identified by using a predefined search strategy, e.g., Pubmed database with no restriction on date of published papers. The literature search used the following terms: epidemiology, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, testis sparing surgery, spermatic cord sarcomas/liposarcomas. Results: Patient received a complete excision of the lesion, preserving the spermatic cord and the testis. The final pathological report showed a well differentiated liposarcoma with negative surgical margins and no signs of local invasion. After 2-year of follow-up, there was no evidence of local recurrence. Since the first case reported in 1952, a total of about 200 well-documented spermatic cord liposarcoma cases have been published in English literature. Among these patients, only three instances were reported to have received an organ-sparing surgery in the treatment of spermatic cord liposarcoma. Conclusions: Radical inguinal orchiectomy and resection of the tumor with a negative microscopic margin is the recommended treatment for liposarcoma of the spermatic cord. But for small, especially well-differentiated, lesions, testis-sparing surgery might be a good option if an adequate negative surgical margin is assured.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.96-100
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• 2009

Purpose: Angiosarcoma of the scalp is unusual vascular tumor originating from endothelial cell. Angiosarcoma is an aggressive tumor with high propensity for both local recurrence and distant metastasis. We report 2 cases of angiosarcoma having poor prognosis recently. Methods: Case 1 was a 67 - year - old male patient. He visited the hospital with a $3{\times}5cm$ sized discolored mass in forehead. It began at one month ago from coming to the hospital. Case 2 was a 64 - year - old male patient. He visited for our hospital to remove a $4{\times}5cm$ sized scalp mass. He had a pruritis on scalp from 9 months ago before coming to the hospital. Despite of the conservative treatments, the wound was not healed and advanced necrotic lesion with hemorrhage. Results: Case 1 diagnosed as an angiosarcoma. He underwent a radical operation 5 times. But the tumor expanded multiple area in dura & frontal area of the brain. The patient rejected the treatment any more. And he died one month later. Case 2 diagnosed as an angiosarcoma and metastased to skull in MRI. He got a radical resection including cranium. Three months later, it recurred to ipsilateral Sternocleidomastoideus muscle. He got a additional operation & started radiotherapy. And now he is receiving chemotherapy, but the recurred lesion is expanding. Conclusion: Angiosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor. Especially it arises in vascularized area, it easily metastases. So it is the best to treat angiosarcoma with surgery included wide margins. Despite of the lesion is small, we remember that angiosarcoma is a tumor that consider to metastases.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1986

During the past 14years 267 patients presented with a lump in the neck proven to be metastatic cancer histologically. In most cases the primary site was discovered by thorough physical examination, E.U.A.(examination under anesthesia) and radiodiagnostic studies. However in 31 cases complete diagnostic evaluation failed to reveal the primary site. This paper discusses the characteristics of this group of patients in terms of the frequency of the ultimately discovered primary sites, policies for diagnosis, methods of management, and the ultimate prognosis for such cases in Korea. The male: female ratio was 6.8:1 and 84 % of all cases occurred in the $51{\sim)70$ age group. The majority of these cancers were epidermoid carcinomas(67.7%) and 22 of the 31(71 %) were Stage IV lesinos(17 N3A lesions and 5 N3B lesions). Surgical management was employed in 7 cases only, and in 5 cases this was combined with rediotherapy, chemotherapy, or both. Nevertheless, the only patients who survived disease-free for two years or more (one for over 5 years) were two patients in this management group. None of the patients treated by radiotherapy or chemotherapy of a combination of these two modalities survived. Occult primary sites were eventually discovered in 5 of the 31 cases, two in the nasopharynx, and one each in the base of tongue, pyrifrom sinus, middle ear. Of the 21 cases with epidermoid carcinoma which presented in the neck, 2 are free of disease for 3years or more. Of those who underwent radical surgery two of five survived. This study thus confirms the principle enunciated by MacComb in 1972 that surgical treatment in the form of radical neck dissection is the cornerstone of management whenever feasible.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.386-394
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• 2008

하악골에서 고분화 골육종은 매우 드물게 보고되고 있으며 조직검사상 전형적인 골육종과는 달리 다형성(pleomorphism)을 보이지 않기 때문에 양성종양으로 오진(under-diagnosis) 되기 쉽다. 그러나 정확한 환자의 진단은 적절한 치료와 환자의 예후에 영향을 큰 영향을 미친다. 그러므로 조기에 정확한 진단을 위하여는 의심되는 여러 부위에서 조직검사를 시행하고 임상소견과 방사선소견 등을 병리의사와 공유하여야 한다. 이에 초기에 진단이 어려웠던 하악골에 발생된 고분화 골육종을 경험하여 환자의 사회적 기능적 회복을 위한 수술을 시행하여 바람직한 결과를 얻었기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1998

배경 : 담낭 및 간외 담도계 악성종양의 5년 생존율은 $10\%$ 이하로 비교적 예후가 불량한 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 질환에서 방사선치료가 증상 완화 및 전체 생존율을 향상시키는 것으로 알려져 있어, 본원의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하여, 방사선치료의 역할을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1984년 2월부터 1995년 11월까지 인제대학교 부속 백병원 방사선종양학과에서 담낭 및 간외 담도계 악성종양으로 완치 목적의 방사선 치료를 받은 43명의 환자중 3000cGy 이하의 방사선량 을 조사받은 10명을 제외한 총 33명의 환자(담낭 악성 종양은 21명, 간외 담도계 악성종양 12명)를 대상으로 하였다. 남녀 비는 전체 11명대 22명(담낭 악성종양 4:17, 간외 담도계 악성종양 7:5)이었고, 연령분포는 35-77세(중앙값 61세)이었다. 병기별로는 IV기가 19명으로 가장 많았으며, 재발후 방사선치료를 받은 경우가 3명 포함되었다. 방사선치료는 4MV 선형가속기를 사용하여 총 31.44-54.87Gy(중앙값 44.25Gy)가 조사되었고, 3명의 환자에서는 체외조사 전후로 근접치료가 추가되었다. 방사선조사 단독치료는 6명, 수술 후 방사선 치료는 27명에서 시행되었고, 이 중 16명만이 근치적절제술을 시행받았다. 항암화학요법은 17명에서 병행되었으며 이중 11명이 Mitomycin+5-FU+Leucovorin을 사용하였다. 결과 : 총 추적관찰 기간은 2-97개월(중앙값 8.5개월)이었다. 전체 환자의 2년 생존율은 $29.9\%$, 5년 생존율은 $13.3\%$로 나타났다. 질환별로는 담낭의 경우 2년 생존율이 $34.5\%$, 간외담도계 악성종양은 $27.8\%$이었다. 수술 후 방사선치료를 시행받은 환자들의 2년 생존율은 $30.1\%$이며, 이 중 근치적 절제술을 시행받은 16명의 2년 생존율은 $43.8\%$로, 부분절제 및 우회수술후 방사선치료를 시행받은 17명의 $20.7\%$보다 높게 나타났으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p>0.05). 병기별로는 1, II기의 2년 생존율이 $66.6\%$, III, IV기는 $23.6\%$로 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.05). ECOG에 의한 임상수행능력정도에 따른 2년 생존율은 2급과 3급이 각각 $41.9\%$, $16.7\%$로 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 항암화학요법을 병행한 군의 2년 생존율은 $40.5\%$로 항암화학요법을 병행하지 않은 군의 $22.6\%$ 보다 비교적 높게 나타났으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p>0.05). 결론 : 본 연구결과 전체 환자의 2년 생존을과 5년 생존율은 $29.9\%$와 $13.3\%$로 나타났으며, 병기가 낮고, 임상수행능력이 높을수록 생존율이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 근치적 절제술후 방사선 치료를 받은 환자와 항암화학요법을 병행한 군의 치료성적이 비교적 높은 것으로 볼 때, 담낭 및 간외담도계 악성종양환자중 일부에서 적극적인 병합치료요법이 생존율의 향상에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.369-377
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• 1997

목적 : 자궁경부 소세포암종으로 진단되어 방사선치료를 받은 환자에서 조직병리학적인 재검사를 시행하여 조직병리학적 특성을 알아보고, 환자 및 종양의 특징, 방사선치료 후의 치료 성적등을 조직병리학적 유형에 따라 후향적으로 비교 분석해 보았다. 대상 및 방법 : 1981년 10월부터 1995년 4월까지 연세의대 연세암센터 치료방사선과에서 자궁경부암으로 방사선치료를 받은 환자 총 2890명 중 조직학적 유형이 소세포암종이었던 환자는 60명으로 $2.08\%$였다. 타병원예서 조직검사 및 병기 결정 후 방사선치료 만을 위해 전과되었던 36예에서는 자궁경부 생검 조직을 확보할 수 없었고, 이들을 제외한 24명에서 조직에 대한 병리학적 재검사가 가능하여 H&E 염색 및 신경내분비 표지인 neuron-specific enolase(NSE), chromogranin, synaptophysin, Grimelius 면역조직화학 염색을 시행하였다. 이들 24예의 환자 및 종양좌 특성, 방사선치료에 대한 반응, 치료 실패 양상, 5년 생존율 및 5년 무병 생존율 등을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과 : H&E 염색 및 4가지 neuroendocrine marker 검사 후 13예는 신경내분비암종으로 진단되었고 11예는 소세포 유형의 편평상피암종으로 진단되어 병리학적으로 크게 2가지 군으로 분류하였다. 신경내분비암종으로 분류된 13예 중 5예는 중등도 이상으로 분화가 좋은 편아었으나 8예는 분화가 나쁘거나 미분화되었다. 전체 24예 대상 환자들의 연령은 23-79세로 중앙 연령치 54세였으며 FIGO 병기 분포는 Ib 8예$(33.3\%)$, IIa 1예$(4.2\%)$, IIb 11예$(45.8\%)$, IIIa 2예$(8.3\%)$, IIIb 1예$(4.2\%)$, IV 1예$(4.2\%)$로 병기 I-II가 20예로 대다수를 차지하였다. 골반 림프절에 전이가 있었던 환자가 5예(20.8%) 있었는데 이 중 3예는 수술후 조직학적으로 확인되었고(2예는 근치적 수술, 1예는 골반 림프절 생검) 다른 2예는 전산화 단층 촬영상 골반 림프절이 커져 있어 전이로 판단되었다. 이들 2가지 병리학적 분류군에 따라 환자 및 종양의 특성을 비교해 보았는데 특별한 차이는 발견할 수 없었으며, 방사선치료에 대한 반응, 치료 실패 양상, 5년 생존율 및 5년 무병 생존율 등의 치료 결과를 비교해 보았을 때 치료 실패 양상에 있어서 소세포형의 편평상피암종에서는 원격 전이가 2예$(18.2\%)$인데 반해 신경내분비암종에서는 6예$(46.2\%)$로 신경내분비암종(neuroendocrine carcinoma)에서 원격 전이율이 높았으나 환자 수가 적어 통계학적인 유의성은 없었다(P>0.05). 결론: 병리조직학적 재검사가 가능하였던 24예의 자궁경부 소세포암종 환자 중 13예가 신경 내분비암종으로 진단되었으며 나머지 11예는 소세포형의 편평상피암종으로 분류되었는데 환자 및 종양의 특징, 방사선치료 성적을 비교해 볼 때 신경내분비암종에서 원격 전이가 호발하였으나 $(46.2\%\;vs.\;18,2\%)$, 5년 생존율과 5년 무병 생존율의 차이는 없었다. 이런 결과로 자궁경부에서 발생한 소세포암종 중 신경내분비암종의 경우는 원격 전이가 맡으므로 방사선치료, 수술 등의 국소 치료와 더불어 적절한 항암화학요법을 추가하여 치료 결과를 증진시킬 수 있으리라 생각한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.786-789
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• 2001

Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma(ASPS) is a rare entity that invariably ends in death from the disseminated disease. Although the most common site of metastasis is the lung, the central nervous system is also the third common site. Its histogenesis remains to be unknown and the gold standard treatment is radically surgical removal of the mass. However, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy are known to be less effective. The authors present a 24-year-old man who was admitted with headache and neck discomfort. Magnetic resonance( MR) imaging scans demonstrated multiple masses in the left frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and right cerebellum. The patient underwent surgery to remove multiple masses in the staged fashion. The postoperative course was uneventful, but the patient committed suicide 5 months later. The authors reviewed the pertinent literature and discussed this clinical entity with references.