• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제13권2호통권20호
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• pp.71-74
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• 2007

Background : Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM) is the field of traditional Korean medicine that emphasize four constitutional types for diagnosis and treatment. Appearance, personalities and pathological characteristics are main factors of Sasang constitutional classification. Previous studies carried out by the pulse analyzer showed that the pulse wave can discriminate these types. In addition, It was reported that the pulse wave are affected by age and sexuality. In this study, we investigated the pulse wave characteristics related Sasang constitution types in control group regarding their age and sexuality. Subjects and Method : Two hudred and eighteen volunteers participated in this study: healthy men in $20{\sim}49$ years old. Participants were interviewed and examined to evaluate their health condition and Sasang constitution type. Then they were tested with pulse analyzer when they ere stabilized. The pulse at the radial artery just beside styloid process was measured, because this area is landmark for pulse diagnosis in oriental medicine. 3-D Mac pulse analyzer (Daeyo Medi Co. Ansan. Korea) was used in this study. We analyzed main features of pulse waves with the Sasang condtitution types by the SPSS for Windows (ver 12.0). Results : There was significant difference between Taeum and other types in contact pressure as weil as in coefficient of floating and sinking pulse. Conclusion : By analyzing pulse waves of healthy adult men. we found significant differences exist between Taeum and other types. These pulse differences may characterize Taeum type, and it will be helpful for the evaluation of Taeum type.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2015

A pulse is generated when the heart pumps blood into the arterial system. The heart pumps blood only when it contracts, not when it relaxes; therefore, blood enters the arterial system in a cyclical form. Artery beating is visible in some parts of the body surface, such as the radial artery of the wrist. This paper mainly uses the feature in which near-infrared spectroscopy penetrates skin to construct a non-invasive measurement system that can measure small vibration in the subcutaneous tissue of the human body, and then uses it for the pulse measurement. This measurement system uses the optical moir$\acute{e}$ principle, together with the fringe displacement made by small vibration in the subcutaneous tissue, and an image analysis program to calculate the height variation from small vibrations in the subcutaneous tissue. It completes a measurement system that records height variation with time, and that together with a fast Fourier transform (FFT) program, they can convert the pulse waveform generated by vibration (time-amplitude) to heartbeat frequency (frequency-amplitude). This is a new and non-invasive medical assistance system for measuring the pulse of the human body, with the advantages of being simple, fast, safe and objective.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2001년도 학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.52-59
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• 2001

Methods to measure and estimate transpiration of a forest composed of evergreen broad-leaved trees (Pasania edulis Makino) are studied. Heat pulse velocity has been measured along with soil moisture and micrometeorological factors at the Fukuoka Experimental Forest, the Research Institute of Kyushu University Forests in Fukuoka, Japan (33$^{\circ}$38'N, 130$^{\circ}$31'E, alt. 75m). Tree cutting measurement was conducted to convert the heat pulse velocity into sap flow and transpiration. A big leaf model to calculate transpiration and Interception loss is examined and the estimated values are compared with the measured values obtained from the heat pulse measurement. The results show that 1) Pasania edulis Makino posessing radial pore structure had relatively high water content and high heat pulse velocity even within the central part of the stem near the pith, 2) the heat pulse velocity was well correspond to the water uptake in the tree cutting measurement, 3) the estimation of sap flow based on the heat pulse velocity is accurate, and 4) the big leaf model using the parameters obtained from measurement of a portable photosynthesis system in one day in summer gives reasonable estimation of transpiration independent of seasons and weather.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2000

A basic pulse tube refrigerator has been constructed with extensive instrumentation to study the characteristics of the heat exchanger experimentally under the oscillating pressure and the oscillating flow. This paper describes the sequential experiments with the basic pulse tube refrigerator. The experiments were performed for various cycle frequencies under the square pressure wave forms. First, the heat flux was measured through the cycle at the both cold and warm end heat exchangers without the regenerator. In order to enhance the thermal communication capability of the heat exchanger with the gas at low operating frequencies, a unique design of the triangular shape radial fin concept was applied to the heat exchangers. For the fin heat exchanger, the measured heat flux and the calculated heat flux from the two well-known oscillating heat transfer correlations were compared and discussed. Second, the regenerator was added to the pulse tube to make a basic pulse tube refrigerator configuration. The experiment showed the great impact of the regenerator on the temperature and the heat flux profiles. At the warm-end, the cyclic averaged heat flux had its maximum value at the specific operating frequency. The paper presents the explanation of the surface heat pumping effect as well as the experimental data.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.200-215
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of pulse wave parameter between the non delivery group (single women with no childbirth experience) and the delivery group (married women who gave birth(s) in delivery). Methods : Sixty one healthy (non delivery) nulliparous women and fifty three delivery women participated in this study. We used 3 dimensional pulse analyser(3D MAC, DAEYOMEDI co., Korea), which measures radial pulse waveform non-invasively by way of tonometry method at 5 different applied pressure levels. From 114 subjects enrolled, pulse wave parameters were measured on the six locations of Chon, Kwan and Cheok of each hands. Results : Delivery group's pulse showed larger values in the following pulse wave parameters (Energy, Ap, RAI, As, Aw, h1, h2, h4, h4/h1, t, t1, t2, t4, Wm, Wm/t). Non delivery group's pulse indicated larger values in the pulse wave parameters such as Energy of left Chon, difference pulse energy between left and right hand, Ad, h5, h5/h1, t5. Conclusions : According to the analysis result, delivery group's pulse has bigger values in most part of pulse wave parameters, especially in Kwan and Cheok which correspond to Liver, Kidney, and Myeong-mun. We interpret these results that delivery women are more mature and stable in reproductive organs than non delivery group, as they have experienced delivery(deliveries) and child-caring through married life.

• 센서학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.138-142
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• 2016

A pulse measurement by tonometry provides useful information for diagnosis, including not only blood pressure and heart rate but also parameters for estimating a condition of the cardiovascular system. Currently, various pulse measurement devices based on the tonometry have been developed. A reliability of these devices is determined by a positioning technic between the sensor and the blood vessel and a controlling technique of the pressurization level. An angle of the sensor for the pulse measurement seems to be highly related with a measured signal, however, the objective studies for this issue have been not published. In this paper, the variation of the pulse signals by tonometry direction was experimentally assessed according to the angle of the sensor. In order for guaranteeing the repeatability of the experiment, we used a pulse generator device, which can generate human pulse signal by using silicon tube and fluid pump, and developed a structure for precise adjustment of the angle and the pressurization level of the sensor. The angle of the sensor was acquired by an inclinometer, which was attached at the opposite side of the sensor. As results, a coefficient of variation (CV) of a maximum amplitude (MA) of the pulse wave was largely increased over the angle range of $-9{\sim}9^{\circ}$. Furthermore, the changes of the pulse shape showed different aspects according to the sign of the angle tilted along the blood vessel. It is expected that the results of this study can be helpful for developing more precise pulse measurement devices based on the tonometry and applying in clinic.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2013

A descriptive, comparative study was performed using female college students as experimental subjects. The primary objective was to compare the changes in pulse waves that take place during normalcy and during menstruation. The second objective was to compare the pulse waves of experimental subjects with severe menstrual pain and experimental subjects with minor or no menstrual pain during menstruation and during normalcy. The subjects of this experiment were female college students attending D University, located in Pusan, and the data were collected from September 2011 to February 2012. Their blood circulation index and pulse-wave factors were measured. During normalcy, these data were gauged a week to ten days after menstruation, and during menstruation, they were gauged two to three days after the start of menstruation, when the menstrual pain was at its peak. The results was as follows. In the characteristics of the blood circulation index, the index increased during menstruation, resulting in an increase in only the blood volume of the left ventricle. And the pulse energy of the left Chon, Kwan, Cheok and right Cheok were significantly higher during menstruation. Additionally, the average pulse energy in the left hand was distinctively lower in the menstrual group than in the normalcy group. There is a difference in blood pulse factors between normalcy and during menstruation, as well as a difference in blood pulse factors in experiment group without menstrual pain and experiment group with menstrual pain. These differences were particularly observed in the blood circulation index, pulse energy.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2013

동양 의학에서는 맥파를 분석해서 많은 질병을 분류하고 치료하고 있다. 그러나 현재까지 맥파를 분석하는 방법은 매우 주관적인 방법을 사용하기 때문에 신뢰도가 떨어지는 문제점이 발생한다. 뿐만 아니라, 기존 맥진기의 문제점으로는 요골동맥에 정확하게 맥진 센서가 위치하지 못하기 때문에 측정 위치에 따라 측정결과가 상이하고 측정절차에 매우 민감하여 높은 재현성을 실현 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 홀센서를 이용한 휴대용 맥진기를 이용해서 실맥 및 허맥을 분석 하는 연구 결과를 제안하였다. SPSS 통계 기법으로 분석한 실맥 및 허맥 최종 분석결과, 95% 신뢰도 구간에서 N.time(절흔점 시간) 및 S.amp (상승파형 크기) 평균치가 유의성이 있음을 입증하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.668-673
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• 2014

Cold and Heat pattern identification(CHPI) in traditional East Asian medicine(TEAM) is one of the major indicator to distinguish characteristics of disease and to determine treatment method. Basic parameters to determine CHPI include the pulse rate, respiration rate, and pulse power. Studies to associate physiological responses of human body by cold stress(CS) with CHPI in TEAM were rarely done so far. This study aims to explore the effects of cold stress on pulse signal via a feasibility study for three subjects and investigate some indices which can reflect autonomic nerve reaction(ANR). We measured radial pulse signals and respiration signal of the investigated subjects before the CS, during the CS which continues for 5 minutes, and immediately after the CS, respectively. Finally, we analyzed the pulse rate (P), respiration rate (R), pulse power, pulse depth, and pulse rate per respiration (P/R ratio). As a result, the P/R ratio showed a consistently decreasing tendency through the CS stimulation process, while other parameters behaved more complex and in subject-specific ways. It implies that, among candidate parameters, the P/R ratio is a simple but the most probable parameter that can be used as the ANR indicator. This result is also consistent with the theory in TEAM scripts, in which the P/R ratio is predicted to be a direct indicator for the CHPI. This pilot study shows that P/R ratio can be more appropriately associated with the ANR than heart rate or respiration rate alone. Extensive studies will be necessary to verify or confirm the P/R ratio as an appropriate and well defined parameter for ANR.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.544-553
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose the pattern classifier of Radial Basis Function Neural Networks(RBFNNs) for diagnosis of 3-phase partial discharge. Conventional methods map the partial discharge/noise data on 3-PARD map, and decide whether the partial discharge occurs or not from 3-phase or neutral point. However, it is decided based on his own subjective knowledge of skilled experter. In order to solve these problems, the mapping of data as well as the classification of phases are considered by using the general 3-PARD map and PA method, and the identification of phases occurring partial discharge/noise discharge is done. In the sequel, the type of partial discharge occurring on arbitrary random phase is classified and identified by fuzzy clustering-based polynomial Radial Basis Function Neural Networks(RBFNN) classifier. And by identifying the learning rate, momentum coefficient, and fuzzification coefficient of FCM fuzzy clustering with the aid of PSO algorithm, the RBFNN classifier is optimized. The virtual simulated data and the experimental data acquired from practical field are used for performance estimation of 3-phase partial discharge pattern classifier.