• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.441-458
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• 2009

The Imperial Road is Jean Rhys s unfinished manuscript, rejected by publishers for its openly racist tone. Although it describes Rhys s actual visit to Dominica in 1936, it is not a transparent recollection of the travel but a recreation informed by racial dynamics of the 1970s when she wrote the text. This paper examines the manuscript as a troubled (and troubling) response to what Rhys perceived as racial rejection from Dominica at the wake of political independence. Rhys s representation of white Creole womanhood significantly depends on an interwoven configuration of racial dynamics and sexual politics, where an oppressive white European man facilitates a white Creole woman s cross-racial identification with Afro-Caribbeans. However, the political and literary landscape of the West Indies in the 1970s made such cross-racial identification untenable. As a result, The Imperial Road is full of disturbing racial hatred, prejudice, and resentment. And yet, it also reflects Rhys s honest and serious concern over a white Creole s racial identity in postcolonial Dominica, raising a difficult question: How would a postcolonial age change a white Creole identity that belongs neither to the colonized nor to the colonizer (or both)? In The Imperial Road, unable to identify with Afro-Caribbeans, the white Creole is disoriented in time and space, lost at home, stuck between the past and the present, not knowing how to participate in a postcolonial homeland. Through the narrator s racial disorientation, The Imperial Road exposes the white Creole s fundamental dependence on other Creoles.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.141-167
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• 2014

The macro structural perspective of how race was formed nationally, politically, and socially has greatly contributed in revealing the ills of racialism until now, likewise, the dichotomous form of Asian-American literature corresponding to such perspective has made great contribution in awakening people's awareness of race. While acknowledging the contribution of such macro perspectives, we must take note that today's racialism is becoming materialized in different aspects. The tendency of present racial formation is that the recognition of race is spread out lightly but widely in everyday lives and is revealed through the perception of our body. While publicly stating that society is color-blind and inequality significantly resolved, racialism emerges in the personal and everyday aspects. Not erased but diluted and spread out more widely, and the more diluted, harder to erase, racialism has penetrated into the perception of our lives. Racialism works not as a conspicuous discrimination but as a common sense that is 'naturally' absorbed into our perception and perspective. Chang Rae Lee's Aloft shows the process of such racial formation in our age of hybridization. This study tries to clarify why present racial formation must be analyzed in the macro perceptual perspective and show how the racial perception in the narrative of the white dominant narrator, Jerry, becomes the field where he lives and how it is spread through his perception. Through the theories of Judith Butler and Linda M. Alcoff, this study analyzes how people are got to self-identification with the racialization through reiteration and what the relationship is between racial formation and the subject's performativity in Aloft. The study concludes that revealing such current processes of racial formation perceptively is not thinking it 'natural' and inevitable but the process of bringing about a change in it.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.279-289
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• 2024

Familial searching is a useful technique in a forensic investigation. Using genetic information, it is possible to identify individuals, determine familial relationships, and obtain racial/ethnic information. The total number of shared alleles (TNSA) and likelihood ratio (LR) methods have traditionally been used, and novel data-mining classification methods have recently been applied here as well. However, it is difficult to apply these methods to identify familial relationships above the third degree (e.g., uncle-nephew and first cousins). Therefore, we propose to apply a stacking ensemble machine learning algorithm to improve the accuracy of familial relationship identification. Using real data analysis, we obtain superior relationship identification results when applying meta-classifiers with a stacking algorithm rather than applying traditional TNSA or LR methods and data mining techniques.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.402-415
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to research the ideologies of African-American hair-styles according to cultural phenomena. This is a qualitative research using the books and theses about society, culture, hair and beauty, and materials of internet. The results are; Firstly, African-Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa. About 75 percent of the dark-skinned people on this continent have hair labeled "kinky". Secondly, African hair-styles expressed Supernaturalism and Traditionalism in the formative period of African culture. African-American hair-styles reflected Colonialism in the period of slaves. African-American citizen's hair-styles showed Nationalism after 1960s' Black Pride Movement in the period of settlement in America, and expressed De-territorialism since the boom of 1970s' Reggae. Today, the wearing of dreadlocks, cornrows, and afros has transcended racial and religious barriers. No longer necessarily reflections of ancient traditions and cultural identification, they are just as often fashion items.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.22
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• pp.151-175
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• 2011

In this article, I have analyzed the signification of the death of Don Quijote from the oriental religious and philosophical point of view, comparing with the novels of Kim, DongRi. We are able to read Cervantes' hope for his absolute ideal to be lasting forever via the death of Don Quijote, in the base of a strong will named of Gukyeong's life. In the same time, we can also discovery death as lasting of life in the basis of buddhist idea and death as the unification with nature via the meeting between the living and the dead in the Montesinos Cave. Montesinos Cave symbolizes a unclassified and chaotic space, which the Shamanist can meet the dead with a extatic ceremony and both supernatural life and daily life coexist. Therefore, the symbolic death of Don Quijote in Montesinos Cave is abe to be explained by approaching to absolute freedom named of Hatal, in other words, voluntary and conscious death to escape from the yugo of being. Considering the fact that Kim, Dongri emphasized on the unification of sky, earth and human being, keeping a racial identification in the face of the stream of occidental materialism in the time of Japanese conquest, we can look for the similarity with Cervantes' ideal. Contrary to the religious dogmatic ideal, Cervantes treated to recover the human nature and vitality, transcending the occidental rationalism and religious ideology in the time of Counter-reformation.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.117-132
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• 2007

Playwright Eugene O'Neill's expressionistic text-based approach to The Emperor Jones, with an emphasis on fixity, was at odds with African American actor Charles Gilpin's improvisational performance technique, stressing rupture, spontaneity, and discontinuity. The contemporary avant-garde performance troupe The Wooster Group likewise produces subversive and interrogative forms of identity in performing the play, which challenge the normative approach to gender, race, and an imagined orientation. The historical foundation of subversion and destabilization laid by O'Neill and Gilpin were manifold in the Wooster Group's production of The Emperor Jones, and not only formed a backdrop to it but also played a central role in the group's representation of race and even gender on the stage. In this essay, I use O'Neill's play, The Emperor Jones, a crucial example of racialized fantasies of identification, to explore how the modernist stage through the performances of Gilpin and The Wooster Group constructed racialized subjects of both its performers and audiences. Gilpin and the Wooster Group's strategies each shared a similar complexity in the portrayal of black identity in performance. Offering an examination of how ideologies of race and gender overlap in The Emperor Jones, I hope to show how each performance signifies a range of subversions and differences simultaneously and sometimes oppositionally that needs to be explored both holistically and in detail to offer a fuller picture of these remarkable attempts. Through this approach, I examine Gilpin's creative adaptations of O'Neill's text and illuminate how it is that the Wooster Group's appropriative use of blackface in their performance has come to gain critical acceptance.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2006

As the cultures of the world are getting diverse and plural, many trials to find their own unique culture of their own national and racial characteristics are made where fashion and traditional culture is used as good materials; in Korea, this trend is also studied by many authors. To achieve this goal, this study recognized the importance of tourism industry by inviting hosting of international event like '2005 APEC Summit Conference and Economical Ministers' Conference', and invented a uniform design that can make identification in the world market including Korea 'Gust' and 'Emotion' in developing uniforms for employees of regular traditional restaurant or hotels that contribute to tourism industry. As a material of this study from this perspective, Soo Bok pattern among many other Korean traditional patterns were chosen, and used them to design uniforms by applying diverse expressions methods through modernization task. This study tried to suggest ideas in creating new designs with a modeling sense of our people, by emphasizing on tradition motive through analysis of conditions and problem regarding the current uniforms worn in traditional restaurants. The development of uniform that modernly reinterprets traditional patterns and design that uses tradition on modern design shows endless possibility of development of our uniform, and even shows the possibility of mixture between tradition and modernity. By applying traditional beauty not only in traditional restaurants but also in many places and businesses that foreigners frequently visit can allow to spread the excellency our culture; and the Korean uniform can be successful in the international market as Korean will have pride in our tradition by wearing this new uniform.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.389-403
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• 2008

In Angle's Class III malocclusion, which has higher incidence in Korean than Western, depressed midfacial profile with protruded lower lips and mandible may give rise to many functional, esthetic, psychological, social problems. Due to the different malocclusion incidence according to racial differences, many previous studies focused on the relationship between Class II malocclusion and nasal airway obstruction. Previous studies used lateral cephalography which has limitations of 2 dimensional image with projection error and identification error. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze morphologic differences in the nasal airway between normal occlusion and Angle's Class III malocclusion patients using 3-dimensional facial computed tomography. Thirteen normal occlusion(7 men and 6 women) and sixteen skeletal Class III(7 men and 9 women) patients were selected and 3-dimensional facial computed tomography taking was performed. Comparison between two group in volume and sectional area of nasal airway were carried out. The results were followed. 1. In the comparison of absolute nasal airway volume, oropharyngeal space of experimental group were larger than control group but there are no significant difference in other. 2. In the comparison of relative nasal airway volume, oropharyngeal space of experimental group were larger than control group but there are no significant difference in other. 3. In the oropharyngeal space width on frontal and lateral view, the similar tendency was revealed between two groups. 4. In the lateral curvature of nasal airway, the similar tendency was revealed between two groups.