• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2013

Background: The objective of this study is to determine knowledge about lung cancer among secondary school male teachers in Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among three secondary schools located in Kudat district, Sabah, Malaysia during the period from June until September 2012. The protocol of this study was approved by ethics committee of Management and Science University, Malaysia. The aims were explained and a consent form was signed by each participant. Respondents were chosen randomly from each school with the help of the headmasters. Self-administrated questionnaires, covering socio-demographic characteristics and general knowledge of lung cancer, were distributed. Once all 150 respondents completed the questionnaire, they passed it to their head master for collecting and recording. All the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13. ANOVA and t-test were applied for univariate analysis; and multiple linear regression for multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 150 male secondary school teachers participated in this study. Their mean age was $35.6{\pm}6.5$ (SD); maximum 50 and minimum 23 years old. More than half of the participants were Malay and married (52%, 79%; respectively). Regarding the knowledge about lung cancer, 57.3% of the participants mentioned that only males are affected by lung cancer. Some 70.7% mentioned that lung cancer can be transmitted from one person to another. More than half (56.7%) reported that lung cancer is not the leading cause of death in Malaysian males. As for risk factors, the majority reported that family history of lung cancer is not involved. However, 91.3% were aware that cigarettes are the main risk factor of lung cancer and more than half (52%) believed that second-hand smoking is one of the risk factor of lung cancer. More than half (51.3%) were not aware that asbestos, ionizing radiation and other cancer causing substances are risk factors for lung cancer. Quitting smoking, avoiding second-hand smoking and avoiding unnecessary x-ray image of the chest (53.3%, 96.0%, 87.3%; respectively) are the main preventive measures mentioned by the participants. For the factors that influence the participants knowledge, univariate and multivariate analysis showed that only race was significant. Conclusions: Overall, the knowledge of school male teachers about lung cancer was low. However, few items were scored high: cigarettes are the main risk factor; avoiding second-hand smoking; and avoiding x-rays. Interventions to increase lung cancer awareness are needed to improve early detection behavior. Increase the price of pack of cigarettes to RM 20 and banning smoking in public places such as restaurants are highly recommended as primary preventive measures.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2020

비장종대를 일으킬 수 있는 질환에는 감염성질환, 간경화, 기타 간질환, 비정상혈구에 의한 혈류질환, 림프계질환, 면역성질환 등이 있다. 따라서, 정상적인 비장의 크기를 아는 것은 비장의 정상 여부와 비장종대의 진단에 도움을 주며, 추적검사에도 유용하게 이용될 수 있다. 초음파검사에서 최대길이 12cm 미만, 두께 5cm 미만이면 정상적인 크기라고 여겨지나 성별, 인종에 따라 다를 수 있다. 저자들은 우리나라 20대 학생들을 대상으로, 초음파 검사로 비장크기를 측정하여, 비장 크기의 정상범위를 제시하고, 신장과 체중에 따른 비종종대 기준의 상한치 조정이 필요한지 알아보고자 한다. 측정결과 남자 비장의 길이는 10.95±1.07 cm(8.9~13.9), 폭은 4.48±0.61 cm 이었으며, 여자 비장의 길이는 9.20±1.30 cm(6.8~12.0), 폭은 3.55±0.44 cm으로 남녀 간에 평균에 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.001). 신장의 크기가 증가할수록 비장의 길이는 증가하였으며(r=.57), 체중이 증가함에 따라서 비장의 길이가 증가하는 뚜렷한 양적 선형관계가 있었다(r=.63). 정상 성인에서 비장의 길이가 12cm를 초과한 남자는 5명, 여자는 2명 이었으며, 13cm를 초과한 경우는 남성 2명이었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6913-6917
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• 2013

Background: Although the PSA test has been used in Korea for over 20 years, the incidence of prostate cancer has risen, and the associated mortality has increased about 13-fold over the 20-year period. Also, several investigators have suggested that Asians in America are more likely to present with more advanced prostate cancer than Caucasians. We compared the characteristics of native Koreans and Americans (Caucasians and African-Americans) undergoing radical prostatectomies in Korea and the US. Materials and Methods: Study subjects comprised patients at Korean and US hospitals from 2004 to 2012 who had undergone radical prostatectomies. We compared the characteristics of the subjects, including age, preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, body mass index (BMI), Gleason score, and pathological T stage. Results: In total, 1,159 males (502 Koreans, 657 Americans) were included. The Korean and American patients had mean ages of $67.1{\pm}6.6$ and $59.2{\pm}6.7$ years, respectively. The mean preoperative PSAs were $15.4{\pm}17.9$ and $6.2{\pm}4.6ng/mL$ (p=0.0001) and the mean BMIs were $23.6{\pm}2.6$ and $28.7{\pm}4.4kg/m^2$ (p=0.0001), respectively. Pathological localized prostate cancer represented 71.7% of cases for Koreans and 77.6% for Americans (p=0.07). According to age, Koreans had higher T stages than Americans in their 50s (p=0.021) and higher Gleason scores than Americans in all age groups. According to PSA, Koreans had higher Gleason scores than Americans for PSA >10 ng/mL (p<0.05). According to prostate size and Gleason scores, Koreans had higher PSA values than Americans (p<0.01). Conclusions: These results show that Korean patients have elevated risk of malignant prostate cancers, as indicated by the significantly higher Gleason scores and PSAs, suggesting a need for novel prostate cancer treatment strategies in Korea.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.685-693
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• 2020

본 연구는 비 조영 복부 CT 검사를 한 무증상 한국인을 대상으로 L1-S1 inter vertebral disc level에 따른 전체지방 면적, 피하지방 면적, 내장지방 면적 간의 차이를 비교 분석하여 최대지방면적(㎠)을 가지는 위치를 알아보았다. 전체지방 면적의 최대지방비를 보이는 위치는 남자 L2-3, L3-4, L4-5, 여자 L4-5, L5-S1에서 측정한 전체지방 면적이다. 피하지방 면적의 최대지방비를 보이는 위치는 남자 L4-5에서 측정한 피하지방 면적이며, 여자는 L4-5, L5-S1에서 측정한 피하지방 면적이다. 내장지방 면적의 최대지방비를 보이는 위치는 남자 L1-2, L2-3에서 측정한 내장지방 면적이며, 여자는 측정 위치에 따른 내장지방 면적의 차이는 없었다. L4-5 inter vertebral disc level에서 복부 지방측정을 하는 것이 일반적이지만, 넓게는 국적, 인종, 성별 등에 따라 좁게는 연구 대상자에 따라 지방 분포 특성이 다르다. 그러므로 연구목적에 따라 어떤 위치를 선택할 것인지 연구 자료를 통해 분석하고, 선택한 위치가 적절한 이유에 대해 언급할 필요가 있다고 생각된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.161-171
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• 1985

한국의 정상 성인 20 명에서 공복시 및 음식물 섭취후의 철장 secretin농도를 방사면역 측정법(radioimmunoassay)으로 다음과 같이 측정하였다. 20명중 12명은 단백질 음식물인 햄버거와 쌀밥을 일주일 간격으로 섭취하였다. 햄버거 섭취 추 평균 혈장 secretin농도$(12{\sim}16\;pg/ml)$는 공복시의 평균 혈장 secretin농도(10 pg/m1 이하) 보다 유의하게 증가하였으며 그 증가가 오랫동안 지속하였다. 쌀밥의 섭취 후에는 혈장 secretin농도$(9{\sim}13\;pg/ml)$가 공복시의 값보다 증가하는 경향이었으며, 단지 식후 30분의 값에서만 유의하게 증가하였다. 식후 혈장 secretin농도의 증가폭은 햄버거에서의 증가 값이 쌀밥에서의 값보다 더 컸다. 나머지 8명은 자당 용액과 생리 식염수를 마셨다. 자당 용액의 섭취후 평균 혈장 secretin농도$(10{\sim}14\;pg/ml)$는 공복시의 값보다 유의하게 증가하였으나 쌀밥의 값과 마찬가지로 일시적이었다. 그러나 생리 식염수를 섭취한 후에는 혈장 secretin농도에 이렇다할 변화가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 정상 한국 성인에서는 단백질 음식물은 물론 탄수화물 음식물의 섭취로도 혈장 secretin농도가 증가한다고 사료된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.616-622
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• 2006

싸리(L. bicolor)의 생리활성물질 탐색을 위한 연구의 일환으로 비타민 C와 총 폴리페놀의 함량 그리고 각 추출물의 xanthine oxidase 및 tyrosinase 저해 활성을 측정하였다. 싸리의 비타민 C 함량은 $26.42{\pm}0.08mg/100g$이었으며, 싸리 생체의 총 폴리페놀은 $1.14{\pm}0.02 mg/g$을 함유하였으며, 싸리 추출물의 폴리페놀은 RE에서 154.95 mg/g으로 가장 높은 폴리페놀 함량을 나타내었다. 각 추출물의 농도에 따른 xanthine oxidase 저해 활성을 측정한 결과 MW(87.85%) > PW(84.30%) > RW(79.71%) > RE(79.70%)의 순으로 저해 활성 나타내었다. 모든 종류의 추출물이 1,000 ug/mL 농도에서 가장 높은 xanthine oxidase 저해율을 나타내었고, 그 이상의 농도에서는 저해율이 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. Tyrosinase 저해 활성을 측정한 결과는 RE(55.22%) > MW(31.39%) > RW(18.52%) > PW(13.58%)의 순으로 나타났으며 각 추출물의 농도가 증가할수록 저해율이 증가하였다. RE 추출물은 xanthine oxidase 저해율은 가장 낮았으나 tyrosinase 저해율은 가장 높았으며, 물추출 중에서는 MW의 추출물이 xanthine oxidase와 tyrosinase 저해율이 가장 높은 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.353-379
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• 2020

2032년 남북공동올림픽 개최 추진은 한반도의 새로운 남북관계 개선과 함께 새로운 남북공동 번영의 한반도 시대를 청사진으로 천명하며 문제인 정부에 의해 주도적으로 제안되고 추진되고 있는 정책 사안이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2032년 남북공동올림픽 개최와 관련한 상징적 및 현실적 의제 제시를 통한 추진방안 논의를 목적으로 문헌연구 방법에 의해 전개하였다. 이와 관련한 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, '서울-평양 축구교류전'인 가칭 '신경평전'의 추진을 제안한다. 둘째, 가칭 '국제평화컵 역전경주(마라톤)대회'의 추진을 제안한다. 셋째, 가칭 '코리아 평화컵 국제 남녀복식 및 혼합복식 탁구선수권대회'의 추진을 제안한다. 넷째, 가칭 '코리아(한반도) 스포츠 과학 포럼' 추진을 제안한다. 다섯째, 2032년 남북공동올림픽 개최와 관련하여 북한 공동개최 종목으로 약 16-17개 종목의 선정방안을 제안한다. 여섯째, 2032년 하계올림픽 개최지 결정 관련 예상 사나리오로 2022년부터 2023년 내 결정된다는 1차 예상을 전망한다. 일곱째, 민·관·학으로 구성된 전문가 중심의 특별위원회인 가칭 '남북사회회 문화교류협력위원회' 또는 가칭 '남북체육교류협력 추진특별위원회'의 설치 방안 추진을 제안한다. 여덟째, 가칭 '남북체육교류협력활성화 5개년 계획' 또는 가칭 '남북교류협력5개년계획'의 추진을 제안한다. 아홉째, 가칭 '남한 k-1리그 북한 선수 정원 외 등록선수 제도' 시범운영 방안 추진을 제안한다. 열번째, '선이후난(先易後難) 및 선제적 제의 원칙' 천명이 요청된다. 열한 번째, 북한 체육 및 교류협력 관련 전문가 풀 구성 및 양성 방안 추진을 제안한다. 마지막으로 남북 당사자 간 가칭 '남북체육교류협정(약)서' 채결과 남한 내부적으로 가칭 '남북체육교류 협력지원법' 제정을 추진한다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제14호
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• pp.125-158
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• 2012

After liberation from Japanese colonial rule in 1945, there was the three-year period of United States Army Military Government in Korea. In 1948, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and Republic of Korea were established in the north and south of the Korean Peninsula. The Republic of Korea is now a modern state set in the southern part of the Korean. We usually refer to Koreans as people who belong to the Republic of Korea. Can we say that is true exactly? Why make of this an obsolete question? The period from 1945 when Korea was emancipated from Japanese colonial rule to 1948 when the Republic of Korea was established has not been a focus of modern Korean history. This three years remains empty in Korean history and makes the concept of 'Korean' we usually consider ambiguous, and prompts careful attention to the silence of 'some Koreans' forced to live against their will in the blurred boundaries between nation and people. This dissertation regards 'Koreans' who came to live in the border of nations, especially 'Korean-Japanese third generation women artists'who are marginalized both Japan and Korea. It questions the category of 'Korean women's art' that has so far been considered, based on the concept of territory, and presents a new perspective for viewing 'Korean women's art'. Almost no study on Korean-Japanese women's art has been conducted, based on research on Korean diaspora, and no systematic historical records exist. Even data-collection is limited due to the political situation of South and North in confrontation. Representation of the Mother Country on the Artworks by First and Second-Generation Korean-Japanese(Zainich) Women Artists after Liberation since 1945 was published in 2011 is the only dissertation in which Korean-Japanese women artists, and early artistic activities. That research is based on press releases and interviews obtained through Japan. This thesis concentrates on the world of Korean-Japanese third generation women artists such as Kim Jung-sook, Kim Ae-soon, and Han Sung-nam, permanent residents in Japan who still have Korean nationality. The three Korean-Japanese third generation women artists whose art world is reviewed in this thesis would like to reveal their voices as minorities in Japan and Korea, resisting power and the universal concepts of nation, people and identity. Questioning the general notions of 'Korean women' and 'Korean women's art'considered within the Korean Peninsula, they explore their identity as Korean women outside the Korean territory from a post-territorial perspective and have a new understanding of the minority's diversity and difference through their eyes as marginal women living outside the mainstream of Korean and Japanese society. This is associated with recent post-colonial critical viewpoints reconsidering myths of universalism and transcendental aesthetic measures. In the 1980s and 1990s art museums and galleries in New York tried a critical shift in aesthetic discourse on contemporary art history, analyzed how power relationships among such elements as gender, sexuality, race, nationalism. Ghost of Ethnicity: Rethinking Art Discourses of the 1940s and 1980s by Lisa Bloom is an obvious presentation about the post-colonial discourse. Lisa Bloom rethinks the diversity of race, ethnicity, sexuality, and gender each artist and critic has, she began a new discussion on artists who were anti-establishment artists alienated by mainstream society. As migration rapidly increased through globalism lead by the United States the aspects of diaspora experience emerges as critical issues in interpreting contemporary culture. As a new concept of art with hybrid cultural backgrounds exists, each artist's cultural identity and specificity should be viewed and interpreted in a sociopolitical context. A criticism started considering the distinct characteristics of each individual's historical experience and cultural identity, and paying attention to experience of the third world artist, especially women artists, confronting the power of modernist discourses from a perspective of the white male subject. Considering recent international contemporary art, the Korean-Japanese third generation women artists who clarify their cultural identity as minority living in the border between Korea and Japan may present a new direction for contemporary Korean art. Their art world derives from their diaspora experience on colonial trauma historically. Their works made us to see that it is also associated with postcolonial critical perspective in the recent contemporary art stream. And it reminds us of rethinking the diversity of the minority living outside mainstream society. Thus, this should be considered as one of the features in the context of Korean women's art.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.4049-4054
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• 2014

Background: Race and ethnicity are significant factors in predicting survival time of breast cancer patients. In this study, we applied advanced statistical methods to predict the survival of White non-Hispanic female breast cancer patients, who were diagnosed between the years 1973 and 2009 in the United States (U.S.). Materials and Methods: Demographic data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database were used for the purpose of this study. Nine states were randomly selected from 12 U.S. cancer registries. A stratified random sampling method was used to select 2,000 female breast cancer patients from these nine states. We compared four types of advanced statistical probability models to identify the best-fit model for the White non-Hispanic female breast cancer survival data. Three model building criterion were used to measure and compare goodness of fit of the models. These include Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and Deviance Information Criteria (DIC). In addition, we used a novel Bayesian method and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique to determine the posterior density function of the parameters. After evaluating the model parameters, we selected the model having the lowest DIC value. Using this Bayesian method, we derived the predictive survival density for future survival time and its related inferences. Results: The analytical sample of White non-Hispanic women included 2,000 breast cancer cases from the SEER database (1973-2009). The majority of cases were married (55.2%), the mean age of diagnosis was 63.61 years (SD = 14.24) and the mean survival time was 84 months (SD = 35.01). After comparing the four statistical models, results suggested that the exponentiated Weibull model (DIC= 19818.220) was a better fit for White non-Hispanic females' breast cancer survival data. This model predicted the survival times (in months) for White non-Hispanic women after implementation of precise estimates of the model parameters. Conclusions: By using modern model building criteria, we determined that the data best fit the exponentiated Weibull model. We incorporated precise estimates of the parameter into the predictive model and evaluated the survival inference for the White non-Hispanic female population. This method of analysis will assist researchers in making scientific and clinical conclusions when assessing survival time of breast cancer patients.

• 분석과학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2001

인체모발중의 각종 미량원소의 함량에는 개인차가 있으며, 개인의 성장환경, 음식물의 섭취, 혈통, 성별, 나이, 직업 등에 의해 함량의 차이를 보이고 있으므로 생활환경으로부터의 외부오염과 음식섭취 및 대사작용을 통한 모발조직내 축적의 정도를 비교하기 위해 인체 모발시료를 채취하여 IAEA의 추천 방법을 이용하여 세척 전후로 나눠 중성자방사화분석법을 이용하여 비파괴 분석하였다. 분석정도관리는 인증표준시료를 이용하였고 Cu, Cr, Na, Co, Mg, As, Se, Zn 등의 상대오차는 ${\pm}5%$ 이내, Mn, Ca, Fe, Sr 등의 원소들은 ${\pm}10%$ 이내였으며, 상대표준편차는 대부분 ${\pm}10%$ 이내였다. 일반인 그룹의 모발을 전두부, 후두부, 좌우두부, 정두부 등 5개 부위에서 채취, 분석하여 개인편차와 부위편차를 추정하였다. 측정원소의 개인편차가 부위편차보다 컸으며, 최대 7배 까지인 것으로 나타났다. 정해진 분석조건에서 사무원과 공장근로자 그룹을 대상으로 두 그룹간의 함량 편차, 생활환경과 모발내 우소의 함량수준간의 연관성을 비교하여 인체 보건환경 평가를 위한 기초 자료로 이용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.