• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2013

Formula race car is generally recognized as a vehicle which is optimally designed for on-road race track with the regulations of race host bodies. Especially, the uprights of suspension system decisively have effects on the performance of cornering and stability of race car's driving performance, which are very important factors in the design of race car. This paper is a study of optimal upright design of F1800 grade formula race car which are normally used in professional race circuit in Korea. To design optimally the front upright of F1800 formula race car, Taguchi's orthogonal array, which is known for more useful method than full factorial design experimental method in cost and time, is used with CAE method such as FEM analysis. And the result of this paper shows that Taguchi's orthogonal array employed for this optimal design is very useful for designing the front upright of race car by minimizing its weight as well as keeping its safety factor as enough as designer wants in the view of quality, cost and delivery at the early design step.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1677-1683
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• 2007

Physiological changes in thoroughbred racehorses during the race were investigated by measuring concentrations of metabolites and exercise-related hormones before and after a race. The conversion point from anaerobic to aerobic exercise during the race was estimated subsequently. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of 53 thoroughbreds at different times -three h before and 45 min after- for measuring the concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), lactate, uric acid, ammonia, insulin, adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and cortisol according to the race distance. In accordance with the race distance, each metabolite increased in concentration compared with the level before the race. The level of glucose, in particular, increased from $56.18{\pm}3.20$ mg/dl before the race to $148.82{\pm}8.82$ mg/dl after the race for horses that raced 1,400 m, showing a significant increase of 165% (p<0.001). The concentration of NEFA rose from $76.77{\pm}5.59$ uEq/L to $335.85{\pm}35.39$ uEq/L, up 337% (p<0.01) after a 1,400 m race. Exercise-related hormones also showed similar changes. The level of insulin dropped the most in horses that raced 1,400 m, by 42%, from $0.97{\pm}0.18$ to $0.56{\pm}0.05\;{\mu}g/L$ (p<0.5); however, ACTH and cortisol jumped significantly at 1,800 m, from $20.17{\pm}2.12$ to $551.45{\pm}91.33$ pg/ml (p<0.5) and $1.13{\pm}0.16$ to $5.66{\pm}0.45\;{\mu}g/dl$ (p<0.01), respectively, representing the highest increase. Therefore, based on the changes in glucose, NEFA and insulin levels before and after the race, it was concluded that the race distance of 1,400 m represents the point where racehorses make a conversion from anaerobic to aerobic exercise.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.159-163
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• 1987

우리나라에 발생하고 있는 뿌리혹선충의 Race를 조사하고 기후에 따른 종의 분포 및 밀도를 파악하기 위하여 3226포장에서 시효를 채취하여 Baermann's funnel법으로 선충을 추출하여 선충의 형태와 International Meloidogyne Project의 Differenctial Host Test Method로 조사하였다. 우리나라에 있어서 뿌리혹선충의 종류별 분포는 M. hapla가 중부지방에서, M. incognita가 남부지방에서 우점종을 이루었고, M. arenaria는 남부지방에서 검출율이 다소 높았으며 M. javanica는 제주와 남부해안지방을 중심으로 분포하고 있었다. 우리나라에 분포하고 있는 뿌리혹선충의 종별 Race는 M. arenaria에서 Race 1과 Race 2, 그리고 M. incognita에서 Race 1, Race 2 및 Race 3이 알려졌으며, 이 중에 M. arenaria Race 1과 M. incognita Race 3은 우리나라에서 처음으로 보고되었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.259-264
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• 1991

The proteins of the race horse erythrocyte membrane were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS-PAGE), and their relations to the fast erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) of the race horse were investigated. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate of race horse were very fast compared with the human one(33 times <$90^{\circ}-plastic-ESR/30m$> and 25 times <$90^{\circ}-micro-ESR/30m$> as fast as the human one) are reported previously. Although the general protein profiles of the race horse erythrocyte membranes were almost similar to that of human, band 3 content was showing higher in race horse (34.7%) than in human (25.3%). The glycoprotein profiles of the race horse erythrocyte membranes revealed by periodic acid Schiff's(PAS) stain showed a marked difference from that of human. The PAS-1(glycophorin) and PAS-2(sialoglycoprotein) present in human erythrocyte memo brane were almost absent from the Holstein and race horse erythrocyte membranes, but PAS-2 was more in only race horse from that of human. Instead, the bovine erythrocyte membranes showed a strong PAS-B near the origin of the electrophorograms and the race horse erythrocyte membranes showed a strong PAS-negative band near the end of the electrophorograms, which is named as PAS-E in this study. These results suggest that the fast sedimentation rate of race horse erythrocyte is due in part to the presence of more band 3 protein fraction and PAS-E glycoproteins in the race horse erythrocytes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.785-793
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• 2019

Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the most damaging disease in Brassica crops around the world. In this study, we developed a molecular marker specific to Xcc race 5. To do this, the available whole genome sequences of Xcc races/strains and Xc subspecies were aligned and identified a highly variable genomic region (XccR5-89.2). Subsequently, a primer set covering the 'XccR5-89.2' region was designed and tested against the genomic DNA of Xcc races/strains, Xc subspecies and other plant-infecting bacterial strains (Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola and Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora). The results showed that the 'XccR5-89.2' primer pair amplified a 2,172-bp fragment specific to Xcc race 5. Moreover, they also amplified a 1,515-bp fragment for Xcc race 1 and an over 3,000-bp fragment for Xcc race 3. However, they did not amplify any fragments from the remaining Xcc races/strains, subspecies or other bacterial strains. The 'XccR5-89.2' primer pair was further PCR amplified from race-unknown Xcc strains and ICMP8 was identified as race 5 among nine race-unknown Xcc strains. Further cloning and sequencing of the bands amplified from race 5 and ICMP8 with 'XccR5-89.2' primers revealed both carrying identical sequences. The results showed that the 'XccR5-89.2' marker can effectively and proficiently detect, and identify Xcc race 5 from Xcc races/strains, subspecies and other plant-infecting bacteria. To our knowledge, this is the first report for an Xcc race 5-specific molecular marker.

• 식물병연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2007

국내의 여러 배추 생산지로부터 뿌리혹을 채집하여 단포자 균주(SSI)를 분리하였다. 분리한 단포자를 접종한 후 총 321개의 뿌리를 수거하여 병징 발현 여부를 관찰하였다. 접종한 개체 중 단 한 개체에서만 작은 혹이 형성되었고, 70개 개체에서 미약한 기형 증상을 보였다. 이들 이상 증상을 보인 개체를 마쇄하여 단포자 균주의 안정적 증식을 위한 접종원으로 사용하였다. 단포자를 접종하여 발병시킨 개체로부터 얻은 포자들을 재접종하였을 때가 1차 단포자 접종하였을 때보다 병징이 훨씬 확대되었고, 이후 실험에 사용할 수 있을 정도로 증식된 개체는 15균주였다. 이 15균주들을 Williams의 판별기주에 접종하여 분석하였을 때, race 1이 4균주, race 4는 7균주, race 9는 2균주, race 11이 2균주로 각각 판별되어, race 4가 국내에 가장 우점하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이들 race들은 모두 배추, 무, 순무에 단포자 접종하여 얻어진 균주들로, 병원성 검정에서도 4종의 판별품종 중 Rutabaga 계열(스페인산 순무)에 속하는 'Laurentian'과 'Wilhelmsburger' 두 품종에만 병원성을 보였다. 따라서 이 race들이 배추, 무, 순무에 대해 강한 병원성을 보이는 것으로 보아 국내의 P. brassicae 군집은 배추와 무, 순무 등에 강한 병원성을 나타내는 race가 우점하는 것으로 판단된다. 이는 이들 작물이 병 발생량에 따른 국내 십자화과 채소 감수 비율과도 연관이 있으리라 생각된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.280-284
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• 2011

Fusarium wilt of banana caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense is widespread in Indonesia. However, the distribution of tropical race 4 strains has not been well studied. Thirty nine isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense were collected from Java and 7 isolates were from Sumatera, Bangka, and Kalimantan. All isolates produced volatile odor when grown on steamed rice. These isolates were further tested for their vegetative compatibility with nitM testers of 20 reported vegetative compatibility groups representing strains that belong to race 1, 2, and 4. Three isolates formed heterokaryons with nitM testers belong to race 1, 11 isolates with race 4, and the rest did not form heterokaryons with all nitM testers used. F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 specific primer pair was used to amplify a 1400 bp fragment of tropical race 4 DNA. Seven isolates (Bnt2, Mln1, Srg1, Bgl3, Bgl6, Lmp1, and Kjg1) produced the 1400 bp amplification product were therefore tropical race 4.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.284-289
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• 2015

Powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) commonly occurs in cultivated fields of melon (Cucumis melo L.). It inflicts a lot of damages. Therefore, breeding resistant lines is essential. Development of a resistant line by integrating resistance gene takes a long time. In addition, break down of developed resistance by generating new virulent fungus strains increases disease susceptibility. This phenomenon was related to races of powdery mildew. Therefore, it is important to develop a DNA marker to genetically analyze race-specific resistance genes of melon powdery mildew to breed resistant lines. To date, a total of 28 races of Podosphaera xanthii have been reported in the literature. In Japan, 10 races have been reported in the Ibaraki region. We developed a system to characterize the races of Podosphaera xanthii and confirmed eight out of those 10 races in the Ibaraki region. In Korea, only one race has been characterized to date. However, some different races were detected. Through genetic analysis of resistant lines and susceptible lines of powdery mildew, resistance genes of race1 (Pm-X, PXB, and Pm-R 1), race N1 (PXA), race 2 (Pm-w and Pm-R 2), race 3 (Pm-X3), and race 5 (Pm-X5 and Pm-R5) were identified in melon. These related genes of race 1, 3, N1, 5, and race 1, 2, 5 were located at linkage group II and V, respectively. In race 1, resistance gene was located in the linkage group XII. In addition, each race-specific marker related to specific resistance gene was developed. Using race information and race selection system obtained in this study, resistant line can be bred to develop resistant cultivar for several areas. Furthermore, this will make it more easily and economically to breed resistant lines by using selected markers.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제12권
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• pp.23-28
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• 1994

감미종 고추에 더뎅이병(病)에 대한 저항성(抵抗性)을 도입하기 위하여 품질이 우수하면서 국내 적응성이 뛰어난 피만계 품종 Keystone Resistant Giant #3과 더뎅이병에 저항성인 PI271322를 교배하여 그 후대의 유전적 분리 양상을 조사한 결과 더뎅이병균 race 1에 대하여는 저항성(抵抗性)이 과민형반응(過敏型反應)으로 나타났으며 여기에는 한개의 우성유전자가 관여하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. race 3에 대해서는 발병정도가 연속적(連續的) 변이(變異)를 나타내어 저항성은 양적유전(量的遺傳)을 하는 것으로 나타났다. $F_2$ 집단에서 비과민형반응을 나타내는 개체간의 race 1에 대한 발병지수(發病指數)와 race 3에 대한 발병지수 간에는 고도(高度)의 상관관계(相關關係)가 있는 것으로 나타나 PI271322에 들어 있는 비과민형의 일반저항성 성분은 race에 비특이적으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 $BC_1$에서 race 1에 과민형반응을 나타내고 race 3에 저항성인 개체를 선발하여 여교잡(戾交雜)육종을 계속할 수 있었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.190-194
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• 2018

Recently, the horse racing industry in Korea has developed rapidly with good betting turnover. One of the most important factors in enhancing the performance of racehorses is the study of equine exercise physiology. This study was performed to analyze the results of pre-race blood test on race day and evaluate its correlation with the race performance in Thoroughbred racehorses. Twenty-one, healthy 3- to 6-year-old Thoroughbred horses were used to collect blood samples and hematological and biochemical measurements were performed. Results were analyzed to identify its correlation with racing performance. Analysis of hematological profile of pre-race blood of the racehorses revealed that red blood cell indices including RBC, Hb, and PCV levels were elevated. Additionally, levels of AP, AST, and GGT were also elevated in pre-race blood of horses on race day. RBC, Hb, and PCV levels of high performance racehorses were significantly lower than those of low class racehorses. Moreover, the analysis of correlation between blood test results and racing ability-related categories have shown negative correlations for rating, placing strike rate, prize money per race, RBC, Hb, and PCV and positive correlations for G3F and PCV. Additionally, AST value was positively correlated to prize money per race. Thus, the results of this study show that red blood cell indices and AST are good parameters for evaluating racing performance of horses before the race.