• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1998

In this paper, we have described the Ramp Activity Coordination Expert System (RACES) which can solve aircraft parking problems. RACES includes a knowledge-based scheduling problem which assigns every daily arriving and departing flight to the gates and remote spots with the domain specific knowledge and heuristics acquired from human experts. RACES processes complex scheduling problem such as dynamic inter-relations among the characteristics of remote spots/gates and aircraft with various other constraints, for example, custome and ground handling factors at an airport. By user-driven modeling for end users and knowledge-driven near optimal scheduling acquired from human experts, RACES can produce parking schedules of aircraft in about 20 seconds for about 400 daily flights, whereas it normally takes about 4 to 5 hours by human experts. Scheduling results in the form of Gantt charts produced by the RACES are also accepted by the domain experts. RACES is also designed to deal with the partial adjustment of the schedule when unexpected events occur. After daily scheduling is completed, the messages for aircraft changes and delay messages are reflected and updated into the schedule according to the knowledge of the domain experts. By analyzing the knowledge model of the domain expert, the reactive scheduling steps are effectively represented as rules and the scenarios of the Graphic User Interfaces (GUI) are designed. Since the modification of the aircraft dispositions such as aircraft changes and cancellations of flights are reflected to the current schedule, the modification should be notified to RACES from the mainframe for the reactive scheduling. The adjustments of the schedule are made semi-automatically by RACES since there are many irregularities in dealing with the partial rescheduling.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of study was to investigate the racial or ethnic differences in FDA-approved medications. Methods: Data on racial-based differences of drugs in PDR (Physician's Desk Reference) were analyzed by searching with keywords, "ETHNIC" and "RACE". Results: There were descriptions related to "ETHNIC" in product directions of 53 cases and "RACE" in 266 cases in 2010 PDR. After excluding 30 cases of duplicates, 289 cases were shown of which 28 cases were verified to demonstrate racial or ethnic differences. Drug category showing the higher racial or ethnic differences was cardiovascular drugs (7), followed by alimentary tract and metabolism drugs (6), nervous system drugs (5), and antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (3). Pharmacokinetic differences between race and ethnicity were observed most frequently; differences in AUC or Cmax showed in 15 drugs and clearance differences in 7 drugs. Conclusions: This study identified the racial differences in medication usage in PDR. Therefore, the results can contribute to safe use of medication in real clinical settings in regards to the racial or ethnic differences.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.238-244
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• 1995

Severity of panicle blast disease on the leading cultivars of rice was investigated at nine locations of Korea during summer in 1993 with frequent raining and low temperature conditions. Incidence of panicle blast was 26% on Jinmibyeo, 23% on Chuncheongbyeo and 40% on Odaebyeo. Race distribution of Pyricularia grisea was examined from 1993 to 1994. A total of 1,098 isolates of the fungus obtained from the blast nurseries and framers; fields were screened using Korean differential varieties. Twenty one races were identified in 1993 and 19 races in 1994. KI-181, KJ-103, KJ-104, KI-241 and KI-209 were identified as new races, and KJ-301 (15%), KJ-201 (13%), KJ-105 (12%) and KI-409 (12%) were major races during 1993 and 1994. Race KI-197, which has a wide spectrum of virulence on rice cultivars, was isolated in a ratio of 8.3% and evenly distributed in the whole country. Some of the major and newly identified races during 1993∼1994 were used for spray-inoculation on leading cultivars and differential varieties in a greenhouse. We found that most of the cultivars were resistant to the major races, KJ-301 and KI-409, but were very susceptible to the new races, KI-241, KI-209, KI-181 and KJ-103.

• Composites Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.35-43
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• 2005

In resin transfer molding(RTM), race-track effects and non-uniform fiber volume fraction may cause undesirable resin flow patterns and thus result in dry spots, which affect the mechanical properties of the finished parts. In this study, a real time RTM control strategy to reduce these unfavorable effects is proposed. This control rule is accomplished by means of the permeability mapping and pressure regulation. Through numerical simulations, the validity of the proposed scheme is demonstrated.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.24-30
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• 2012

In this study, the hot forging technology for precision forming of spline teeth of the inner race in the auto-transmission was developed in order to minimize its finishing allowance. Several blocker and finisher shapes for the precision hot forging process of the inner race were proposed and the forging processes were analyzed using the three-dimensional finite element method. The optimum hot forging process was obtained considering some parameters such as metal flow patterns, forging defects and forming load. Blocker and finisher dies for the hot forging process were designed by selecting the most suitable shapes obtained from the finite element analysis. Experimental works were also performed in order to verify the optimum design of hot forging process.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.2219-2228
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• 2000

Caches in a multiprocessing environment introduce the cache coherence problem. When multiple processors maintain locally cached copies of a unique shared-memory location, any local modification of the location can result in a globally inconsistent view of memory. Cache coherence protocols are important to operate a shared-memory multiprocessor system with efficiency and correctness. Since random testing and simulations are not enough to validate correctness of protocols, it is necessary to develop efficient and reliable verification methods. In this appear we present our experience in using VIS (Verification Interacting with Synthesis), a tool of formal method, to analyze a number of property of a cache coherence protocol, RACE (Remote Access Cache coherent Enforcement).

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.153-155
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• 2008

Pathogenic infection in tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury is common and there is a breed specific response regarding tolerance. Hence, the tolerance level of three eco-races of tasar silkworm viz. Daba, Sarihan and Raily to Antheraea mylitta cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (AmCPV) infection was tested. The survival of Daba, Sarihan and Raily eco-races was significantly different (p<0.05) when challenged with the same concentration ($1{\times}10^5$ polyhedra/ml) of AmCPV. Daba eco-race was more tolerant to the AmCPV infection having higher survival (65.7%) and $LC_{50}$ values (1000893.17 polyhedra/ml) of AmCPV followed by Sarihan eco-race (50.7% survival and $LC_{50}$ value of AmCPV 187203.6168 polyhedra/ml) and Raily eco-race (24.3% survival and $LC_{50}$ value of AmCPV 5176.37 polyhedra/ml). The tolerance level of Daba and Sarihan eco-races against AmCPV was more than two times than Raily eco-race.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2007

In order to develop chili pepper bacterial spot resistant cultivars and near-isogenic lines (NILs) to prompt the molecular mapping of the resistance gene, we have run backcross breeding program since 1994. Two resistance genes against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria Bs2 from Fla. XVR 3-25 and Bs3 from our breeding line 25-11-3-2, were introduced into a land race, Chilseongcho (abbreviated to Chilseong hereafter) with good fruit guality. We report here the testing of $BC_4F_3\;to\;BC_4F_5$. We found that $BC_4F_5$ lines of the crosses were homozygous with respect to the respective genes of introduction. The lines, in which Bs2 gene was introduced, were hypersensitively resistant to both race 1 and race 3 of X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, whereas, those in which Bs3 was introduced were resistant to race 1.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.211-220
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• 2014

The outer race of a constant velocity (CV) joint having six inner ball grooves has traditionally been manufactured by multi-stage warm forging, which includes forward extrusion, upsetting, backward extrusions, necking, ironing and sizing, and machining. In the current study, a multi-stage cold forging process is examined and an assessment for replacing and modifying the conventional multi-stage warm forging is made. The proposed procedure is simplified to the backward extrusion of the conventional process, and the sizing and necking are combined into a single sizing-necking step. Thus, the forging surface of the six ball grooves can be obtained without additional machining. To verify the suitability of the proposed process, a 3-dimensional numerical simulation on each operation was performed. The forging loads were also predicted. In addition, a structural integrity evaluation for the tools was carried out. Based on the results, it is shown that the dimensional requirements of the outer race can be well met.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.391-398
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• 2012

Detecting races is important for debugging shared-memory parallel programs, because the races result in unintended non-deterministic executions of the programs. Previous on-the-fly techniques to detect races in parallel programs with general inter-thread coordination show serious space overhead which depends on the maximum parallelism of the program. Therefore, this paper presents a loop splitting technique for on-the-fly race detection of parallel programs which is more efficient in space complexity than previous techniques. This loop splitting technique is the debugged program which preserves semantics of the original program. Monitering loop splitting program in on-the-fly can detect first races.