• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.124-138
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• 2003

Objectives : To evaluate the properness and effectiveness of the question categories concerning 'sasang constitutional characteristics of mind', used in Iksan Wonkwang Oriental Medicine. Methods : We statistically analyzed data from those 1335 patients focussing on 'relative discrimination ability' to sasang constructions and 'response ratio'. Patients included in this research are only those who had been well treated in Iksan Wonkwang Oriental Medicine during the Period of three years from 2000 to 2002. The data are obtained through the electronic chart developed by Kim Jong-Yeal, and analyzed using the statistical Package SPSS. Results: In total characteristics of mind, the question category of 'timid' has high discriminating power and effectiveness to Soeum type, more in women than men, and especially with an age of 21 or more; The category of 'hasty-tempered' to Soyang type in women with all ages and men with ages 21-40; The category of 'broad-minded' to Taeum type with ages 41 or more; The category of 'timid and broad-minded' to Soyang type, and especially high to women with ages 41 or more. Question categories concerning response type in anger were estimated to have different response patterns to sasang constructions only for ages 21 or more by $X^2$2 test. The question category of 'bear and last long' has high discriminating power and effectiveness to Soeum type, more in men than women, and increasingly to ages; The category of 'impatient and disarmed quickly' to Soyang type in both women and men, especially with ages 21 or more; The category of 'impatient' to Soyang type women or with ages 21 or more. Other categories have low discriminating power or low effectiveness. Concernig expression type of one's thought, the question category of 'straightly' has high discriminating power and effectiveness to Soyang type, more in wemen than men, and especially to ages 21 or more; The category of 'tender' to Soeum type, in women or with ages 40 or less; The category of 'indirectly' to Taeum type in men or with ages 41 or more; The category of 'straightly and stuborn' to Soyang type with ages 41 or more; The category of 'indirectly and tender' to Soeum with with ages 20 or less; The category of 'not express and tender' to Soeum type with ages 41 or more; Conclusions : Question categories concerning total characteristics of mind, response type in anger and expression type of one's thought, are partially discriminating and effective to specific constitution according to sex and ages, and some categories are more discriminating and effective when they are composited. But generally, the discriminating power of Taeum constitution group and group with ages 20 or less was too low, so it is necessary to develope question categories for those groups.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.91-106
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• 2006

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics about the Sasang constitution of elementary school students based on the questions that have significant differences. 2. Methods 146 children who have visited Kang-Nam Kyung-Hee Oriental Hospital Sasang constitution center from Mar. 2003 to May. 2005, were investigated through the questionnaires. These have the categories of personality and emotional characteristics, personal relationship, playing and the way to handle things such as jobs or missions, behavioral characteristics, and etc., were analyzed statistically. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) In the category of the 'Personality and Emotional characteristics', significantly more Soeumin showed positive answers to the question, 'being easily nervous and get irritated' than the other groups, and significantly more Taeumin to the question, 'considerate and thoughtful' than Soyangin. (2) In the category of the 'Personal relationship', there were significantly more Soyangin who showed positive answer to the question 'making a friend easily' than the other groups. (3) In the category of the 'playing and the way to handle things', significantly more Soeumin showed positive answer to the question, 'love to do the exercise' than Soyangin, and significantly more Soeumin showed positive answer to the question, 'not careful and meticulous' than Soyangin, and significantly more Soeumin showed positive answer to the question, 'like to read books' than Taeumin. (4) In the category of the 'Behavioral characteristics', significantly more Soyangin showed positive answer to the question, 'unable to concentrate just one thing even for just a minute and keep on moving.' than the other groups, and significantly more Soyangin showed positive answer to the question, 'act or response quick.' than Taeumin, and significantly more Soyangin showed positive answer to the question, 'behave and go around restlessly and flighty' than Soeumin, and significantly more Taeumin showed the positive answer to the question, 'hate to move by oneself' than Soyangin.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2003

Objectives : To evaluate the properness and effectiveness of the question categories concerning 'total physiognomy', used in Iksan Wonkwang Oriental Medicine. Methods: We statistically analyzed data from those 1335 patients focussing on 'relative discrimination ability' to sasang constructions and 'response ratio'. Patients included in this research are only those who had been well treated in Iksan Wonkwang Oriental Medicine during the Period of three years from 2000 to 2002. The data are obtained through the electronic chart developed by Kim Jong-Yeol, and analyzed using the statistical Package SPSS. Results: The first category for discriminating Taeum type, 'heavy and looking steady', has more discriminating power and effectiveness among women than men, and especially in wemen with an age of 21 or more. The second category for discriminating Soeum type, 'delicate and modest', is more discriminating and effective among men than women, and mostly among men with ages 21-40. The third category for Soyang type, 'fast and brave', is almost equally discriminating and effective to both women and men, especially among women with ages 40 or less and among men with ages 21 or more. Finally, the forth category for discriminating Taeyang type, 'progressive', is neither discriminating nor effective among most the women than men in all age groups. Conclusions: The definition of 'relative discriminating power of constitution' and 'response ratio' are well evaluating the properness and effectiveness of the question categories regarding 'total physiognomy'. The first category is most discriminating and effective among women with ages 20 or less, and the second among 21-40 year old men, the third among women with ages 40 or less and among men with ages 21 or over. The forth category is neither discriminating nor effective.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제17B권4호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2010

보통 두 세 개의 어휘로 구성된 질문 분류에서 어휘의 다양한 표현으로 인한 어휘 불일치문제는 성능 저하의 주요 원인이다. 따라서 질문 분류에서 어휘 사이의 연관성을 반영하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 같은 범주의 질문-질문 쌍들에 대해 계산한 어휘 번역확률을 번역기반 언어모델에 반영하여 질문을 분류하는 방법을 제안한다. 실험에서 야후!앤써 질문대답 아카이브를 이용해서 전체 질문-대답 쌍들에 대해서 번역확률을 계산하는 것보다 같은 범주에 속하는 질문-질문 쌍들에 대해서 번역확률을 계산하는 것이 질문 분류에서 더 좋은 번역확률인 것을 증명한다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2005

질의응답(Question Answering) 시스템은 질의에서 요구하는 정답 유형(Answer type) 및 질의에 사용된 용어를 적용하여 보다 정확한 답을 추출하고자 한다. 그러나 질의에 사용된 용어들이 문서에 그대로 사용되지 않고 같은 의미의 다른 어휘로 출현하기도 하며, 흑은 다른 문법적 정보를 가진 카테고리에 등장하여 정답 추출에 어려움이 따른다. 만약, 질의에서 요구하는 정보유형을 보다 깊게 세분화하고, 세분화된 질의 유형과 개념적으로 유사한 문장을 대상으로 정답 추출을 수행할 수 있다면 보다 정확한 정답을 추출할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서, 본 논문은 심층 질의 카테고리의 개념 커버리지에 기반한 효과적인 의미적 질의 확장 방법론을 제안한다. 질의에서 요구하는 정보 유형을 보다 세분화된 심충 질의 카테고리로 나누고, 이러한 심층 질의 카테고리를 표현하기 위해 동원되는 어휘 집합에 질의 확장을 적용함으로써 정답 추출의 성능을 향상시키고자 하였다. 제안된 시스템의 성능 평가를 위하여, TREC 문서 중 1991년도 WSJ(Wall Street Journal) 42,654건과 TREC-9의 질의를 대상으로 실험한 결과 질의 확장을 수행하지 않는 시스템의 경우 MRR(Mean reciprocal ratio) 측정에서 0.223의 결과를 보인 반면 제안된 시스템의 경우 0.50의 향상된 결과를 보였다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.902-914
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to provide useful information by analysis on mathematic classes for improve interactions between teacher and student using the Flanders Category System. For this, mathematic classes were observed by videotapes and recorded, 10 recorded videotapes were selected for analysis the property of linguistic interaction. The collected videotapes and records materials were transcribed by Advanced Flanders(AF) analysis program version 3.54. The detail investigated topics for studying are as follows. 1) What is the property of the Flanders 10 code analysis results? 2) What is the property of main and subsidiary linguistic flow of interaction? 3) What is the property of the Flanders index analysis results? The results of this study are as follow: 1) In Flanders 10 code analysis results, teacher's non-directive speaking is 12.76%, teacher's Indicative speaking is 50.28%, student's reactive speaking is 4.07%, student's voluntary speaking is 9.66%. 2) Among the 10 classes, 5 classes' main flow is 'ask convergent question ${\rightarrow}$ student's reactive speaking ${\rightarrow}$ lecture ${\rightarrow}$ ask convergent question', 2 classes' main flow is 'lecture ${\rightarrow}$ ask convergent question ${\rightarrow}$ student's reactive speaking ${\rightarrow}$ lecture', 3 classes' main and subsidiary flow is 'lecture ${\rightarrow}$ ask convergent question ${\rightarrow}$ lecture ${\rightarrow}$ work'. 3) In indices results, revised I/d ratio, student's speaking ratio, student question, wide answer ratio are higher than analysis standard and indirect ratio, teacher's question ratio are lower than analysis standard.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

QA(질의응답) 시스템은 질의에서 요구하는 정답 유형 및 질의에 사용된 용어를 적용하여 보다 정확한 답을 추출하고자 한다. 그러나 질의에 사용된 용어들이 문서에 그대로 사용되지 않고 같은 의미의 다른 어휘로 출현하기도 하며, 혹은 다른 문법적 정보를 가진 카테고리로 등장하여 정답 추출에 어려움이 따른다. 따라서 본 논문은 질의에서 사용된 의미적으로 더 가까운 단어들로 구성되는 심층적 질의 카테고리의 질의 패턴을 이용한 질의 확장 방법론을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 질의 유형에 따른 개념 리스트를 우선 구축하고, 학습 알고리즘에 의해 각 질의 카테고리에 대한 개념 리스트를 구축한다. 실험의 결과로서 제안한 방법의 성능이 향상되었음을 입증하였다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

The study suggests an answer to the question of what determines category diversification of Internet portals in Korea. First, as external factors, competition intensity and market growth are hypothesized to have influence on the degree of category diversification. Second, an internal factor, user loyalty to portals, is hypothesized to influence negatively category diversification. The study performed empirical analysis based on weekly portal-specific panel data of eighteen internet portals in Korea during the period between 2001 and 2004. The result shows that category diversification increases as competition intensity increases, and that category diversification decreases as user loyalty increases. There was no effect of market-level growth rate on category diversification.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.167-185
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• 2012

본 연구는 생물 예비교사의 과학수업모형을 적용한 수업시연에 나타난 질문 유형을 분석하여 수업 전문성 향상을 위한 개선점을 찾는데 목적이 있다. 질문 유형을 분석하기 위한 질문 분석틀은 크게 범주1(인지적 영역질문, 탐구기능질문, 정의적 영역 질문), 범주2(반복질문, 범위를 좁히는 질문, 연습 질문), 범주3(학생활동 진행 질문, 기억 질문, 사고 질문) 질문 유형으로 구분되었다. 5가지 과학수업 모형을 적용한 생물 예비교사의 질문 유형을 분석한 결과, 인지적 영역질문과 기억질문이 가장 높은 빈도를 나타냈다. 순환학습모형에서는 인지적 영역 질문이 가장 많이 나타났고, 특히, 학생활동 진행형 질문은 순환학습모형의 '1차 개념도입단계'와 실험을 수행한 '2차 탐색단계'에서 많이 사용되어 단계의 특징을 나타내고자 하였다. 발견학습모형은 관찰과 측정, 분류, 일반화 과정이 통합되어 있으나 수업시연에서는 기억질문이 많았고, 탐구기능 질문의 비중이 낮게 나타났다. 탐구학습모형에서도 기억질문이 많았고, 다른 수업모형에 비해 탐구기능 질문이 탐구학습모형의 '실험설계단계'와 '실험단계'에서 많이 나타났다. STS수업모형에서는 정의적 영역질문과 사고질문이 다른 수업모형에 비해 많이 나타났다. 개념변화학습모형에서는 기억질문을 많이 사용하여 개념변화학습모형의 모든 단계에서 학생들의 오개념을 자극하고 과학적 개념의 수정에 많은 도움을 주었다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.551-557
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the questions in the 'Matter' units of elementary science textbooks under the 7th curriculum. For the analysis, a total of 338 questions were extracted from 15 units. Six criteria (recalling, recognizing, predictive, applied, divergent, and evaluative question) were reconstructed for textbook question analysis based on Blosser(1973)'s question category system for science. The results were as follows. First, there were more closed (recalling, recognizing, predictive, or applied) questions (72.2%) than open (divergent or evaluative) questions (27.8%) in elementary science textbooks. Second, cognitive-memory (recalling or recognizing) question type was the most frequently asked in all grade levels. Open (divergent or evaluative) questions increased according to grade level whereas convergent (predictive or applied) questions decreased. Third, question types were applied based on the characteristics of each unit rather than on children's developmental characteristics. Educational implications were discussed based on the results.