• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.240-243
• /
• 1997

The Quenching and Self Tempering (QST) rolling is treated in terms of an advance process on Controlled Rolling and Cooling Technology (CRCT). In the analysis, the effect of this process is governed by both quenching and finishing conditions in the related with temperature. The objective of the QST model is to simulate the temperature gradient of the stock being rolled in the rolling mill. A comparison of computer simulated and manufactured micro structure as well as mechanical properties shows a good consistency. The micro structure of this high-strength round bar consists of tempered martensite and ferrite + pearlite phases.

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.275-280
• /
• 2003

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.497-504
• /
• 1998

The manufacturing processes of the head hardened rails and the principles of the heat treatment for carbon steels are introduced in this paper, To get the good wear resistance of the rail, many kinds of microstructure had been developed for the rail head hardening. One of these is the tempered martensitic structure, which is very hard but brittle because of Quenching-Tempering Process. Another is the fine pearlitic structure by Slack Quenching. Now Banitic structure steels are emerging as a potential new material to replace eutectoid pearlitic steels for rail. The main reason of this change is due to the limitaion of pearlitic microstructure with regard to mechanical properties and wear resistances of railway rails.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국표면공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.88-91
• /
• 2013

현재 활용되고 있는 침탄질화기술과 QT + 저온 플라즈마 침질탄화 기술로 소재의 표면특성을 향상시켜 상대적인 비교를 위해 미세조직, 경도, XRD, GDS 및 Wear Test를 실시하였다. 비교결과 확산층에서의 경도는 침탄처리한 시편이 상대적으로 높았지만, 표면경도 및 Wear Test의 경우 QT+플라즈마 침질탄화처리한 시편이 더 좋은 결과를 보였다.

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.33-37
• /
• 1989

In order to improve hardness uniformity of standard-hardness blocks. experimental procedure was designed using Taguchi Method. For this purpose the following factors were studied: austenitizing temperature, tempering condition, grinding condition, subzero treatment, lapping time, $15{\mu}m$ polishing time, final polishing time. These factors were processed and then ten hardness values were measured on each specimen. SN (signal to noise) ratio for each condition was calculated with standard variations of these values. Finally, from the calculated value of ANOVA on SN ratios, the lapping time was found to be the main factor Better uniformity with longer lapping time implies that residual stress that was formed after quenching is a dominent parameter that affects on the uniformity of hardness. Therefore, step-quenching method was adapted to minimize the residual stress. By this modification of quenching procedure, the hardness uniformity was improved remarkably and the yield ratio was increased from 55% to 88%.

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.239-249
• /
• 2015

Various amount of NbC carbide was intentionally formed in a matrix-type cold-work tool steel by controlled amount of Nb and C addition. And the effect of NbC addition on the mechanical properties was investigated. Four alloys with different Nb and C contents were cast by vacuum induction melting, then hot forging and spheroidizing annealing were conducted. The machinability of the annealed specimens was examined with 3 different cutting tools. And tensile tests at room temperature were conducted. After quenching and tempering, hardness and impact toughness were measured, while wear resistance was evaluated by disk-on-plate type wear test. The increasing amount of NbC addition resulted in degraded machinability with increased strength, whereas the absence of NbC also led to poor machinability due to high toughness. After quenching and tempering, the additional NbC improved wear resistance with increasing hardness, whereas it deteriorated impact toughness. Therefore, it could be found that a moderate addition of NbC was desirable for the balanced combination of mechanical properties.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 2002

SUS420J2강은 내식성이 우수하고 강도가 커서 어류가공용 기계의 재료로써 사용되어지고 있다. 그러나 이 역시 환경의 영향에 의하여 열화되고 있으며, 특히 후처리의 조건에 따라 그 정도가 심해질 수도 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 열처리 후 전해연마한 경우에 있어서는 부식의 정도가 미약하였으나 단일 후처리방법을 사용하였을 때에는 입계부식 및 공식의 영향이 커지고 부식생성물의 생성이 용이해졌다. 실험의 결과로부터 열처리후 전해연마한 SUS420J2강의 부식정도가 가장 덜 민감하게 나타났으므로, 어류 전처리 가공기계용 재료로서 SUS420J2강의 사용에 있어서는 열처리 후 전해연마의 방법으로 후처리를 하는 것이 바람직하다고 생각된다. 금후, 경도 및 표면상태의 파라미터(parameter)를 고려한 부식시험과 현장에서의 외력의 작용을 고려한 응력부식 실험이 결과도 병행되어져야만 한다고 생각한다

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2011

Modified C95600 bronze contains Fe component of 0.7 weight percentage besides Cu-7Al-2.5Si composition. The shape of centrifugal cast is a circular pipe with thick wall. Specimens machined from the centrifugal cast were quenched in oil after isothermal holding at a given heat treatment temperature in the range of $700{\sim}900^{\circ}C$. Mechanical properties and structural morphology are depended on the quenching heat treatment temperature regardless of isothermal holding time. Tensile strength or Brinell hardness is increased with increasing heat treatment temperature. The microstructure caused by quenching contains mixing phases of ${\alpha}+{\beta}'+FeSi+{\kappa}$ which martensite of ${\beta}'$ phase has been transformed from ${\beta}$ phase. Effect of isothermal holding temperature on mechanical properties in case of quenching heat treatment attributes to the change of volume fraction of ${\beta}'$ on the structural morphology. Mechanical characteristics of specimen, initially quenched from $850^{\circ}C$, and then tempered at $500^{\circ}C$, does not show an obvious softening indication, because disappearance of ${\beta}'$ during tempering process can be compensated by precipitation of brittle phase ${\gamma}$.

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2021

The martensitic stainless steel has excellent corrosion resistance and higher strength by quenching and tempering heat treatment. It has been widely used as blade material due to these properties. The hardness and impact toughness of martensitic stainless steel depended strongly on tempering temperatures. The 12Cr martensite stainless steel (SS 410) tempered about 540℃ showed temper embrittlement. To know cause of temper embrittlement in terms of phase identification, a detailed analysis of electron diffraction patterns during TEM observations has been carried out on the <110>α-Fe and <113>α-Fe zone axes for temper embrittlement specimen. The double electron diffraction spots at 1/3(211) and 2/3(211) positions were observed. The lattice space between individual diffraction spots was about 3.5 Å and this value coincide with three times to α-bcc lattice space (1.17 Å). The area which found double diffraction spots was judged metastable "zone" similar to the omega phase and induced embrittlement of SS410 material.

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.367-373
• /
• 2023

600 MPa-grade deformed bar samples were manufactured by conventional hot rolling and subsequent Tempcore heat treatment processes. Considering the short-time water quenching step of the Tempcore process for hot-rolled steel, it is inevitable that the temperature profile of the deformed bar depends strongly on its position throughout the sample thickness. As a result, its microstructure can be easily divided into two regions, the surface and the core regions. The former is expected to have a fresh martensite microstructure under rapid cooling conditions, but self-tempering occurs due to the intense heat flow from the hot core region after the process. The latter is generally known to exhibit a mixed microstructure of ferrite and pearlite due to its slow cooling rate. In this study, detailed microstructural evolutions were examined through the thickness direction. The large variation of the microstructure through the thickness direction in the deformed bar samples is partly due to the easy carbon diffusion from the limited additions of alloying elements.