• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2000

The immunostimulatory effects of quaternary ammonium compounds(QACs) were investigated in leucocytes of eel(Anguilla japonica) in vitro. Proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBLs) was no significantly affected by QACs, regardless of mitogen(PHA, ConA and LPS) and the concentration of QACs added. QACs heightened the leucocytes function such as respiratory burst activity, phagocytosis and pinocytosis, resulting in significantly increased the bactericidal activity of macrophages. These results suggested that QAC might modulate the immune responses by activation of leucocytes function but not by increment of immunocompetent cell numbers.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 1999

A method using coloric and spectrophotometric detection have been developed for the identification of the tertiary or quaternary alkaloids contained in Corydalis tuber and its preparations. The principle is based on the formation or decomposition of complex compounds. The complex compound of the tertiary and quaternary alkaloids have been formed by adding tetrathiocyanatocobaltate [II] ion to the test soln. Diverse crude drugs were screened using this method and the results indicated that isoquinoline, aconitine-type alkaloids in crude drugs can be readily detected. The method is simple, convenient, reproducible and applicable to the verification of the crude drug Corydalis tuber and its preparations.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.286-290
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• 2006

New quaternary ammonium chlorides, [alkyldimethyl-[5-(2-phenylthiazol-4-yl]-1,3,4-oxadizol-2-ylmethyl]quaternary ammonium chlorides (ADOQACs): 6] were obtained with high yields by the reaction of compound 5 with N,N-dimethylalkyl amines in isopropyl alcohol. The structures and physical properties of the synthesized compounds were investigated and those surface-active properties were measured. The surface tension ($\gamma_{cmc}$) and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of compound 6 were found to be influenced by the number of alkyl chain carbon. Especially, compounds 6c and 6d exhibited high anti-bacterial activities and good surface-active properties.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 2005

Quaternary ammonium compounds(QACs) are some of the most commonly used antimicrobials. Antimicrobial polymers have been used as biomedical devices. In this Study, We synthesized new methacrylate monomers including quaternary ammonium moieties for preparation of contact lens, And also, we tested for antimicrobial activities against S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. They showed much higher antimicrobial activities against all than the polymers of no including quaternary ammonium.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1991

Quaternary amines which are widely used as medicines are nitrogen compounds. Metanil yellow(MY) and benzalkonium chloride(BKC) were mixed and added to 10ml of the buffer solution and then the solution was shaken for 5 minutes. The maximum absorption wavelength of the reaction product was 402 nm. Dichloromethane was the best extracting solvent among the several organic solvents and the most suitable pH range was 2~8. When the BKC-MY calibration curve was made in the best experimental condition, the Lambert-Beer's law was obeyed in the range of BKC concentration of 2$\times$$10^{-6}$~9$\times$$10^{-6}$M by UV spectrophotometer. This method was possible to determine quaternary ammonium salts in the pharmaceutical preparation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1665-1669
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• 2007

A direct regioselective α-hydroxyamination of α-branched aldehydes with nitrosobenzene using cis-5-benzylproline as catalyst has been developed for the preparation of α-hydroxyamino aldehydes possessing a quaternary carbon center. Such compounds are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of quaternary α- amino acids, β-amino alcohols, and 1,2-diamines.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.112-116
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• 2015

Extraction of quaternary ammonium compounds (choline and betaine) from plant samples (spinach) using ion exchange resin (AG1, OH⁻ form) is a very simple and inexpensive approach. However, it is very hard to determine amounts of choline and betaine simultaneously using high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) detection. Unlike choline, betaine has low molar absorptivity in UV-visible (UV-Vis) region, which makes it difficult to carry out UV-Vis detection of betaine. The mixture of quaternary ammonium compounds (choline and betaine) was derivatized using 2-bromo acetophenone as a derivatizing agent. As a result, choline did not react with the derivatizing agent, whereas betaine formed a betaine derivative. This betaine derivative exhibited detectable UV absorption with baseline separation between choline and the betaine derivative. Thus, with this method, choline and betaine can be determined simultaneously by using the HPLCUV method through one-step derivatization, which is an easy, sensitive, and reliable method.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.603-607
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• 1998

Cellulose was reacted with ethylene oxide to get hydroxyethylcellulose. Quaternary ammonium salt was produced by reaction of epichlorohydrin and trialkylamine. The epoxide ring was opened by acid addition to 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrialkylammonium chloride. Previously unreported two compounds, hydroxyethylcellulose-2-hydroxypropylammonium chloride ether and hydroxyethylcellulose-2-hydroxypropyltriethylammonium chloride ether were synthesized by substitution reaction of hydroxyethylcellulose with glycidyltrialkylammonium chloride or 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-glycidyltrialkylammonium trialkylammonium chloride. All of the compounds including starting materials and reaction intermediates were characterized by $^1H$-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.587-588
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.460-461
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• 2003

Clear rinse-off ...gels can be prepared. allowing the introduction of novel product forms. Styling gels with improved viscosity, conditioning. clarity and product aesthetics are also possible with this concept. Beyond the creation of clear product.(omitted)