• Title/Summary/Keyword: quantity survey

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Development of 9th Revision Korean Food Composition Table and Its Major Changes (국가표준식품성분표 제9개정판의 구축 과정 및 주요 특징)

  • Park, Su-Hui;Kim, Se-Na;Lee, Sang Hoon;Choe, Jeong-Sook;Choi, Youngmin
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.352-365
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: The Korean Food Composition Table (KFCT) was first published in 1970, and has since been updated every five years by the Rural Development Administration (RDA). This study was conducted to introduce the development strategies, features, and challenges of the $9^{th}$ revision of the KFCT. Methods: Due to the increasing demands of nutrient database users and generators, the RDA started a new research project in 2013 to improve the quantity and quality of data for the $9^{th}$ revision of the KFCT. Over 1,000 food items frequently consumed in Korea were selected as key foods using the results of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. About 200 raw materials and processed food items were collected and analyzed every year. Target nutrients that were analyzed by collaborative labs, such as, sugars, selenium, iodine, and biotin, were increased from 22 to 43. Analytical sample handling procedures and data quality evaluation systems were also established in collaboration with 10 contracted labs. Data were evaluated for data quality according to the FAO/INFOODS, CODEX, and AOAC guidelines. Results: The $9^{th}$ revision contains data on 3,000 food items and up to 43 and 140 food nutrients for the printed table and the excel database file, respectively. Overall, 1,485 data items were newly added, 973 of which were provided by the RDA and 512 were cited from foreign nutrient databases. The remaining 1,515 food items were maintained as in the $8^{th}$ revision. Conclusions: The KFCT provides the basic infrastructure for food and nutrition policy, research, and dietary practice in South Korea. The use of the KFCT has increased exponentially in the past few years in both public and private sectors; accordingly, increased efforts should be paid to the preparation, improvement, and maintenance of KFCT.

A Study on the Manure Management and Effectively Utilization (가축배설물 처리.이용 평가 및 효율적 활용방안)

  • Hong, Ji-Hyung
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.69-74
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    • 2009
  • A survey questionnaire that addressed the issues to manure compost producers and users was prepared. The questionnaire addressed three main topics as follows: 1) types of manure treatment and composting facilities are being operated, 2) quantity of manure compost produced and used, 3) problems experienced in producing and using manure compost. A total of 30 manure compost producers and 10 manure compost users were interviewed. Solid manure are applied to composting. Slurry and wastewater are simplified aeration method to produce liquid fertilizer. The open elongated type manure composting are generally used on manure compost centers jointly used by several farms. The amount of annually manure compost production was most common in the range of $5{\sim}10$ thousand tons per manure compost center. The manure compost utilization and cucumber yield were mostly $6{\sim}15$ tons and $20{\sim}27$ tons per 10a of cucumber farmland, respectively. Environmentally friendly use both of manure compost and chemical fertilizer are recommended for natural recycling agriculture.

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Hand Cream purchase consumer awareness of Domestic and Foreign Brands and effect of Sebum and Moisture in the Skin (국내 및 수입브랜드의 핸드크림이 소비자 구매인식과 피부 유, 수분에 미치는 영향)

  • Seo, Hyun-Woo;You, Seon-Hee
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.373-381
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    • 2016
  • To investigate the influence of hand cream of domestic and foreign brands on the purchase tendency, a survey was conducted on hand cream application, purchase tendency, and perception of 105 women in a metropolitan area. Market research was then conducted to compare the hand cream cost, quantity, and total substance, and the hand creams were sorted according to high-price and low-price, and foreign brand and domestic brand, and a clinical demonstration was conducted by back-hand application on 17 recipients to analyze the moisture and skin oil differences and the moisture endurance. As a result, the percentage of subjects who perceived that the price and brand of hand cream affects the quality was higher than those who did not, and the hand cream prize per 1mg (g) varied as much as fourfold among the high-price and low-price, and among foreign and domestic brands. The result of the total substance comparison, glycerin the moisturizer and cetearyl alcohol the skin conditioner were included in all hand creams. As a result of the clinical demonstration, the difference in moisture and skin oil difference and moisture endurance between the high-price and low-price and foreign brand did not show a statistically significant difference. These results show that there are no relationships between skin moisture and sebeum of the brand. Therefore, considering that hand cream is a highly consumptive product that is used multiple times on a daily basis, these results might provide fundamental data that could contribute to the increase in hand cream product quality by determining the consumers' needs.

Survey on the Intake and Consumption Patterns of Milk and Dairy Products by Elementary School Students (초등학생의 우유 및 유제품 섭취 양상과 소비 성향에 관한 조사)

  • Nam, Eun-Sook;Jung, A-Young;Park, Shin-In
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.191-203
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    • 2011
  • We conducted a study to investigate milk and dairy products consumption among elementary school students to identify ways to increase their intake of milk and dairy products. We asked 518 students in Seoul to fill out questionnaire. Only 55.6% of the subjects consumed milk daily, and 43.7% of them drank at least 1 cup per day. The frequency and quantity of milk consumption were higher in male students than female students. The majority of the subjects consumed whole milk, and most students(59.5%) preferred flavored milk to whole milk. The reasons given for drinking milk included 'wanting to be tall'(66.1%) and 'for good health'(47.1%), while the main reason given for not drinking milk was stomach pain (68.4%). Records of having an unpleasant experience and upset stomach after drinking milk occurred at a higher rate for those who did not drink milk(84.2%) than for those who did(53.3%). Of the students questioned, 36.9% consumed dairy products other than milk 3~4 times per week, and liquid-type yoghurt(43.8%) and ice cream(35.4%) were the preferred dairy products among students. The reasons given for consuming dairy products were 'good taste'(56.6%), 'good to eat'(46.6%), 'wanting to be tall'(32.4%), and 'for good health' (25.4%). Among those students who did not consumed dairy products, the major reason given was 'family does not eat at home'(33.3%). After consuming the dairy products, 71.4% of participants thought that dairy products did not result in physical improvement. Most students had experienced purchasing milk and dairy products by themselves. When they bought milk or dairy products, the reasons given for making a particular selection were 'shelf-life'(61.6%) for milk, and 'favorite dairy products'(54.1%) for dairy products. According to participants, the factors that need to be considered for milk and dairy product consumption among elementary school students are 'higher nutrition' (60.8%), 'better sanitation'(57.3%), and 'better quality and taste'(55.2%).

Study on Activate Methods for Digital Contents Service to Support Academic Courses in e-Learning (e-Learning 강의 지원을 위한 디지털콘텐츠 서비스 활성화 방안연구 - I 대학 교수.학생.도서관서비스를 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Jong-Won;Go, Chan
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.89-102
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    • 2010
  • The present thesis aims to analyze in consideration of recent changes in teaching environment in the universities the commercial digital contents and e-learning courses provided by the libraries, and to propose the ways to encourage university library service needed under the current situation. A survey of professors and students upon the quality of commercial digital contents service provided by the libraries in I University was made to measure its influence upon e-learning courses. The quality of commercial digital contents service provided by libraries was measured through Digital Library Service Quality Index (which will be referred as DL-SQL Model from here), which is used as a model to examine the Digital Library Service, with partial adjustments of 4 levels (information system service, digital books service, customer service quality, and customer community service) and 7 components (search possibility, an exclusive organization and interface, accessibility, digital books, customer support service, personalized service, and customer community). Among the library services in regard to digital contents, "customer service" and "customer community service" were analyzed to have stronger influence upon e-learning teaching and studying than quality-based service for "information system" and "digital books". Consequently, it is concluded that customized information service provided by the library for the professors who teach e-learning courses and their students is more influential to supporting e-learning courses than quantity pushing service through purchasing commercial digital contents, upon which the direction of digital contents policy to provide library services for e-learning courses should be based.

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A Survey of the Effect of Nursing Students on Community Health Knowledge (간호학생 실습이 지역주민의 보건지식 및 태도에 미치는 영향 -연세대학교 간호대학 보건간호학 실습을 중심으로-)

  • 조원정;김의숙;이정숙
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.111-119
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    • 1973
  • The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the delivery of health services effects the health knowledge of the recipients of that service. 10 was hypothesized that the practical application of theory, though health services rendered by public health nursing students during their field experiences. would have a positive relationship with the quantity and quality of health knowledge of the female population of a given community. In April 1970, ninety five women(between an age 15-49) from Koyang-Gun were interviewed regarding their knowledge and attitudes in four areas of health: maternal health, child health. family planning and tuberculosis prevention. After 11 years(Nov. l971), during which time the women received home visits by student nurses, the women were again interviewed using the original questionnaire. Additionally, they were asked where they had received information about each question. During the 1$\frac{1}{2}$ year period the visits were made by a total of 112 students. They visited the community twice a week. The result were as follows: Maternal health There was marked improvement in the knowledge of specific aspects of maternal health such as the proper instruments needed for cutting the cord and nutritional precaution of pregnancy (p<0.05). In each case 42.0 percent of more of this knowledge was attributed to information gained from the nursing students. However even after the nursing students'visits, the knowledge of other general areas of maternal remained poor. Child health There were increases in the knowledge of the respondents for the time to supplement breast feeding and for time to wean infants (p<0.05). In each case 35.0 percent or more of this information was attributed to the student. The increase in knowledge regarding types of immunization was more often attributed to the clinic nurse than to the nursing students. Knowledge of the necessity of booster immunization was poor both before and after the visits by the nursing students. Family planing There were significant increases in correct information regarding the time of I.U.D. insertion (P<0.05) and method of taking the oral pill (P<0.05). More than 42.0 percent of the increase was attributed to the nursing students'visits. However there was a slight decrease in correct information about concept of family planning. Tuberculosis There was a general lack of improvement in all areas concerned with tuberculosis. Two thirds of the respondents felt tuberculosis was hereditary and did not know what B.C.G. was. From this study, it could be concluded that in specific area the health knowledge of the female population studied was positively effected by the visits of the nursing students. The study also, suggests, however, that there was a marked unevenness in the overall increase in health knowledge. This raises serious questions which require further research. Suggested areas for further research are (1) Adequacy of the course content preparing nurses for the field experience. (2) A public health nursing manual for student reference. (3) Where and when specific aspects of health can be taught most effectively.

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Development of 3-Dimensional Rebar Detail Design and Placing Drawing System (3차원 배근설계 및 배근시공도 작성 자동화 시스템 개발)

  • Choi, Hyun-Chul;Lee, Yunjae;Lee, Si Eun;Kim, Chee Kyeong
    • Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.289-296
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    • 2014
  • The rebar detailing is an important work influencing the final performance and quality of RC structures. But it is one of the most irrational and illogical activity in construction site. Many groups of workers, including main contractors, structural engineers, shop drawers, rebar fabricators, and etc., participate in this activity. A loosely-organized process for this activity is apt to produce a big amount of rebar loss or even degraded structures. A 3-dimensional rebar auto-placing system, called as Rebar Hub, has been designed and implemented in this research. Rebar Hub provides a totally integrated service from 3D structural modeling of buildings to rebar auto-placing considering anchorage, splice, and the length of ordered rebar. In addition, Rebar Hub can recognize the 2D drawing CAD files and then build 3D structural models which are used for the start point of 3D rebar auto-placing. After rebar auto-placing, each members of the 3D structural model have rebar information belonging to them. It means that the rebar information can be used for the afterward works such as quantity-survey, manufacturing and fabrication of rebars. Rebar Hub is showing outstanding performance while applying to practical projects. It has almost five times productivity and reduces the rebar loss up to 3~8% of the initially-surveyed amount of rebar.

Analysis on Organization Performance Based on Hospital Culture (기독병원과 일반병원의 조직문화 특성에 따른 조직성과 분석)

  • Kim, Woon-Shin;Nam, Eun-Woo
    • Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.242-265
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    • 1999
  • Our study attempt is to see organizational performance according to the differences between types of hospital cultures. To determine theoretical relationship between the organizational culture and the performance, we select two hospitals in Pusan which are different in the purposes and shapes of establishment. We surveyed their members on a questionnaire based on the type of the organizational culture of the two institutions, analyzed, and review its organizational effectiveness. For the survey with questionnaires, which had been preliminary studied to raise its validity, question forms were distributed to 528 persons in April, 1999 based on the self-responses and recollected within 48 hours. The recollection rate was high(89.96%) and the quantity of questionnaires used for our final analysis was 430(81.44%). The Cronbach Coefficient Alpha of the questionnaires was 0.742. Regarding statistical techniques for analysis of the written materials, dispersion analysis(ANOVA) was adapted to test the organizational effectiveness of the two hospitals having the different organizational cultures, and Pearson Correlation was applied to determine correlations was among all variables. T-test was performed to test organizational effectiveness based on the differences in the extent of sharing the culture, organizational committment and work satisfaction between the two health institutions. From our analysis, we obtain the following conclusions. First, concerning with organizational culture of the two hospital, one of which is a christian hospital and the other is a private foundation hospital, the former is conservative and human-oriented but the latter focuses on renovation and accomplishment. Second, the private establishment has a relatively higher organizational effectiveness that the religious hospital as a result of analyzing the extent of sharing culture, organizational committment and work satisfaction. Third, it has been found that the correlations between the extent of the sharing culture and the organizational committment, the extent and work satisfaction, and the committment and the satisfaction are respectively positive influencing organizational effectiveness, especially work satisfaction. Fourth, cultural factors by which the christian hospital is affected more positively including human relations among its members, belief, its idea of establishment, tradition, work responsibility, power, and wage. On the other hand, factors such as director's leadership, personnel management, wage, hospital regulations and department managers' management ability have been seen as negative influences in order. And fifth, for the private foundation hospital human relations among its members, wages, work responsibility, director's leadership and department managers' management ability were positive in their sequence while wages, personnel management, hospital regulations, welfare and department managers' management ability were considered as negative influences in order. As these results of this study, the higher extent of sharing organizational culture, the more increasing in both organization committment and work satisfaction, the higher the effectiveness. Although it was somewhat difficult to generalize the results whose subjects were the two hospitals only, it was obvious that organizational culture was an important influential factor of organizational effectiveness. It is questionable that the extent of sharing organizational culture, organizational committment and work satisfaction as variables affecting the effectiveness have their validity, but this study has its significance in that it provided an approaching to evaluate the organizational culture of individual hospitals making allowances for such variables related to the general activities in its hospital. We hope the results of the study could be useful for the managerial strategies of the institutions.

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A Study on Estimating Time for PRD (Percussion Rotary Drill) Piling Work (도심지 토공사 PRD (Percussion Rotary Drill) 공법의 천공작업 소요시간 산정 방안에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Yong-Gyu;Choi, Chang-Hoon;Han, Choong-Hee;Lee, Junbok
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.3-10
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    • 2018
  • In recent years, mechanized construction has become commonplace due to increases in the scale and complexity of construction, and construction machinery is a major factor in successful construction. However, even though the proportion of construction machinery is increasing, analysis of the work capacity of construction machinery is inadequate. In addition, since the standards for all construction machines are currently not defined in quantity-per-unit, the construction period is arbitrarily applied according to the operator at the time of the construction plan. As a result, the construction period of the actual construction is insufficient, and rushed work or construction delays occur. Therefore, in this study, in order to calculate the construction period of the piling work of the pile driver used in the PRD method more accurately than the existing method, the formula for calculating the time required for the piling work of the pile driver was established by collecting piling time data from the daily task reports through the field survey. If the precise construction period of piling work is estimated based on the results of this study, it will be possible to prevent the rushed work and construction delays that occur due to the short construction period.

Distributional Trait of Welfare Facilities in Taegu. (대구의 사회복지시설 분포특성)

  • Bae, Sook-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.81-98
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    • 1997
  • This treatise made a general survey of the welfare policy in our country, and examined the present condition of welfare facilities and distributional trait in Taegu, setting the limits of welfare to welfare facilities. As the result, I could get conclusion like this. First, the present condition of welfare facilities in Taegu exceeds the national average value. Second, the distribution of housing facilities generally corresponds with the distributional area of low-income class and has an unbalanced distributional trait. Third, public facilities are distributed in periphery of the city and we can see they are regarded as loathsome facilities. Lastly, most of the welfare facilities except welfare house are small-scale and worn-out and also petty because they are run by individuals. With basis on this result of the research. I want to make these suggestions. That is, the improvement in quality than in quantity must be made. In addition, until now welfare facilities have restricted users, but from now on they must be converted to public services for most of a nation. To realize those things, welfare facilities must be located in the site where traffic is convenient and medical facilities are neighboring. In conclusion, the socialization of welfare facilities must be carried out.

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