• 제목/요약/키워드: quality model

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Physiochemical characteristics and fermentation ability of milk from Czech Fleckvieh cows are related to genetic polymorphisms of β-casein, κ-casein, and β-lactoglobulin

  • Kyselova, Jitka;Jecminkova, Katerina;Matejickova, Jitka;Hanus, Oto;Kott, Tomas;Stipkova, Miloslava;Krejcova, Michaela
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.14-22
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    • 2019
  • Objective: The aim of the study was to find a possible association between the ${\beta}-$ and ${\kappa}-casein$ and ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ genotypes and important milk physiochemical and technological characteristics such as acidity, alcohol stability, the contents of some minerals and the parameters of acid fermentation ability (FEA) in Czech Fleckvieh Cattle. Methods: Milk and blood samples were collected from 338 primiparous Czech Fleckvieh cows at the same stage of lactation. The genotypes of individual cows for ${\kappa}-casein$ (alleles A, B, and E) and ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ (alleles A and B) were ascertained by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, while their ${\beta}-casein$ (alleles $A^1$, $A^2$, $A^3$, and B) genotype was determined using melting curve genotyping analysis. The data collected were i) milk traits including active acidity (pH), titratable acidity (TA), alcohol stability (AS); calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) contents; and ii) yoghurt traits including active acidity (Y-pH), titratable acidity (Y-TA), and the counts of both Lactobacilli and Streptococci in 1 mL of yoghurt. A linear model was assumed with fixed effects of herd, year, and season of calving, an effect of the age of the cow at first calving and effects of the casein and lactoglobulin genotypes of ${\beta}-CN$ (${\beta}-casein$, CSN2), ${\kappa}-CN$ (${\kappa}-casein$, CSN3), and ${\beta}-LG$ (${\beta}-lactoglobulin$, LGB), or the three-way interaction between those genes. Results: The genetic polymorphisms were related to the milk TA, AS, content of P and Ca, Y-pH and Lactobacilli number in the fresh yoghurt. The CSN3 genotype was significantly associated with milk AS (p<0.05). The effect of the composite CSN2-CSN3-LGB genotype on the investigated traits mostly reflected the effects of the individual genes. It significantly influenced TA (p<0.01), Y-pH (p<0.05) and the log of the Lactobacilli count (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the yoghurt fermentation test together with milk proteins genotyping could contribute to milk quality control and highlight new perspectives in dairy cattle selection.

Determinant Factors in Cost to Feed for Long-Term Care Facilities Residents (장기요양 시설서비스 식사재료비 크기 결정요인 분석)

  • Kwon, Jinhee;Han, Eun-Jeong;Jang, Hyemin;Lee, Hee Seung
    • Health Policy and Management
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.195-205
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    • 2019
  • Background: The food and food service influence the quality of life and the general health condition of older persons living in long-term care (LTC) facilities. Purchasing good food materials is a ground of good food service. In Korea, the residents in LTC facilities should pay for the cost of food materials and ingredients out of their pocket because it is not covered by LTC insurance. This study explored what factors affect the cost of food materials paid by LTC facility residents and which factor affects most. Methods: We used data from the study on out-of-pocket payment on national LTC insurance, which surveyed 1,552 family caregivers of older residents in LTC facilities. We applied conditional multi-level model, of which the first level represents the characteristics of care receivers and caregivers and its second level reflects those of LTC facilities. Results: We found that the facility residents with college-graduated family caregivers paid 11,545 Korean won more than those with less than elementary-graduated ones. However, the income level of family caregivers did not significantly affect the amount of the food material cost of the residents. The residents in privately owned, large, metropolitan-located facilities were likely to pay more than those in other types of facilities. The amount of the food material cost of the residents was mainly decided by the facility level factors rather than the characteristics of care recipients and their family caregivers (intra-class correlation=82%). Conclusion: These findings suggest that it might be effective to design a policy targeting facilities rather than residents in order to manage the cost of food materials of residents in LTC facilities. Setting a standard price for food materials in LTC facilities, like Japan, could be suggested as a feasible policy option. It needs to inform the choice of LTC users by providing comparable food material cost information. The staffing requirement of nutritionist also needs to be reviewed.

Effect of Different Variable Selection and Estimation Methods on Performance of Fault Diagnosis (이상진단 성능에 미치는 변수선택과 추정방법의 영향)

  • Cho, Hyun-Woo
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.20 no.9
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    • pp.551-557
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    • 2019
  • Diagnosis of abnormal faults is essential for producing high quality products. The role of real-time diagnosis is quite increasing in the batch processes of producing high value-added products such as semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, and so forth. In this study, we evaluate the effect of variable selection and future-value estimation techniques on the performance of the diagnosis system, which is based on nonlinear classification and measurement data. The diagnostic performance can be improved by selecting only the variables that are important and have high contribution for diagnosis. Thus, the diagnostic performance of several variable selection techniques is compared and evaluated. In addition, missing data of a new batch, called future observations, should be estimated because the full data of a new batch is not available before the end of the cycle. In this work the use of different estimation techniques is analyzed. A case study on the polyvinyl chloride batch process was carried out so that optimal variable selection and estimation methods were obtained: maximum 21.9% and 13.3% improvement by variable selection and maximum 25.8% and 15.2% improvement by estimation methods.

Variations of Shared Learning in Trading Zone: Focus on the Case of Teachers in the 'Learning Community of Woodworking' (교역지대 내에서 공유된 배움의 다양한 변주: 목공 학습 공동체 교사들의 사례를 중심으로)

  • Jung, Young-Hee;Shin, Sein;Lee, Jun-Ki
    • Journal of Science Education
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.239-257
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    • 2019
  • This study attempts to understand the context of shared learning in the trading zone formed by teachers from different backgrounds and the process in which this shared learning varies in the educational context, focusing on the case of 'Woodwork Science Education Study Group.' To do this, data was collected through in-depth interviews with eight teachers who participated in the 'Woodworking Science Education Research Group' and analyzed their responses based on grounded theory. As a result, the causal conditions of the teachers' research group were 'various contexts of entering the trading zone' and the central phenomenon was 'encounter with learning in the trading zone.' Contextual conditions affecting this phenomenon were 'woodwork as a boundary object and individual transfiguration experience,' and action/interaction strategy was 'various efforts and influences in the field.' The intervention condition was 'practical effort and experience in educational field.' Final result in this model is 'the new practice of learning shared in the trading zone.' In selective coating, it was found that the practice of the teacher's research group appears as four types of' 'Extracurricular creative experience type,' 'career education type,' 'curricula education type,' and 'school management type.' The results of this study suggest that the shared learning and antonymous practice among teachers in the teachers' research group as trading zone do not only meet their learning needs but also lead to various teaching practices in the individual teachers' context of education and improve the diversity and quality of education.

Impact of NR1I2, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside compound K in healthy Chinese volunteers

  • Zhou, Luping;Chen, Lulu;Wang, Yaqin;Huang, Jie;Yang, Guoping;Tan, Zhirong;Wang, Yicheng;Liao, Jianwei;Zhou, Gan;Hu, Kai;Li, Zhenyu;Ouyang, Dongsheng
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.460-474
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    • 2019
  • Background: Ginsenoside compound K (CK) is a promising drug candidate for rheumatoid arthritis. This study examined the impact of polymorphisms in NR1I2, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes on the pharmacokinetics of CK in healthy Chinese individuals. Methods: Forty-two targeted variants in seven genes were genotyped in 54 participants using Sequenom MassARRAY system to investigate their association with major pharmacokinetic parameters of CK and its metabolite 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD). Subsequently, molecular docking was simulated using the AutoDock Vina program. Results: ABCC4 rs1751034 TT and rs1189437 TT were associated with increased exposure of CK and decreased exposure of 20(S)-PPD, whereas CFTR rs4148688 heterozygous carriers had the lowest maximum concentration ($C_{max}$) of CK. The area under the curve from zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration ($AUC_{last}$) of CK was decreased in NR1I2 rs1464602 and rs2472682 homozygous carriers, while $C_{max}$ was significantly reduced only in rs2472682. ABCC4 rs1151471 and CFTR rs2283054 influenced the pharmacokinetics of 20(S)-PPD. In addition, several variations in ABCC2, ABCC4, CFTR, and NR1I2 had minor effects on the pharmacokinetics of CK. Quality of the best homology model of multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) was assessed, and the ligand interaction plot showed the mode of interaction of CK with different MRP4 residues. Conlusion: ABCC4 rs1751034 and rs1189437 affected the pharmacokinetics of both CK and 20(S)-PPD. NR1I2 rs1464602 and rs2472682 were only associated with the pharmacokinetics of CK. Thus, these hereditary variances could partly explain the interindividual differences in the pharmacokinetics of CK.

Directions for Developing Database Schema of Records in Archives Management Systems (영구기록물관리를 위한 기록물 데이터베이스 스키마 개발 방향)

  • Yim, Jin-Hee;Lee, Dae-Wook;Kim, Eun-Sil;Kim, Ik-Han
    • The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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    • no.34
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    • pp.57-105
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    • 2012
  • The CAMS(Central Archives Management System) of NAK(National Archives of Korea) is an important system which receives and manages large amount of electronic records annually from 2015. From the point of view in database design, this paper analyzes the database schema of CAMS and discusses the direction of overall improvement of the CAMS. Firstly this research analyzes the tables for records and folders in the CAMS database which are core tables for the electronic records management. As a result, researchers notice that it is difficult to trust the quality of the records in the CAMS, because two core tables are entirely not normalized and have many columns whose roles are unknown. Secondly, this study suggests directions of normalization for the tables for records and folders in the CAMS database like followings: First, redistributing the columns into proper tables to reduce the duplication. Second, separating the columns about the classification scheme into separate tables. Third, separating the columns about the records types and sorts into separate tables. Lastly, separating metadata information related to the acquisition, takeover and preservation into separate tables. Thirdly, this paper suggests considerations to design and manage the database schema in each phase of archival management. In the ingest phase, the system should be able to process large amount of records as batch jobs in time annually. In the preservation phase, the system should be able to keep the management histories in the CAMS as audit trails including the reclassification, revaluation, and preservation activities related to the records. In the access phase, the descriptive metadata sets for the access should be selected and confirmed in various ways. Lastly, this research also shows the prototype of conceptual database schema for the CAMS which fulfills the metadata standards for records.

An Analysis of Drawing Government Supporting Policies for Mutual Growth of Shippers and Ship owners using CFPR method (CFPR을 이용한 선사 및 화주 상생을 위한 정책지원방안 도출에 관한 연구)

  • Nam, Tae-Hyun;Yeo, Gi-Tae
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.95-105
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    • 2019
  • The failure of company management that does not overcome the recession of shipping economy has negative impact on front-end and back-end industries in relation to shipping industry overall. This study aims to derive a measure of government policy support for win-win of ship owners and shippers by performing a survey with experts in ship owners, shippers, and port-related institutions. This study employed a consistent fuzzy preference relation (CFPR) method to provide the priority of government policies. The study results showed that out of all 14 policies, the policy perceived most important was "expansion of participation in share of shipping company or ships of shipper (0.102)" followed by "strengthening of national shipper-centered service quality (0.101)", and "providing a long-term transportation contract model of container cargo (0.085)". To recover the Korean shipping industry via win-win of ship owners and shipper, the policy enforcement is important through correct government policy establishment and priority selection. In this regard, this study contributed to proposing policies and priority of the policies. For the future study, detailed analysis on comparison of perception difference among stakeholders in the shipping industry is needed.

Hybrid Energy Storage System with Emergency Power Function of Standardization Technology (비상전원 기능을 갖는 하이브리드 에너지저장시스템 표준화 기술)

  • Hong, Kyungjin
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.187-192
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    • 2019
  • Hybrid power storage system with emergency power function for demand management and power outage minimizes the investment cost in the building of buildings and factories requiring emergency power generation facilities, We propose a new business model by developing technology that can secure economical efficiency by reducing power cost at all times. Normally, system power is supplied to load through STS (Static Transfer Switch), and PCS is connected to system in parallel to perform demand management. In order to efficiently operate the electric power through demand forecasting, the EMS issues a charge / discharge command to the ESS as a PMS (Power Management System), and the PMS transmits the command to the PCS controller to operate the system. During the power outage, the STS is rapidly disengaged from the system, and the PCS becomes an independent power supply and can supply constant voltage / constant frequency power to the load side. Therefore, it is possible to secure reliability through verification of actual system linkage and independent operation performance of hybrid ESS, By enabling low-carbon green growth technology to operate in conjunction with an efficient grid, it is possible to improve irregular power quality and contribute to peak load by generating renewable energy through ESS linkage. In addition, the ESS is replacing the frequency follow-up reserve, which is currently under the charge of coal-fired power generation, and thus it is anticipated that the operation cost of the LNG generator with high fuel cost can be reduced.

Current Status and Prospect of Wheat Functional Genomics using Next Generation Sequencing (차세대 염기서열분석을 통한 밀 기능유전체 연구의 현황과 전망)

  • Choi, Changhyun;Yoon, Young-Mi;Son, Jae-Han;Cho, Seong-Woo;Kang, Chon-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.50 no.4
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    • pp.364-377
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    • 2018
  • Hexaploid wheat (common wheat/bread wheat) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world and a model for research of an allopolyploid plant with a large, highly repetitive genome. In the heritability of agronomic traits, variation in gene presence/absence plays an important role. However, there have been relatively few studies on the variation in gene presence/absence in crop species, including common wheat. Recently, a reference genome sequence of common wheat has been fully annotated and published. In addition, advanced next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology provides high quality genome sequences with continually decreasing NGS prices, thereby dawning full-scale wheat functional genomic studies in other crops as well as common wheat, in spite of their large and complex genomes. In this review, we provide information about the available tools and methodologies for wheat functional genomics research supported by NGS technology. The use of the NGS and functional genomics technology is expected to be a powerful strategy to select elite lines for a number of germplasms.

A Study on the Effectiveness of Wind Corridor Construction forImproving Urban Thermal Environment: A Case study of Changwon, South Korea (도시 열환경 개선을 위한 취약지역 선정 및 바람길 조성 방안: 창원시를 대상으로)

  • Kim, Jong-Sung;Kang, Jung-Eun
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.187-202
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    • 2021
  • This study examined the effectiveness of wind corridor construction by analyzing the thermal environment, cold air generation, ventilation, and geographical characteristics to improve urban thermal environment and establish the basis for specialized strategy in Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. Using spatial analysis and remote sensing techniques, surface temperature, land cover and land use, wind field, and slope were measured and through this, a wind corridor analysis model was constructed. As a result of the analysis as of 2020, Changwon-si generally has land cover characteristics that are advantageous for the generation of cold air, but the temperature in most urban areas is the highest, and the temperature in areas such as north Changwon area, Jinbukmyeon, Ung-dong, and Ungcheon-dong are relatively high. There was a typical trend of high average wind speed in mountain regions and low average wind speed in urban areas. Accordingly, the north Changwon area, the former Changwon downtown area, the Hogye-ri and Pyeongseong-ri areas, and the Changpo Bay area are derived as vulnerable areas to thermal environment, and various measures to reduce temperature and improve air quality that the inflow of cold air into the area considering the characteristics of each area and securing wind ventilation between the surrounding mountains, reservoirs, and park areas were proposed.