• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1059-1064
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• 2006

Six muscles were seamed out randomly from Hanwoo carcasses (n = 12) of each quality grade (quality grades 1, 2 and 3). Samples were analysed for their total and soluble collagen contents, IMCT (intramuscular connective tissue) and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). Simple correlation (n = 21) was determined for WBSF among major muscles. For LT (longissimus thoracis), total collagen content was significantly higher (p<0.05) for quality grade 3 than those for quality grades 1 and 2. For semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM), psoas major (PM) and serratus ventralis (SV), total collagen content of quality grade 1 was lowest (p<0.05) of all quality grades. IMCT shear force for gluteus medius (GM) decreased (p<0.05) with better quality grade, and those for other muscles, with the exception of GM, were higher (p<0.05) for quality grade 3 than for quality grades 1 and 2. WBSF values showed GM and LT to be decreased (p<0.05) with better quality grade, and PM to be higher (p<0.05) for quality grade 3 than those for quality grades 1 and 2. SM, ST and SV from quality grade 1 had lower (p<0.05) WBSF value than those from quality grades 2 and 3. Total collagen content of ST was highest (p<0.05) of all muscles, whereas that of PM was lowest (p<0.05). Soluble collagen contents of LT and SV from quality grades 1 and 2 were, in general, higher (p<0.05) than other muscles, but that of SM was lowest (p<0.05). ST and SM had higher (p<0.05) WBSF values for three quality grades when compared to other muscles, whereas PM was lowest (p<0.05). LT had the strongest simple correlation with SV (r = 0.78) and GM (r = 0.77), and SM had the strongest correlation with ST (r = 0.73) and LT (r = 0.73). Also, PM had the strongest correlation with SV (r = 0.62).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.2996-3005
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• 2011

본 연구는 한라봉의 소비자 선호도 조사를 통하여 객관적인 품질등급 기준을 설정하는데 있다. 지금까지 한라봉의 품질등급은 선과기를 이용한 크기에 따른 상품 구별과, 농 감협과 일부 영농 법인에서 비파괴 선과기를 이용하여 선별되어진 자체적인 브랜드에 준하여 품질등급을 제시하여 왔다. 그 등급 설정은 과학적 객관적이거나, 소비자의 니즈에 의한 것이 아니라 편의에 위한 관행적 등급으로 판단된다. 그 등급 내용을 보면 당도 $13^{\circ}Bx$ 이상, 산1.0% 이하로 일률적으로 적용하여 사용되어지고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 한라봉의 소비자 선호도 조사를 통한 소비자 만족도에 근거하여 당도 5등급, 산도 7등급으로 총 35개 등급으로 구분하였다. 이를 바탕으로 1등급에서 5등급까지의 5개의 등급을 설정하고 상품(1~3등급)과 비상품(4~5등급)으로 구분하였다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

본 연구는 수입건초의 품질평가를 통해 사료가치를 평가하고 초종 및 등급별 현황을 파악하고자 수행되었다. 수입건초의 품질 평가를 위하여 2016년부터 2018년까지 전국 건초 수입상, TMR 회사와 축산 농가에서 목건초 9종 133점을 수집하였다. 수입건초의 품질등급이 3~4등급 수준으로 대부분의 수입건초가 사료성분이 낮은 것으로 판단된다. 알팔파의 품질등급별 사료성분은 ADF, Ash, TDN 및 DDM에서 유의적인 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05). 알팔파에 표기된 품질등급이 사료성분을 통해서 산출된 실제 품질 등급과 유사하지 않았다. 화본과목초의 품질등급별 사료성분은 DM 및 CP를 제외한 모든 항목에서 유의적인 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05). 국내에 유통되는 화본과목초 중에서 저품질인 품질등급 미표기가 49%를 차지하고 있으므로 사료성분에 따른 품질기준 제시가 시급하다. 이상으로 수입건초의 사료성분을 검토하였을 때 표시된 품질등급보다 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 이는 수입건초에 표시된 품질등급만으로 판매가격을 책정하는 것은 축산 농가 및 사료제조사 등에 경제적 손실을 야기한다고 볼 수 있다. 수입건초의 품질등급을 재 검토하는 제도적 장치가 마련되어야 한다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.110-119
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• 2010

본 연구는 수소 및 거세우(24-30개월) 15두(각 육질등급별 3두씩)를 공시 축으로 이용하여 한우육의 부위(목심, 채끝, 우둔, 양지머리, 등심)에 따른 육질등급($1^{++}$, $1^+$, 1, 2, 3)의 지방산 조성을 비교하였다. 지방산 조성에서 C16:0 함량은 목심, 채끝과 우둔부위 3등급이 다른 등급보다 유의적으로 높았던 반면 양지머리와 등심부위에서는 2등급이 각각 28.26%, 28.74%로 3등급 26.16%, 25.30%보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). C18:1n9 함량은 목심 부위에서는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았지만 채끝, 우둔, 양지머리와 등심부위에서는 $1^{++}$등급이 3등급보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). C18:3n3 함량은 채끝, 우둔과 목심 부위에서는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았고 양지머리부위에서 $1^{++}$등급이 0.15%로 다른 등급보다 높았는데 등심부위에서는 3등급이 0.23%로 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). C18:3n6 함량은 목심과 등심부위에서만 유의적인 차이가 나타났는데 2등급이 다른 등급보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). SFA 함량은 다섯 부위에서 $1^{++}$ 등급이 3등급보다 유의적으로 낮은 반면에 MUFA 함량은 $1^{++}$등급이 3등급보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났고(p<0.05) PUFA 함량은 3등급이 다른 등급보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). n-3 계열 불포화지방산 함량은 목심, 채끝과 우둔부위에는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 양지머리부위는 $1^{++}$ 등급이 0.15%로 다른 등급보다 높았던 반면 등심부위는 3등급이 0.23%로 다른 등급보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). n-6 계열 불포화지방산은 5 부위에서 3등급이 다른 등급보다 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타냈다(p<0.05).

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2008

We separately cultured follicular oocytes collected from individual ovaries of slaughtered Korean native cows and examined both the embryonic development rate and pregnancy rate after embryo transplantation according to the meat yield and quality grades of the source beef carcass. Oocytes from meat yield grade B cows exhibited a higher fertilization rate and embryonic developmental rate to the eight-cell stage than oocytes from grade A or C animals (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in rate of development to the blastocyst stage among meat yield grades A, Band C. The oocyte cleavage rate and development rate to the eight-cell stage from meat quality grade 3 cattle was higher than grades 1++, 1+, 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Embryos derived from grade animals displayed a development rate to the blastocyst stage of 19.4%, which was also higher than all other meat quality grades (p<0.05). Transplantation of in vitro-cultured oocytes from meat yield grade A ovaries led to a higher pregnancy rate (64.2%) than in vitro-cultured oocytes from meat yield grade B ovaries (56.5%), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in pregnancy or abortion rates. In conclusion, embryonic development rate and pregnancy rate has a close relation to meat quality grades of the source beef carcass, this results is to give information for the Korean native cows improvement of breed.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.305-316
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• 2013

The strategy for increasing the palatability of Hanwoo beef through fattening could lead to a decline in yield grade. The aim of this study was to examine the meat quality traits of Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle from carcasses of Hanwoo steers at different yield grades. A total of 246 Hanwoo steers was divided into the following yield grades: A (n=77), B (n=76) and C (n=93). Meat quality traits, including proximate composition, cholesterol content, nucleotide content, dipeptide content, creatine and creatinine, free amino acid content, fatty acid composition, instrumental meat color, pH, water holding capacity, drip loss, cooking loss, and sensory qualities of the LD muscle from the 3 yield grades of Hanwoo carcasses were measured. The decline in yield grade from A to C resulted in an increase in crude fat and cholesterol content as well as a decrease in inosine 5'-monophosphate and aspartic acid in the LD muscle (p<0.05). In terms of fatty acid composition, the LD muscle from yield grade A had higher SFA and PUFA and lower MUFA content than that from yield grade C (p<0.05). However, the ratio of PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 did not differ among LD muscles from the 3 yield grades. There were no significant differences among other meat quality traits in relation to the yield grade. In conclusion, we suggest that the changes of substances related with health and flavor can be considered in order to obtain better quality Hanwoo beef.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.3430-3438
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• 2011

본 연구는 감귤의 소비자 선호도 조사를 통하여 객관적인 품질기준을 제시하는데 있다. 지금까지 제주 감귤의 품질 등급은 선과기를 이용한 크기에 따른 상품 구별과, 농 감협과 일부 영농 법인에서 비파괴 선과기를 이용하여 선별되어진 감귤을 자체적인 브랜드에 준하여 등급을 제시하여 왔다. 그 등급 설정은 과학적 객관적이거나, 소비자의 니즈에 의한 것이 아니라 편의에 위한 관행적 등급으로 판단된다. 그 등급 내용을 보면 최고등급 브랜드인 경우 당도 $12^{\circ}Bx$ 이상, 산도 1% 미만을 요구하고, 다음 등급 브랜드인 경우는 당도 $11^{\circ}Bx$, 산도 1% 미만을 요구하는 등 높은 당도와 낮은 산도를 천편일률적으로 적용하여 사용되어지고 있다. 따라서 감귤의 소비자 선호도 조사를 통한 소비자 만족도에 근거하여 당도 4등급, 산도 4등급으로 총 16개 등급으로 구분하였고, 이를 바탕으로 1등급에서 5등급까지의 5개의 등급을 설정하였다.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2019

These studies were conducted to evaluate developmental competence of follicular oocyte collected from the ovaries of Hanwoo cows with the high offspring meat quality (1++ and 1+ grade). Cumulus oocyte complexes from individual cows were matured, fertilized and cultured using protocols of in-vitro maturation (IVM), invitro fertilization (IVF) and in-vitro culture (IVC). The rates of blastocyst development from Hanwoo cows with the offspring meat quality grades of 1++ and 1+ were 18.6 and 21.2%, respectively. The rates of blastocyst development were 26.3, 20.7, 20.7, 17.2 and 31.2% from Hanwoo cows with the meat quality grades of 1++, 1+, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Fiftyseven transferable embryos were recovered from 11 Hanwoo donor cows (5.2/head) with the high offspring meat quality grades of 1++ and 1+ in vivo, and the pregnancy rate after embryo transfer was 61.1%. In conclusion, these results suggest that in vitro embryo production from the ovaries of cows with the high meat quality grades using individual culture system can be used an efficient method for livestock improvement. In addition, for the successful industrialization of embryo transfer, conception rate should be improved.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 1994

Feeding preference of cigarette beetle, Lasioderma sewicorne F., on cured tobacco leaves was investigated to obtain basic information on ecological management of the insect pest in tobacco storage warehouses. About 3, 000-4, 000 adults of the insect were released in a warehouse in which groud tobacco leaves were placed on the bottom and at 3m above the floor level, and numbers of insects attracted were examined. There was no significant difference on feeding preference between the two tobacco varieties, flue-cured(NC82) and air-cured(Br3l) tobacco leaves. However, significant differences were noted in feeding preference between thick and thin leaves and among different quality grades within a tobacco variety. Feeding preferences of cigarette beetle between flue- and air- cured tobacco varieties showed significant differences on the lower position, though there were no differences on the 3m upper position. On the 3m upper position, feeding preferences were different between thick and thin leaves of tobacco varieties, and variety X thickness and variety X thickness equality grades showed statistically significant differences. Significantly higher feeding preference by cigarette beetle adults was observed for the food placed on the 3m upper than on the lower position. There were negative correlations between quality grades of cured tobacco leaves and feeding preference on the lower position, and the regression equation was Y(feeding preference)=4.050-0.683 X (degree).

• 임상간호연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.321-332
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• 2013

Purpose: Korean health insurance extended application of the Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) payment system to tertiary and general hospitals from July, 2013. This study was done to develop a DRG fee adjustment mechanism applied to levels of nurse staffing to assure quality nursing service. Methods: Nurse stafffing grades among hospitals in Korea were analyzed. Differences and ratio of inpatient costs by nurse staffing grades in DRG fees and differences of DRG fee between tertiary and general hospitals were compared. Results: In 2013, nurse staffing grades in tertiary and general hospitals had improved, but other hospital nurse staffing grades remained at the 2001 level. Gaps of inpatient costs between first and seventh nurse staffing grades were over 10% in 4 out of 7 DRG diagnosis; However differences of DRG fee between tertiary and general hospitals were only 4.51% and 4.72% respectively. A DRG fee adjustment mechanism was developed that included nurse staffing grades and hospitalization days as factors of the formula. Conclusion: Current DRG fees motivate hospitals to decrease nurse staffing grades because cost reduction is bigger than compensation. This DRG fee adjustment mechanism reflects nurse staffing supply to motivate hospitals to hire more nurses as a reasonable compensation system.