• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study is to critically review the exposure surrogates and estimates used to associate health effects in wafer fabrication workers such as spontaneous abortion and cancer, as well as to identify the limitations of retrospective exposure assessment methods Methods: Epidemiologic and exposure-assessment studies of wafer fabrication operations in the semiconductor industry were collected. Retrospective exposure-assessment methods used in cancer risk and mortality and reproductive toxicity were reviewed. Results: Eight epidemiologic papers and two reports compared cancer risk among workers in wafer fabrication facilities in the semiconductor industry with the risk of the general population. Exposure surrogates used in those cancer studies were fabrication(vs. non-fabrication), employment duration, manufacturing eras, job title (operator vs. maintenance worker) and qualitative classifications of agents without assessing specific agent or job-specific exposure. In contrast, specific operation, job title and agents were used to classify the exposure of fabrication workers, contributing to finding a significant association with spontaneous abortion (SAB). Conclusion: Further epidemiologic studies of fabrication workers using more refined exposure assessment methods are warranted in order to examine the associations between fabrication work, environment, and specific agents with cancer risk or mortality as used in SAB epidemiologic studies.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.184-188
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• 2022

The article considers the improved method and model of automated air situation assessment using a decision support system based on fuzzy networks of target installations. The advanced method of automated assessment of the air situation using the decision support system is based on the methodology of reflexive control of the first rank. With this approach, the process of assessing the air situation in the framework of the formulated task can be reduced to determining the purpose, probabilistic nature of actions and capabilities of the air target. The use of a homogeneous functional network for the formal presentation of air situation assessment processes will formally describe the process of determining classes of events during air situation assessment and the process of determining quantitative and qualitative characteristics of recognized air situation situations. To formalize the patterns of manifestation of the values of quantitative and symbolic information, it is proposed to use the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy sets.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7639-7644
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among women in Sri Lanka. Early detection can lead to reduction in morbidity and mortality. The objective here was to identify perceptions of public health midwives (PHMs) on the importance of early detection of breast cancer and deficiencies of and suggestions on improving existing breast cancer early detection services provided through Well Woman Clinics. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study using four focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among 38 PHMs in the Gampaha district in Sri Lanka and the meetings were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using constant comparison and identifying themes and categories. Results: All the PHMs had a firm realization on the need of breast cancer early detection. The four FGDs among PHMs revealed non-availability of guidelines, inadequacy of training, lack of skills and material to provide health education, inability to provide privacy during clinical examination, shortage of stationery, lack of community awareness and motivation. The suggestions for the improvements of the programme identified in FGDs were capacity building of PHMs, making availability of guidelines, rescheduling clinics, improving the supervision, strengthening the monitoring, improving coordination between clinical and preventive sectors, and improving community awareness. Conclusions: Results of the FGDs can provide useful information on components to be improved in breast cancer early detection services. Study recommendations were training programmes at basic and post basic levels on a regular basis and supervision for the sustainance of the breast cancer early detection program.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.487-495
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• 2016

The losses of accidents in the construction industry was significantly increased during the past decades. Therefore, the study of risk management measures in the domestic construction has become very important, and the inherent risk factors need to derive and analyze them based on the quantified method. However, most studies on the construction risk are conducted finding on the qualitative way. This study analysis the accident records from actual construction sites as a quantities study. A correlation analysis and regression analysis are adopted to identify the risk factors and develop a model. The results of this study are expected to be evolve through the accumulated effect and verification of data in the future through continuous feedback.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.287-298
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• 2005

This study was carried out to offer the raw data on conservation of land and natural environment by constructing groups of indicators to objectively and rationally assess the sustainable natural ecosystem and present the direction for establishing and planning the environmental policy. There were selected that four assessment items were biotic, abiotic, qualitative, and functional factor. And there were extracted fifty-six indicators including density, total nitrogen, hemeroby degree, and goods production. As assessment items and indicators were over 0.6, the design of questionnaire showed no great problem. In the results of correlation analysis of assessment indicators, sociality and dominance was highly correlative in biotic factor, soil property and aspect in abiotic factor, naturalized and urbanized index in qualitative factor, and protection of landslide and soil erosion were too correlative. In the results of deciding the dimension by multidimensional scaling, as stress values were from 0.042 to 0.133, index of fit over 0.9, there no statistical problems. In case of X axis, biotic factor was structure, viewpoint in abiotic factor, composition in qualitative factor, and object in functional factor, and Y axis was shaped Into form, range, structure, and activity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 1989

This paper presents the event approach to motor skill acquisition as a theoretical treatment of the learning and relearning of motor skill. 1) The use of norm-referenced developmental assesment tools and standardized qualitative assessment tool is an important component of infant movement evaluation. 2) The kinesthetic modality relaying movement and position imformation to the central nervous system is important for the detection and corretion of movement error. 3) The event approach treats the actor and the environment as inseparable in the acquisition of skills. 4) Motoy learning focuses almost entirely on how the skill is learned, contRolled and reTained. 5) Developmental assessment have needed an assessment of motor development. 6) A significant difference was found between articulation disorders children and motor coordination problem. 7) verbal ability is not essential for the learning of motor skills. 8) The Control of motor skills is a cognitive ability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.4 s.76
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• pp.13-18
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• 2006

In spite of frequent defect in industrial boilers, life assessment or diagnostic method for them has not been actively studied. In this research, SS400 carbon steel used in industrial boilers is simulated with artificial aging heat treatment. To do qualitative life assessment, differences in micro-structures and hardness of SS400 by the degradation time are studied. In addition, variation in material properties by aging was observed with the tensile test at room temperature and $179^{\circ}C$ and changes in ductile to brittle transition temperature was observed with the charpy impact test performed at several test temperature.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.117-125
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• 2013

Existing works to measure readers' understanding of interactive e-books have mainly employed quantitative approach which are difficult to get direct interpretation of the evaluation results. Attentive to interactive, visual and narrative features, this paper proposes a new method for measuring readers' engagement by making them to reconstitute a storyboard. Experimenting with real readers, we validated that this method could give a qualitative assessment that allows finding out problematic narrative phases and the adequacy of interaction formation.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.40-45
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• 1989

In order to take account of the statistical properties of random variables used in the structural analysis, the conventional approach usually adopts the safety factor based on past experiences for the qualitative assessment of structural safety problem. Recently, new approach based on the probabilistic concept has been applied to the assessment of structural safety in order to circumvent the difficulties of the conventional approach in choosing the appropriate safety factor. Thus, computer program called "Probabilistic finite element method" is developed by incorporation the probabilistic concept into the conventional matrix method in order to investigate the effects of the random variables on the final output of the structural analysis. From the comparison of some examples, it can be concluded that the PFEM developed in this study deals with consistently with the uncertainty of random variables and provides the rational tool for the assessment of structural safety of plane frame.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1494-1502
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• 2014

Since smartphones are utilized in the ranges from personal usages to governmental data exchanges, known but not patched vulnerabilities in smartphone operating systems are considered as major threats to the public. To minimize potential security breaches on smartphones, it is necessary to estimate possible security threats. So far, there have been numerous studies conducted to evaluate the security risks caused by mobile devices qualitatively, but there are few quantitative manners. For a large scale risk evaluation, a qualitative assessment is a never ending task. In this paper, we try to calculate relative risk levels triggered by software vulnerabilities from unsecured smartphone operating systems (Android and iOS) among 51 Asian countries. The proposed method combines widely accepted risk representation in both theory and industrial fields. When policy makers need to make a strategic decision on mobile security related agendas, they might find the presented approach useful.