• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.33-43
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• 2007

Because usually signal controllers on the crosswalks of mid-block provide pedestrian signals every cycle based on the fixed signal plan, pedestrian signals are provided even when there is no pedestrian demand. Consequently, signal is operated inefficiently and this may cause drivels to experience useless delay or violate the signal. Even though recently pushbuttons have been installed to improve the efficiency of pedestrian signal control in the crosswalks of mid-block and the pedestrian safety. they are not spread out national-wide in Korea because of the cost of the pushbutton equipments and the lack of an acknowledgement of the efficiency of the pushbutton. In this study, the effectiveness of the pushbutton on saving the vehicle delay was verified through before and after study in 4 study sites using a traffic micro-simulation model, VISSIM. To evaluate the viability of the pushbutton, a benefit/cost analysis was also performed for 4 study sites. It was found that B/C ratio of all of 4 study sites was greater than 1. The sensitivity analysis for the traffic volume and pedestrian volume were performed to identify the impact of the both volume on the operation of pushbutton. And, a benefit/cost analysis was performed for all scenarios. It was found that when the pedestrian volume is greater than 90ped/h, the pedestrian signal was operated same as the fixed signal plan. That is, there is no benefit of pushbutton at all once the pedestrian volume is greater than 90ped/h. When the pedestrian volume is equal to or less than 90ped/h and the traffic volume is greater than 2,500veh/h, B/C ratio is greater than 1. Also it was found that as traffic volume increases and pedestrian volume decreases, the benefit increases. In this study, the criteria for installation of pushbutton on the crosswalks of mid-block are developed through the sensitivity analysis and benefit/cost analysis. The results of this study may be used as a criteria for expansion of pushbutton system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.488-496
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• 2015

The main reason to install pedestrian pushbuttons is improving traffic operations. The current guideline for the installation of signal systems with pedestrian pushbuttons is car-oriented. It is difficult to clearly understand the guideline because there isn't an in-depth study to compare the pros and cons of the pedestrian- and vehicle-oriented methods in terms of waiting time. Thus, this study aims to estimate the waiting times of pedestrians and vehicles. The two delay times are compared considering the hypothetical circumstances such as geometry, pedestrian crossing time, pedestrian/vehicle counts and arrival distribution. The results show that when the pedestrian traffic volume exceeds 97 ped/h in the case of a two-lane road (one lane in each direction) the pushbutton system is effective and beneficial to pedestrians. It means that the total waiting time of pedestrians is less than the one of vehicles. Additional four scenarios are designed and tested by varying the number of lanes and design speeds. In conclusion, the pushbutton signal is more beneficial for pedestrians when the number of pedestrians is less than or equal to 85, 70, and 70 ped/h for the three-lane scenario, the four-lane with the design speed of 80km/h scenario, and the four-lane with the design speed of 100km/h, respectively.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.107-113
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• 1996

한글 첫소리 글자를 적은 전화기 숫자판에서 바람직한 글자 배열 원칙을 살펴 본 뒤, 글쓴이의 안을 제시하였다. 이 숫자판은 주로 상호를 칠 때 쓰게 될 것인데, 한글 소리마디를 제대로 넣을 수 있는 소리마디 (전화기) 숫자판과의 관계, 앞으로의 추진 방향 등에 대하여도 살펴보았다. 구체적으로, 1) 첫소리 글자 숫자판과 소리마디 숫자판을 모두 수용할 수 있도록 KCS 44 를 고치고, 2) 일반 사람들도 쉽게 쓸 수 있는 간단한 글자 배열과 치는 방식을 찾고, 3) KCS 44 의 첫소리-가운뎃소리 글자 숫자판 대신, 첫소리 글자 숫자판으로 나아가야 하고, 4) 첫소리와 가운뎃소리 글자만 배열하였는데, 끝소리 글자까지 배열하는 방안도 신중히 검토해야 한다고 본다.