• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study is to understand the effect of angle and curvature of push-return switches, which are external factors in the operation environment inside the cars, on the feel of operation and to propose optimum alternatives. Background: Customers' needs for products are changing from functional and performance aspects to customer-led type where customers can reflect on their needs on the products. The operation inside cars is executed by HMI. The push-return switch is utilized as the most intuitive mode of HMI; therefore, this push-return switch, which is widely used, has to be developed by assessing the preference and satisfaction of the customer. Method: The angle and curvatures, which are external factors that affect the feel of operation, are drawn through surveying the preceding research literatures. The stages to construct alternatives in experiments are as follows: (1) the tactile switch is replaced after dismantling the switch assembly to evaluate the internal characteristics proposed by preceding researches, (2) a drawing is prepared by using a design software, is printed using 3D printer, and then it is attached on the switch assembly, and (3) evaluation for satisfaction of operation is carried out by using a driving simulator. Results: Both the angle and curvature that are external factors of switch significantly affect the feel of operation. However, interaction between the two factors is found insignificant. Therefore, an optimum alternative is proposed considering the experimental outcomes. Conclusion: This study evaluates the satisfaction in operation that affects the feel of operation environment inside the cars. Based on the study results, a guideline for switch design in the center fascia is proposed. Application: This study is expected to be used as basic data for designing automotive switches, as well as switches in the industries similar with the operation environments of cars.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.141-178
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• 2012

Although the rate of self-employment is high in Korean labor market and the rate gap between age groups is high, few studies have addressed on the effects of push factors on transition into self-employment across age groups. The goal of this research is to determine if push factors exert different effects on the self-employment decisions across age groups. There is interest in testing push hypothesis and pull hypothesis. The Korean Labor and Income Panel Study wave 6~11 is used to test this study's hypothesis. The main contribution of the paper is that in case of high unemployment, the probability of transition into self-employment increases. It is consistent with the push hypothesis. Many people are forced to become self-employed person due to the high rate of unemployment and limited occupational choice rather than the role of entrepreneurship. By age subgroup, the transition into self-employment of the ages of 30 and 49 is high. In addition, people at 40-49 years of age are more likely to become self-employed as a response of inadequate job opportunities. It provides the evidence that the self-employment is not a matter of special age group in that people in the 30 to 49 year old age group whose economic activities are vigorous move into marginalized labor market. Furthermore, it seems to be threatened the employment's stability of the prime age in that even people who are age 40-49 years of age are pushed into self-employment because of the recession.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.135-160
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• 2014

Most Social Network Service (SNS) provide online chat, video and file sharing, blogging and others. Because of this advantage, people depend on SNS to communicate with others. However, recently SNS encourage people to reveal too much information broadly so SNS users are concerned about privacy invasion and data spill. They also feel fatigue in process of touching people they don't know while using SNSs. That is the reason why they attempt to switch from opened SNS to Closed SNS. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to empirically investigate and analyze the effect of the factors on the SNS users' switching behavior when using SNS. To accomplish this purpose, this research adopted "Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM)" framework. The PPM is proposed by population geologist, who used it to explain the incentives of demographic migration. Following PPM model, this research empirically examines the three categories of antecedents for SNS switching intention toward closed SNS: push (i.e., weak connection, privacy concern, relative complexity), pull (i.e., enjoyment, belongingness, peer influence), mooring (i.e., SNS fatigue, user resistance) factors. The survey was conducted for 285 users on SNS communities in Korea. The results of this study are as follows; First, wear connection and privacy concern are significantly related to SNS switching intention. Second, enjoyment and belongingness are significantly related to SNS switching intention. Finally, the results show that SNS fatigue has a moderating effect on the links between push factors and SNS switching Intention. Also, user resistance has a moderating effect on the links between pull factors and SNS switching Intention. These findings contribute to the SNS literature both theoretically and practically.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-55
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• 2007

Enterprise Architecture (EA) is one of controversial subjects theses days. Some organizations, public or private, are very impetuous in adopting it and some are quite Indifferent to it. What makes this difference come about? This is our research question. One previous research has studied on this issue under the theory of diffusion of innovation. Instead, we here attempt to investigate, in the context of technology transfer theory, the influencing factors on the adoption of EA. We are especially interested In whether korea local organizations are more Influenced by 'need pull' factors than 'institutional push' factors or vice versa.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.386-396
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of push, pull and push-pull interactive factors for CFMC (Contract Foodservice Management Company)'s internationalization. The study was a quantitative study part in mixed methods (QUAL ${\rightarrow}$ quan) which was mainly qualitative study and quantitative study. Mail survey was carried out for quantitative study. For study subjects, 1,281 persons who completed 'Food Service Management Professional Program' of 'Y' University were selected as a population because the program was mainly for CFMC's workers. The analysis methods used in this study were frequency analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis with SPSS 17.0. Push factors had the saturation in domestic market and the manager's purpose (fac.1) and the investment for internationalization (fac.2). Pull factors had the company's external environment for internationalization (fac.3) and the global network and spread of culture (fac.4). Push-pull interactive factors had the information about foreign market (fac.5), the procedure and budget of overseas expansion (fac.6) and the national network and size of domestic market (fac.7). Internal dynamics factors had the deterrents for internationalization (fac.8) and the enablers for internationalization (fac.9). The result showed that the company's external environment in pull factors had positive effects on the deterrents for internationalization. The global network and the spread of culture had positive effects on the enablers for internationalization. The information about foreign market in push-pull interactive factors had positive effects on the deterrents and enablers for internationalization. The national network and the size of domestic market had positive effects on the enablers for internationalization. The deterrents and enablers for internationalization had positive effects on the level of internationalization, and the deterrents had more effects on the level of internationalization than the enablers did (${\beta}$= .492 > .177).

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.391-396
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cross arms and palms facing forward on spinopelvic parameters during the whole spine lateral radiography. In addition, we would like to present the usefulness of a posture with the palm facing forward during whole spine lateral radiography of the spine using EOS. The subjects of this study were images of a total of 50 patients (18 males, 32 females) who whole spine lateral radiography using the conventional method and the EOS method from October 2020 to March 2021. The posture used in this study was set as 'CAP' for cross arms and 'PUSH' for posture with palms facing forward. In this study, among the spinal stability factors, thoracic kyphosis (thoracic vertebrae 4 to 12), lumbar lordosis (lumbar vertebrae 1 to sacrum 1), sagittal vertical axis, sacral slope, and shoulder flexion angle were compared on average. The mean thoracic kyphosis was 34.52±12.46° for CAP and 28.46±10.81° for PUSH (p<0.01). The lumbar lordosis of CAP was 42.45±17.45°and that of PUSH was 40.56±16.14°(p>0.57). The sagittal vertical axis was 26.59±34.34 mm in CAP and 21.21±35.41 mm in PUSH (p>0.44). In CAP, the sacral slope was 30.96±10.29°, and in PUSH, it was 31.01±10.19° (p>0.98). shoulder flexion angle was 38.31±8.24° for CAP and 26,08±6.71° for PUSH(p<0.01). As a result of this study, the PUSH posture is considered to be a posture that can minimize the shoulder flexion angle and can perform a stable examination while minimizing changes in spino-pelvic parameter.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.312-316
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• 2004

Single-well tracer tests, especially push pull tracer tests, are more effective to estimate hydraulic parameters and microbial metabolic activities in terms of duration and cost compared to multi-well tracer tests. However, there are some drawbacks in accuracy, complicated data analysis and uniqueness. These shortages are thought to be derived from the applied conditions which affect mass recovery curve and breakthrough curve. Factors such as extraction rate, resting period, hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic gradient are considered as the major factors determining the mass recovery rate and shape of the breakthrough curve. The results of the sensitivity analysis are summarized as follows: 1) the significant change in concentration of breakthrough curve is obtained when the extraction rate increases. This effect would also be much higher if the hydraulic conductivity is lower; 2) the mass recovery rate decreases with the increase of resting time, and the difference of mass recovery rates for different resting times is inversely proportional to the hydraulic conductivity; 3) the sensitivity values decrease with time. The hydraulic conductivity affects not only the early period, but the later period of the breakthrough curves; 4) The influence of the hydraulic gradient on the breakthrough curves is greater at earlier stage than at later stage. The mass recovery rate is inversely proportional to the hydraulic gradient.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.101-107
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to find out the push and pull factors of migrants from middle Asian countries to Yunhaju, Russia, and housing situations in settlements as well as housing intentions to behave. Four female Korye Saram in Cremobo settlement and Woojung village and 10 male and female elderly in ordinary residences were interviewed during April 22-25, 2003. Changes in national formal language from Russian to lout languages was played the most prominent push role, while availability of settlement and agricultural land and emotional attachment as the second hometown pulled them to migrate into Yunhaju. The housing situation in Cremobo settlement was very poor and almost settlers had already left. The rest settlers wanted to move into Woojung village. The resident in Woojung village hoped to get the formal contract to rent the dwelling and agricultural land. Family adaptations were progressed to solve the housing deficits among settlers both of Cremobo settlement and Woojung village. This research explored a part of the 140 years residential history of Korye Saram.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.49-68
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• 2020

The Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) model employ to explore the factors that affect the switching intention of mobile game players by analyzing the online survey data of 240 mobile game players in China. From the perspective of PPM model, Dissatisfaction with the current mobile game can promote players to leave the current mobile game, and other more attractive mobile games can pull players out of the current mobile game. As a mooring factor, habit can affect players' switching decisions. Players who have formed strong habits in current mobile games are more likely to resist or ignore the attractiveness of other mobile games and stay in the current mobile games rather than migrate to other mobile games. Another result shows that the more dissatisfied with the current mobile game, the higher the quality of alternative (relative challenge) mobile game, and the lower the investment size in the current mobile game, the more reluctant the players are to continue to maintain the relationship with the current mobile game. The higher the player's commitment to the current mobile game, the more likely it is to maintain the relationship with the current mobile game. The empirical results show that the framework of this study is highly consistent with the results of PPM model, and confirming that they can well apply to mobile game situations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.17 no.32
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• pp.155-162
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• 1994

The Japanese "Just-In-Time" technique reduces inventory and unnecessary factors. This technique makes the success of Japanese firms, therefore many Korean firms try to apply it to their situation. But the technique doesn't bare the same success in Korean firms. This paper, therefore, considers the different situations between Korean rim and Japanese firm, then simulates the Pull system and Push system for a multiline, multistage production system. This paper drives the different results of simulation according to variable processing times, variable demand, set-up time and shortages in Pull system and Push system using GPSS. The results show that the performance of Pull system is lower than Push system's in variable master production scheduling and variable processing times.ing times.