• 한국음향학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.12-20
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• 1987

소리의 주파수에 따라 사람은 그 소리에 대한 느낌이 다르기 때문에, 본 연구에서는 소리의 주파수에 따른 사람의 반응을 조사하였다. 순음과 1/3옥타브와 1옥타브 대역 통과 필터를 통과시켜 나온 백색 잡음 및 자동차 경음기 소리를 사람에게 들려주고, 그 소리에 대한 느낌을 설문지로 조사하였다. 실험결과, 순음 160(Hz)에서 500(Hz) 까지의 소리에 대해서는 호의적인 반응을 나타내었고, 1,000(Hz) 이상의 순음과 백색 잡음 및 경음기 소리에 대해서는 거부감을 나타내었다. 경음기 소리는 350(Hz) 부근과 1.000 (Hz)에서 2.600(Hz) 사이에서 그 성분이 가장 많이 분포되어 있는데. 경음기 소리에 대한 사람의 반응은 1,000(Hz)와 2,600(Hz) 사이의 순음과 비슷한 결과를 나타낸다. 따라서, 주택가나 사람이 많이 다니는 곳의 도로에서는 주로 200(Hz)에서 500(Hz) 사이의 경음기 소리를 발생시키면. 사람들에게 거부감을 주지 않으면서 경음기 효과를 얻을 수 있다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.1157-1164
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• 2007

In this paper, we implement a PDA(Personal Digital Assistant)-based audiometric system in order to estimate hearing threshold by adopting both pure-tone sound and speech audiometric test system. To estimate a subject's hearing threshold in an ambulatory audiometric test environment, an efficient sound calibration scheme between a PDA and a headphone device is proposed by appling polynomial fitting algorithms in 8-banded frequency ranges.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2006

Objective : This study describes the cases of sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) patients with marked or complete recovery. Methods : Three patients received oriental medical treatments continuously for more than 1 month and measured the hearing recovery. For diagnosis on these cases, pure tone audiometry (GSI 38, Welch allyn company) was used. For treatment, acupuncture, herbal-medicine and moxibustion treatment were applied. Results : All patients of this report had the recovery of hearing. In 2 cases, the pure-tone 5 frequency (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 KHz) average improved by more than 35 dB (Marked recovery). In 1 case, it was within the normal limits after oriental medical therapy (Complete recovery). In addition, tinnitus and vertigo decreased in all patients. Conclusions : We may expect that the oriental medical therapy improvers the hearing recovery in the patients of SSNHL.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제34S권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 1997

In this paper, the performance of a hybrid direct-sequence/slow-frequency-hoped (DS/SFH) spread-spectrum (SS) system with noncoherent DPSK modulation is considered. Th ebit error probability is derived ovef a rayleigh fading channel in the presence of multiple tone jamming. Numerical evaluations are presented for some combinations of system parameters. The performance of a hybrid DS/SFH SS system is shown to be inferior to that of a pure DS SS system at low jamming-to-signal power ratio (JSR). At high JSR, the performance of a pure DS SS system is shown to be the same as the worst case peformance of a hybrid DS/SFH SS system.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2017

This study investigates the phonetic meaning of clarity and turbidity(淸濁) that has been used in psychoacoustics, musicology, and linguistics in both the East and the West. With a view to clarifying the phonetic meaning of clarity and turbidity, this study conducts three perception tests. First, 34 subjects were asked to take one of Clear and Turbid by forced choice for 5 pure and complex tones, respectively, ranging from A2 to A6 differing by octave. Second, they were asked to select between the two choices for 25 pure and complex tones, respectively, ranging from A2 to A4 differing by semitone. Third, they were asked to opt for one of the two choices for 8 different vowels of different formant and fundamental frequencies. Results showed that there is a certain range of tone which is perceived as clear, that clarity level increases as fundamental frequency increases, and that pure tones have a higher level of clarity than complex ones, fundamental frequency being equal. Results also showed that vocal tract resonance enhances clarity level on the whole, and that lower vowels have a higher level of clarity than higher ones. This study is significant in that it demonstrates that clarity level is proportional to fundamental frequency and the first formant frequency, all else being equal.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 1998

Objectives: It is expected that the combined cisplatin and radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma produces more sensory neural hearing losses compared to radiation therapy alone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of sensory neural hearing losses after concurrent cisplatin and radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Materials and Methods: From Jun. 1994 to Mar. 1997, 10 patients were available for this study with the following eligibility criteria: 1) The patients received concurrent cisplatin and radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 2) There was no pre-existing auditory disease except serous otitis media due to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 3) They had normal sensorineural hearing function on the pretreatment pure tone audiogram. 4) Pure tone audiograms were performed at least one time after treatment between 6months to 1 year follow-up without local recurrence. Results: At 1 year follow-up, 3 patients complained of decreased hearing capacity. Sensorineural hearing losses were developed in 15 ears out of 20(75%) and were more frequent and severe in high frequency area on pure tone audiogram. Conclusion: The concurrent cisplatin and radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma may produce sensorineural hearing losses more frequently compared to historical data of radiation therapy alone and close evaluations with regular audiograms are necessary even in patients without symptoms and signs of hearing impairment.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.383-388
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• 1994

일정한 단속 주파수(triggering frequency)를 지닌 청각자극의 반송 주파수(carrier ferquency, pure tone)를 1kHz에서 3kHz까지 0.5kHz단위로 증가시키면서, 이에 반응하는 뇌전위를 디지탈 EEG측정장치를 이용하여 총 7초 동안 1kHz의 sampling frequency로 컴퓨터로 전송하였다. 먼저 신호의 pseudo-phase space분석을 통해 뇌전위의 진폭특성을 파악하였다. 이러한 해석은 생리학적으로 밝져진 소리의 반송주파수와 소리의 크기 인지사이의 상관관계와 잘 일치함이 확인되었다. 또한 이 신호외 Lyapunov exponent 분석을 통해 신호의 발산 특성을 물리적으로 파악하고, 이러한 특성을 이미 여러가지 접근법에 의해 밝혀져 있는 생리학적 실험결과와 관련지어 해석함으로써 반송 주파수에 반응하는 뇌의 mechanism을 뇌전위 측정에 의해서 검출이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: To investigate the relationship between hearing impairment and alcohol drinking patterns in South Korean adults. Subjects and Methods: Data collection was performed by Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey from January 1 to December 31, 2012. Data analyses were performed from February 20 to March 3, 2018. Data from 3,860 adults 20 years of age or older without a history of malignancy or chronic otitis media in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 database who participated in the health questionnaires, and who had available results from otologic examinations that included pure tone audiogram, were included. Pure-tone average hearing thresholds were calculated at 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz. Hearing loss was defined as a pure-tone average >40 dB in one or both ears. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test was used to evaluate drinking statuses of subjects. Data were analyzed using the complex-sample χ²-test of independence and a complex-sample logistic regression analysis. Results: Of the 29,954,319 individuals in the weighted cross-sectional study population, 15,106,040 (50.4%) were men and 14,848,098 (49.6%) were women. A total of 8.1% of men and 7% of women had hearing impairment. The degrees of drinking with appropriate, risky, and hazardous drinking habits were 58.2, 32.1, and 9.7% among men; and 76.4, 12.5, and 11.1% among women, respectively. Among men, the odds ratio of hearing loss increased by 2.506 times when comparing hazardous and appropriate drinking (confidence interval, 1.083 to 5.800, p=0.002). Moderate alcohol consumption (≤2 drinks per day) was not protective for hearing in either group. Conclusions: As hazardous drinking tends to coexist with hearing impairment in men, appropriate prevention and intervention strategies should be emphasized. A longitudinal study to investigate harmful drinking and the mechanism of hearing loss should be performed.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: To investigate the relationship between hearing impairment and alcohol drinking patterns in South Korean adults. Subjects and Methods: Data collection was performed by Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey from January 1 to December 31, 2012. Data analyses were performed from February 20 to March 3, 2018. Data from 3,860 adults 20 years of age or older without a history of malignancy or chronic otitis media in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 database who participated in the health questionnaires, and who had available results from otologic examinations that included pure tone audiogram, were included. Pure-tone average hearing thresholds were calculated at 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz. Hearing loss was defined as a pure-tone average >40 dB in one or both ears. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test was used to evaluate drinking statuses of subjects. Data were analyzed using the complex-sample χ²-test of independence and a complex-sample logistic regression analysis. Results: Of the 29,954,319 individuals in the weighted cross-sectional study population, 15,106,040 (50.4%) were men and 14,848,098 (49.6%) were women. A total of 8.1% of men and 7% of women had hearing impairment. The degrees of drinking with appropriate, risky, and hazardous drinking habits were 58.2, 32.1, and 9.7% among men; and 76.4, 12.5, and 11.1% among women, respectively. Among men, the odds ratio of hearing loss increased by 2.506 times when comparing hazardous and appropriate drinking (confidence interval, 1.083 to 5.800, p=0.002). Moderate alcohol consumption (≤2 drinks per day) was not protective for hearing in either group. Conclusions: As hazardous drinking tends to coexist with hearing impairment in men, appropriate prevention and intervention strategies should be emphasized. A longitudinal study to investigate harmful drinking and the mechanism of hearing loss should be performed.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2017

언어 습득 이후 성인 난청은 진행 속도가 느려서 발견이 어렵다. 이들은 적절한 도구를 제공하면 자발적이고 적극적인 평가가 가능하다. 스마트 폰도 도구들 중 하나이며, 설문이나 애플리케이션을 이용하여 효과적인 평가가 가능하다. 이 연구에서는 순음청각선별(pure tone screening, PTS)을 위한 스마트 폰 앱을 개발 후 이의 효과성을 검증하기 위해, 난청자각 설문조사방법(hearing handciap inventory, HHI)을 동시에 진행한 후 결과를 비교하여 진행 속도가 느린 지연성 후천성 난청 발견을 위한 도구로서 가능성을 확인하고자 한다. 대상은 10대부터 80대 사이 남녀 22명으로 하였다. 가청역치 평균(PTAs)은 두 귀 같은 주파수 가청역치 중 좋은 것을 선택(최량청력, best hearing)하였다. HHI의 민감도와 특이도는 난청 자각 여부나 PTAs_4 kHz를 기준으로 하였다. 두 검사 간 비교는 App_PTS의 PTAs와 HHI 점수 사이의 상관관계를 단순회귀 분석하였다. 민감도와 특이도는 두 기준 모두에서 1.000으로 관찰되었다. 최량청력 PTAs_4 kHz와 HHI 사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 관계를 보였다(R-square= 0.951, p= .000). 설문을 이용한 청각선별은 정량적 계측을 통해 구현한 스마트 폰 애플리케이션 기반 청각선별과 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 app_PTS는 개인 친화적 도구로 생애 주기별 청각선별에 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것이다.