• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2018

Sweet pumpkin yanggaeng were produced with stevia leaf powder as a partial sugar replacer(0 to 20% sucrose weight) and antioxidant. Characteristics of the yanggaeng were compared in moisture, total soluble solids, pH, color, texture, antioxidant properties, and preference scores. Moisture and total soluble solids were proportionally increased with increasing addition of stevia leaf powder(p<0.001). pH of control (without stevia) and SLP20(with 20% replacement of sucrose) were 7.05 and 6.82, respectively. L-value, a-value, and b-value were decreased with increasing amount of stevia leaf powder (p<0.001). Antioxidant activities (total polyphenols and DPPH radical scavenging activity) were gradually increased as more stevia leaf powder included in the yanggaeng(p<0.001). SLP20 being significantly different from others (p<0.001) had the highest values of hardness and chewiness, but there was no significant difference between cohesiveness and adhesiveness among samples. SLP4 had the highest preference in appearance and texture, otherwise SLP8 did the highest scores in flavor, sweetness and overall preference. SLP8, in which 8% sucrose was replaced with stevia leaf powder, was considered to be the most desirable for production of sweet pumpkin yanggaeng.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.930-937
• /
• 2016

This study investigated the quality characteristics, antioxidant activities, and retarding retrogradation of sponge cakes made with 0%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) leaf powder. Specific capacity significantly increased with the addition (0.33~0.38), but baking loss and dough yield were not significantly different (p<0.05). In color, there was a decrease in the L-value, a-value and b-value, but ${\Delta}E$ increased in proportion to the amount of pumpkin leaf powder. Moisture content increased in the 0~3% additions, from 27.90~31.68%, but decreased in 5% and 7% (22.37% and 28.15%, respectively). pH tended to decrease significantly according to the amount of pumpkin leaf powder (p<0.05). Hardness increased with the addition of pumpkin leaf powder, and pumpkin leaf groups presented higher springiness and cohesiveness than the control. Chewiness was not significantly differ (p<0.05). In retarding retrogradation, Avrami exponent (n) showed that addition of 5% (0.1329) had more retarding retrogradation effect than the control (0.4319), whereas time constant (1/k) showed both 3% (100.00) and 5% (70.42) addition had more effect than control (18.45). Total phenols and flavonoids content increased proportionate to the addition levels. ABTS radical scavenging activity tended to increase according to the level of pumpkin leaf powder. In sensory properties, 5% addition showed maximum color, and 3% addition had the highest scores in flavor, moistness, sweetness, chewiness and overall acceptability. These results suggested that pumpkin leaf was a good addition to improve the quality characteristics, health and sensory preferences. The most appropriate proportion to have the effect of retarding retrogradation in sponge cake is 3%.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제45권12호
• /
• pp.1792-1798
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 멥쌀가루를 이용하여 한국의 전통 떡인 설기떡을 제조한 후, 멥쌀가루의 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% 및 4% 비율의 호박잎 분말을 첨가하여 설기떡의 품질 특성, 항산화 특성 및 노화 억제 효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 호박잎 설기떡의 수분 함량은 대조군(39.18%)과 비교하여 호박잎 분말 1%와 2% 첨가군에서 증가하였다가 3% 첨가군과 4% 첨가군에서는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. pH는 호박잎 분말의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 4.50~6.16으로 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 색도의 경우 호박잎 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 L값은 감소하고 b값은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 호박잎 설기떡에서 경도는 대조군이 $207.50g/cm^2$, 호박잎 분말 1% 첨가군에서 $186.10g/cm^2$로 감소하였다가 2~4%에서 $225.77{\sim}249.70g/cm^2$로 다시 증가하였다. 탄력성은 81.72~88.02%로 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 씹힘성과 부착성은 호박잎 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 호박잎 분말을 첨가한 설기떡의 노화도 분석은 호박잎 분말 첨가군이 대조군(7.47)에 비해 높은 시간상수 값으로 노화 억제 효과가 있는 것으로 보였으며, 호박잎 분말 첨가군 중 2% 첨가군이 낮은 Avrami 지수 값으로 호박잎 첨가군 중 노화 억제 효과가 가장 크게 나타났다. 총 페놀화합물 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성은 호박잎 분말의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 7점 척도법을 이용한 소비자 기호도 조사 결과 색, 향, 촉촉함, 단맛, 씹힘성 및 전반적인 기호도에서 호박잎 분말 2% 첨가군이 가장 높은 기호도를 나타낸 반면, 4% 첨가군은 다른 시료들에 비해 낮은 기호도를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 호박잎 분말의 첨가는 설기떡의 품질 특성 및 항산화 효과를 증진시킬 수 있는 것으로 여겨지며, 저장성을 고려한 노화 억제 효과를 위해서는 2%의 호박잎 분말의 첨가가 적합한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.215-221
• /
• 2001

Mustard leaf kimchi added different ratios of pumpkin powder(P) and green tea powder(G) were investigated by measuring changes of physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics during fermentation at 5℃. The pH and total acidity were changed slowly until 20 days, and then changed rapidly for 20∼40 days in all mustard leaf kimchi groups. The pH and acidity of mustard leaf kimchi added 0.5% G was the most slowly changed compared to the other groups. Reducing sugar content was highest in mustard leaf kimchi added 0.5% P at early stage of fermentation, but the reduing sugar content of this mustard leaf kimchi group was decreased more rapidly than those of the other groups during fermentation. The numbers of lactic acid bacteria and total bacteria were highest in 0.5% P added group and lowest in 0.5% G added group. The mustard leaf kimchi added 0.3% P and 0.2% G was relatively high in number of Leuconostoc sp., on the contrary low in Lactobacillus sp. compared to the other groups during fermentation. Changes of Hunter's color values, especially yellowness, and hardness were smaller in each mustard leaf kimchi added 0.5% G, and 0.3% P and 0.2% G than the other groups. Sensory scores of taste, odor and overall acceptability were highest in mustard leaf kimchi added 0.3% P and 0.2% G. Based on these results, it is suggested that mustard leaf kimchi added 0.3% P and 0.2% G was the best group among mustard leaf kimchi groups.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.1053-1059
• /
• 2001

갓김치에 항산화 성분의 함량이 높은 부재료를 첨가하여 기능성이 증진된 갓김치를 개발하기 위하여 본 연구를 행하였다. 부재료로 선정된 녹차 및 늙은호박을 분말로하여 이들의 첨가비를 달리 한 갓김치를 제조한 후 chlorophyll, carotenoids, 총 페놀 및 비타민 C 함량을 담금 직후와 적숙기에 측정하여 부재료 첨가에 따른 갓김치의 항산화 성분 함량을 비교 연구하였으며 , 그 결과 늙은호박분말 0.3%와 녹차분말 0.2%을 첨가한 갓김치구가 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 이에 늙은호박분말 0.3%와 녹차분말 0.2%을 첨가한 갓김치구를 대조구과 함께 비교하면서 항산화성에 대한 실험을 행하였다 항산화성 실험은 갓김치를 담은 첫날과 적숙기에 행하였으며, 그 결과 거의 모든 실험에서 대조구보다 녹차 및 늙은호박을 첨가한 갓김치구가 항산화성을 나타내는 산화에 대한 저해율이 높게 나타났다. 담금 첫날 갓김치 구보다 적숙기의 갓김치구가 힝산화성이 높았는데, linoleic acid 자동산화에 대한 억제효과는 담금 첫날 대조구의 저해율 42.81%보다 늙은호박분말 0.3%와 녹차분말 0.2% 첨가 처리구가 46.95%로 더 높았으며, 적숙기에는 대조구는 58.63%, 처리구는 65.91% 으로 적숙기의 처리구가 다른 군에 비해 가장 높았다. Conjugated diene생성 억제효과는 적숙기의 처리구는 55.50%로 가장 높았고, LDL 산화 저해효과, TBA가 측정 결과도 적숙기의 녹차 및 늙은호박분말 첨가구가 가장 높은 저해율을 나타내었다. 그리고 DPPH 소거효과에서 담금 첫 날 대조구의 51.23%에 비해 적숙기의 처리구는 76.81%로 저해율이 아주 높게 측정되었는데 이는 부재료 첨가 갓김치구는 DPPH에 대한 강한 소거작용을 하는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 이상과 같은 실험 결과를 종합할 때 갓김치에 녹차 및 늙은호박분말을 첨가함으로써 첨가하지 않은 갓김치 대조구에 비해 항산화 관련 성분의 함량도 증가하였고, 또한 항산화성 실험 에서도 산화에 대한 저해율이 높게 나타났으며 그 중에서도 갓김치에 늙은호박분말 0.3%와 녹차분말 0.2% 첨가 갓김치구가 가장 우수하였고 특히 적숙기에 가장 높은 항산화성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.631-639
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of macaroons prepared using natural color materials (Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (Re-N), mulberry leaf (Gr-N), pumpkin (Ye-N), and cocoa powder (Br-N)) and corresponding artificial food colorants (red (Re-A), yellow (Ye-A), green (Gr-A) and brown (Br-A)). The moisture content of macaroons prepared using natural color material was higher compared to the macaroons prepared using artificial food colorant. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity was similar in both types of macaroons. Lightness and redness of Re-N, Gr-N, Ye-N, and Br-N macaroons were lower than Re-A, Gr-A, Ye-A and Br-A macaroons. Yellowness of Re-N was higher because of the browning reaction. The texture profile analysis revealed lower hardness when natural color powder was employed. In the sensory evaluation, overall acceptability was not significantly different between natural colored and artificial colored macaroons. As a result, macaroons with the natural color material were softer and showed higher antioxidative activity, however, organoleptic properties were not much different when compared with macaroons with artificial colors. Apparently, it is stated that more studies on the development of macaroons with more enhanced physical functionality and good taste using natural materials should be performed.