• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.186-191
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• 2009

In the study on the waveform analysis of radial artery pulse diagnosis, we need to establish fundaments of contemporary pulse diagnosis research. As we will to do experimental research on the difference of pulse waveform on the radial artery with applied variations of pressure(5 stage-pressure) and measuring position(CHON, KWAN, CHEOG). First of all, in this research, we did the experiment of the study on the waveform analysis of radial artery(left KWAN) pulse dignosis by using 3 dimension pulse meter and analyzer (3D MAC). As a result. we extracted the seven measurement fluents : energy(E), size of cycle(h1), size of reflection cycle(h2), time of reflection cycle(t2), time of contraction (t4), width of cycle(w), area of waveform(A) by the statistically reasonable differences. We expect that the seven measurement fluents contribute to divide the situation through the results of waveform analysis of radial artery.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2017

In this paper, a novel measurement method of radial artery pulse waveform using robotic applanation tonometry (RAT) was present to reduce the errors by the pressing direction of the vessel. The RAT consisted of an array of pressure sensors and 2-axis tilt sensor, which was attached to the universal joint with a linear spring and five-DOF robotic manipulator with a one-axis force sensor. Using the RAT mechanism, the pulse sensor could be manipulated to perpendicularly pressurize the radial artery. A pilot experimental result showed that the proposed mechanism could find the optimal pressurization angles of the pulse sensor within ${\pm}3^{\circ}$standard deviations. Coefficient values of variation of maximum pulse peaks extracted from the pulse waveforms were 4.692, 6.994, and 11.039 % for three channels with the highest magnitudes. It is expected that the proposed method can be helpful to develop more precise tonometry system measuring the pulse waveform on the radial artery.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.7
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• pp.962-967
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• 2014

In this paper, through a digital potentiometer and exponentially weighted moving average filter, pulse and PPG waveform measurable device was fabricated in radial artery. If this device is not proper about signal size in analog part, MCU can judge easily by adjusted amplification through digital potentiometer, using exponentially weighted moving average filter is able to filter out more clear value of ADC. I presumed pulse rate as value of measuring time between point of maximum contraction from sensing signal in radial artery of wrist. Therefore, this means can measure stable pulse rate and PPG waveform, finger as well as radial artery, whether signal size of each person is different finger as well as radial artery.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.35-35
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• 2008

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.2351-2357
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• 2008

Noninvasive radial artery pulse wave has been widely used not only for the pulse wave analysis(PWA) itself but also for assessment of arterial stiffness with estimated aortic pulse wave from peripheral pulse wave. However, it has been found that the deformation of pulse shape can be caused readily by changing measuring position, indentation pressure, and so on. So, in this study, we have developed a system which can measure radial pulse wave and skin displacement simultaneously while the indentation body goes down to occlude subject's radial artery. This system can be divided into a measuring apparatus part, an indentation control hardware part, a data acquisition part and a control and computation part. And, the measuring apparatus consists of an arm-rest, a step motor, an indentation body, a laser displacement sensor(LK-G30, Keyence Co.) and pulse wave sensor. Under load-free condition and radial artery loaded condition, the evaluation of developed system has been performed. From these results, we can conclude: 1) The developed system can control the indentation body quantitatively and the adopted laser displacement sensor shows linear output characteristic even with skin as a reflector. 2) This system can measure the pulse wave and the displacement of indentation body, that is, skin displacement simultaneously at each specific level of indentation body. 3) This system can provide the number of motor steps used to get down the indentation body, the measured skin displacement, the calculated indentation pressure, the calculated pulse pressure and the pulse waveform as well as the information generated by combining these with each others. 4) This system can reveal the relationship between the morphological changes of pulse wave and the estimated displacement of radial artery wall by indentation. Consequently, the developed system can furnish more abundant information on radial artery than previous diagnosis systems based on tonometric measurement. In further study, we expect to setup the standard measuring process and to concrete the algorithm for the estimation of radial artery's diameter and of displacement of radial artery's wall. Furthermore, with well designed clinical studies, we hope to turn out the usefulness of developed system in the field of cardiovascular system evaluation.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.259-263
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• 2018

A radial artery pulse wave is measured while pressing an artery with constant force. However, pulse waveform measurements vary depending on pressing force and direction. Accurate pulse waveform measurements are important for analysis. Thus, it is necessary to define the measurement range of the permissible force and direction from which a correct pulse waveform is derived. In this study, pulse waves were generated by a pulse wave generator for accurate control. The pulse waves generated for different angles and pressing forces were analyzed. The augmentation index (AIx), which is the most commonly used index for evaluating vascular stiffness, was analyzed. The AIx was measured within ${\pm}6^{\circ}$ of the vessel direction and within ${\pm}8^{\circ}$ perpendicular to the vessel direction with a force that was 25% or more of the pressing force at which the maximum pressure wave was generated. We identified the applicable pressing force and angle range by analyzing the effect of pressing angle on the pulse wave. The AIx analysis performed using the pulse wave measurement device is reliable and reproducible.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.30.1-30.1
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• 2008

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.59-72
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• 2010

Objectives : In the study on the waveform analysis of radial artery pulse diagnosis, we need to establish fundaments of contemporary pulse diagnosis research, and to find the change of pulse waveform parameter with applied variation pf pressure. Methods : As we will to do experimental research on the difference of pulse waveform on the radial artery with applied variations of pressure(5 stage-pressure) and measuring position(left KWAN). In this research, we analyzed the change of the waveform according to five stage pressure. Results : The results were as follows; When we analyzed the change of the waveform according to pressure in the left KWAN, E, hl, h2 and A were the difference between 8ths pressure grades in 95% trust section. And t2, t4 were the difference between 8ths pressure grades in 95% trust section. W was the difference between 8ths pressure grades in 95% trust section. And h2/h1 was the difference between 6ths pressure grades in 95% trust section. There is the difference between 1st and 2nd grade & between 2nd and 5th grade in the case of t4/t2 in 95% trust section. And there is the difference between 1st and 5th grade, between 3rd and 4th grade, between 3rd and 5th grade & between 4th and 5th grade in the case of W/A in 95% trust section. And there is the difference between 1st and 2nd grade, between 2nd and 3rd grade, between 2nd and 4th grade, between 3rd and 4th grade, between 3rd and 5th grade & between 4th and 5th grade in the case of A/E in 95% trust section. Conclusions : We found the statistically resonable differences between each pulse depending on the applied pressure. And Analysing the radial pulse(left KWAN) at 5 applied pressure levels may be useful to study on the pulse waveform diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2008

Although the pulse diagnosis position, Guan is apart from Cun or Chi by only $10{\sim}20$ mm at most, traditional medical doctors applies different indent pressures and even they states different pulse images are felt at Cun, Guan and Chi, To support their clinical behaviors, in this study, we tested statistically whether there are differences in pulse waveform measured at these three positions with SphygmoCor system used world widely, A 30 years old female subject without any evidence of cardiovascular diseases was involved in this experiment. Radial pulse waves were recorded at three different positions on left lower arm 10 times at three positions-Cun, Guan and Chi. With ANOVA, we tested whether, among three different positions. there are any differences in 12 parameters of radial pulse waveform and in estimated AIx(Augmentation Index) as an arterial stiffness index extracted from radial pulse waveform. As results, differences in optimal indent pressure h0 were observed at different measuring positions(P<0.001) but not significantly different. And pulse pressure his were found to be different(Chi$22.60{\pm}3.06%,\;18.60{\pm}3.37%\;and\;26.4{\pm}5.02%$ respectively. Consequently. AIx at Gwan seems to be lowest and that at Chi seems to be highest. So. we assert the AIx at Chi is likely to be overestimated. In further studies. we want to examine what make differences in these parameters between measuring positions. And it also seems to be worthy to investigate the relationship between the depth of radial artery and AIx. And, ultimately, we need to determine the best measuring process including measuring position, hold-down pressure, signal quality validation and so on. so to achieve the optimal waveform which represents subject's health condition for both western medicine and traditional medicine.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2015

A pulse is generated when the heart pumps blood into the arterial system. The heart pumps blood only when it contracts, not when it relaxes; therefore, blood enters the arterial system in a cyclical form. Artery beating is visible in some parts of the body surface, such as the radial artery of the wrist. This paper mainly uses the feature in which near-infrared spectroscopy penetrates skin to construct a non-invasive measurement system that can measure small vibration in the subcutaneous tissue of the human body, and then uses it for the pulse measurement. This measurement system uses the optical moir$\acute{e}$ principle, together with the fringe displacement made by small vibration in the subcutaneous tissue, and an image analysis program to calculate the height variation from small vibrations in the subcutaneous tissue. It completes a measurement system that records height variation with time, and that together with a fast Fourier transform (FFT) program, they can convert the pulse waveform generated by vibration (time-amplitude) to heartbeat frequency (frequency-amplitude). This is a new and non-invasive medical assistance system for measuring the pulse of the human body, with the advantages of being simple, fast, safe and objective.