• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1153-1153
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• 2001

Directive 79/373/EEC on the marketing of compound feeding stuffs, provided far a flexible declaration arrangement confined to the indication of the feed materials without stating their quantity and the possibility was retained to declare categories of feed materials instead of declaring the feed materials themselves. However, the BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) and the dioxin crisis have demonstrated the inadequacy of the current provisions and the need of detailed qualitative and quantitative information. On 10 January 2000 the Commission submitted to the Council a proposal for a Directive related to the marketing of compound feeding stuffs and the Council adopted a Common Position (EC N$^{\circ}$/2001) published at the Official Journal of the European Communities of 2. 2. 2001. According to the EC (EC N$^{\circ}$ 6/2001) the feeds material contained in compound feeding stufs intended for animals other than pets must be declared according to their percentage by weight, by descending order of weight and within the following brackets (I :< 30%; II :> 15 to 30%; III :> 5 to 15%; IV : 2% to 5%; V: < 2%). For practical reasons, it shall be allowed that the declarations of feed materials included in the compound feeding stuffs are provided on an ad hoc label or accompanying document. However, documents alone will not be sufficient to restore public confidence on the animal feed industry. The objective of the present work is to obtain calibration equations fur the instanteneous and simultaneous prediction of the chemical composition and the percentage of ingredients of unground compound feeding stuffs. A total of 287 samples of unground compound feeds marketed in Spain were scanned in a FOSS-NIR Systems 6500 monochromator using a rectangular cup with a quartz window (16 $\times$ 3.5 cm). Calibration equations were obtained for the prediction of moisture ($R^2$= 0.84, SECV = 0.54), crude protein ($R^2$= 0.96, SECV = 0.75), fat ($R^2$= 0.86, SECV = 0.54), crude fiber ($R^2$= 0.97, SECV = 0.63) and ashes ($R^2$= 0.86, SECV = 0.83). The sane set of spectroscopic data was used to predict the ingredient composition of the compound feeds. The preliminary results show that NIRS has an excellent ability ($r^2$$\geq$ 0, 9; RPD $\geq$ 3) for the prediction of the percentage of inclusion of alfalfa, sunflower meal, gluten meal, sugar beet pulp, palm meal, poultry meal, total meat meal (meat and bone meal and poultry meal) and whey. Other equations with a good predictive performance ($R^2$$\geq$0, 7; 2$\leq$RPD$\leq$3) were the obtained for the prediction of soya bean meal, corn, molasses, animal fat and lupin meal. The equations obtained for the prediction of other constituents (barley, bran, rice, manioc, meat and bone meal, fish meal, calcium carbonate, ammonium clorure and salt have an accuracy enough to fulfill the requirements layed down by the Common Position (EC Nº 6/2001). NIRS technology should be considered as an essential tool in food Safety Programs.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1998

Effects of various jelly prepared with different concentrations of agar and sugars on overall acceptability of the peach jelly were investigated. The preparations of peach for experimental jelly were carried by the mixture of peach pulp and juice(MPJ), and the extract form peach(EP). The results were summarized as follows ; 1. The pH for MPJ and EP were 3.95 to 4/31, respectively, and the brix degree were 13.0% and 11.5%, respectively. 2. The jelly prepared with MPJ added 3% agar and 30% sugar were most effective in appearance, hardness, springiness and overall acceptability. The relation of samples(P<0.001) was found to be significant. On the other hand, the jelly prepared with EP was higher scored than that with MPJ in overall acceptability, but there was no significant differences between samples. 3. The Hunter values of L*, a* and b* were the highest in both the jelly prepared with MPJ and that with EP, added 2% agar and 10% sugar. However, the L*, a* and b* values of the jelly added MPJ were higher than those of the sample added EP. 4. Texture and color scores of both the jelly added EP became higher as the concentrations of agar and sugars increased and there was significant differences between samples. 5. The relation between springiness and overall acceptability, and L* value of the jelly added MPJ showed negative at P<0.05 and that between springiness and overall acceptability of the jelly added EP also showed negative.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.631-646
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• 2011

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent and can be isolated from diverse human tissues including bone marrow, fat, placenta, dental pulp, synovium, tonsil, and the thymus. They function as regulators of tissue homeostasis. Because of their various advantages such as plasticity, easy isolation and manipulation, chemotaxis to cancer, and immune regulatory function, MSCs have been considered to be a potent cell source for regenerative medicine, cancer treatment and other cell based therapy such as GVHD. However, relating to its supportive feature for surrounding cell and tissue, it has been frequently reported that MSCs accelerate tumor growth by modulating cancer microenvironment through promoting angiogenesis, secreting growth factors, and suppressing anti-tumorigenic immune reaction. Thus, clinical application of MSCs has been limited. To understand the underlying mechanism which modulates MSCs to function as tumor supportive cells, we co-cultured human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) with cancer cell lines H460 and U87MG. Then, expression data of ASCs co-cultured with cancer cells and cultured alone were obtained via microarray. Comparative expression analysis was carried out using DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery) and PANTHER (Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships) in divers aspects including biological process, molecular function, cellular component, protein class, disease, tissue expression, and signal pathway. We found that cancer cells alter the expression profile of MSCs to cancer associated fibroblast like cells by modulating its energy metabolism, stemness, cell structure components, and paracrine effect in a variety of levels. These findings will improve the clinical efficacy and safety of MSCs based cell therapy.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.277-283
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• 2005

A plasticizer is a substance which is added to a material to improve its processability, flexibility and stratchability. Phthalates and adipates are the most frequently used plasticizers of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). However, they can migtate into food from PVC food packaging, and some of them are especially suspected as endocrine disruptors. In this study, Simultaneous analysis of 13 phthalates and 9 adipates were carried out by dual-column gas chromatography system equipped wi two FID detectors for rapid confirmation and quantification. The Proposed method was validated with > 0.993 of linearity in the ranges of 10-500 mg/l, < $3.5\%$ RSD of reproducability in 10 inter-days sample preparations, and > $98.1\%$ of recoveries for all the plasticizers. DEHA was detected in all the 3 PVC wraps at levels of 176.9-198.5mg/g. Among the 51 samples of PVC gaskets, the targeted plasticizers were detected in 41 samples. Of these plasticizer detected samples,40 contained DIDP at the levels of 157.3-374.7 mg/g and one contained DMP at the levels of 165.6 mg/g. Also, some plasticizers were detected in other packaging materials such as PET, PP, PE, Pulp. But it might be attributed to contamination in manufacturing.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2007

In the present study, we focused on stem cells in the dental papilla of the tooth germ. The tooth germ, sometimes called the tooth bud, is the primordial structure from which a tooth is formed. The tooth germ consists of the enamel organ, the dental papilla, and the dental follicle. The dental papilla lies below a cellular aggregation of the enamel organ. Mesenchymal cells within the dental papilla are responsible for formation of dentin and pulp of a tooth. Tooth germ disappears as a tooth is formed, but that of a third molar stays in the jawbone of a human until the age of 10 to 16, because third molars grow slowly. Impacted third molar tooth germs from young adults are sometimes extracted for orthodontic treatment. In the present study, we evaluated the osteogenic activity and mineralization of cultured human dental papilla-derived cells. Dental papillas were harvested from mandible during surgical extraction of lower impacted third molar from 3 patients aged 13-15 years. After passage 3, the dental papilla-derived cells were trypsinized and subsequently suspended in the osteogenic induction DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 50 g/ml L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, 10 nM dexamethasone and 10 mM -glycerophosphate at a density of $1\;{\times}10^6\;cells/dish$ in a 100-mm culture dish. The dental papilla-derived cells were then cultured for 6 weeks and the medium was changes every 3 days during the incubation period. Dental papilla-derived cells showed positive alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining during 42 days of culture period. The formation of ALP stain showed its maximal manifestation at day 7 of culture period, then decreased in intensity during the culture period. ALP mRNA level was largely elevated at 1 weeks and gradually decreased with culture time. Osteocalcin mRNA expression appeared at day 14 in culture, after that its expression continuously increased in a time-dependent manner up to day 28. The expression remained constant thereafter. Runx2 expression appeared at day 7 with no detection thereafter. Von Kossa-positive mineralization nodules were first present at day 14 in culture followed by an increased number of positive nodules during the entire duration of the culture period. Osteocalcin secretion was detectable in the culture medium from 1 week. The secretion of osteocalcin from dental papilla-derived cells into the medium greatly increased after 3 weeks although it showed a shallow increase by then. In conclusion, our study showed that cultured human dental papilla-derived cells differentiated into active osteoblastic cells that were involved in synthesis of bone matrix and the subsequent mineralization of the matrix.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.2197-2204
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• 2000

Lignin is a major component of wastewater generated in the chemical processing of wood. Because it is recalcitrant, it inhibits biological treatment of wastewater of pulp manufacturing, especially high concentration of lignin may inhibit the anaerobic digestion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of high molecular hardwood lignin (lignosulfonate, MW $\geq$ 20,000) on aceticlastic methanogens in the batch reactors at different temperatures with different sludge concentrations, using anaerobic serum bottles. The hardwood lignin was found to inhibit anaerobic conversion of acetate to methane and carbon dioxide, shown with a long lag-phase before methanogenesis started. The methanogens assumed not to be able to acclimate to the lignin were found to be acclimated slowly in the batch experiments, finally reaching non-toxic levels in which methane production could start. The hardwood lignin was found not to be bacteriocidal but bacteriostatic to aceticlastic methanogens. Hardwood lignin(lignosulfonate) at 1.3, 2.6, and 3.9%(w/w) inhibited the acetateutilizing methanogens of anaerobic digester sludge by 14.5, 17.8, 21.1 days(in noninhibitory condition it took 10 days) to produce the same amount of methane. The inhibitory effect of lignin was examined at temperature ranges of $30^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$. When 2.6% of lignin was contained in wastewater, methane production was highest at $30^{\circ}C$ during initial 8 days. At $4^{\circ}C$, methane production rapidly increased after 12 days of digestion, the value became higher than that at $30^{\circ}C$ after 14 days. However, the methane production was completely inhibited during whole digestion period at $50^{\circ}C$. High ratio of lignin concentration to initial anaerobic sludge concentration gave tolerance to the inhibition. In this experiment, high molecular hardwood lignin was not degraded and decolorized.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.642-651
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• 2008

This study was carried out to give basic information of traumatic injuries of primary and permanent teeth which can be used for diagnosis and management of injured teeth. From January 2003 to July 2007, 570 children with 1394 teeth who came to pediatric dentistry and emergency center of Chonnam National University Hospital due to the traumatized teeth participated in this study. The following data were investigated. : age, sex, causes and places of trauma, position of injured teeth, types of injury, and treatment at the first visit. 1. Trauma prevailed at the age of 1, $6{\sim}8$, $17{\sim}18$ and the rate of males was more likely to be higher than the rate of females(1.9 : 1). 2. The main cause of injury is a fall-down injury for primary and mixed dentition, but is a traffic accident and fighting for permanent dentition, respectably. The place of injury for primary dentition is mainly home(45.3%), while street for mixed and permanent dentition. 3. The position of injured teeth according to the area in the mouth is mainly maxillary anterior teeth in both case of primary and permanent teeth and especially, the ratio of central incisors is high. 4. The periodontal tissue injury occurred the most frequently in the primary and the permanent teeth, but the ratio of hard tissue injury in the permanent teeth increased, compared with the primary teeth. 5. Among treatments at the first visit, observation without actual treatment comprised 75.6% in the primary teeth and 55.4% in the permanent teeth, respectably. The pulp necrosis occurred in 20.3% of the primary teeth and 26.6% of the permanent teeth in the case of the periodontal tissue injuries, respectably.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2001

Purpose : Authors investigated the efficiency of preoperative MRI in suspicious glomus tumor and the clinical outcomes after marginal excision. Materials and Methods : In 10 cases of glomus tumors in the fingers, authors retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, including previous trauma, treatment history, preoperative symptoms, physical examination, plain radiography, MRI (9 cases), pathological findings and postoperative complications. Results : The patients had pain in 10 cases, tenderness in 9 cases, cold sensitivity in 3 cases and edema in one case. MRI showed low signal (3 cases) or iso-signal (5) intensity on T1 weighted image, high signal intensity (8) on T2 weighted image, and all the lesions were enhanced in gadolinium enhancement images. The exact locations of glomus tumors were median in 6 cases, lateral in 5, lateral fold in 2 and pulp in 3 in transverse section and nail bed in 5 cases and nail matrix in 5 in sagittal section. Marginal excision was performed by lateral approach in one case and transungual in 9 cases. Histologically, all 10 cases were composed of solid sheets of round cells interrupted by thin-walled blood vessels. Most of clinical symptoms were disappeared in all cases after operation. Nail deformity was found in one case, which was originated from nail matrix, however, there was no recurrence. Summary : Clinical symptom was the most impotant factor in diagnosis of glomus tumor in the fingers. However, preoperative MRIs were helpful in patients, who had obscure pain or prolonged clinical symptoms with suspicious glomus tumors. Preoperative MRI might be one of the most useful tools for establishing the exact diagnosis and detecting the location of glomus tumors, in spite of the relatively high expenses.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.433-445
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• 1995

Tooth movement, the phenomena and mechanisms of which are still controversial, can be considered as part of the result of the inflammatory processes. The purpose of this study was to examine the activity of macrophage and T-cell, playing important roles in the immune reaction, in the periodontal ligament of dog, in which experimental tooth movement was performed. Six one and half year-old dogs, a control and 5 experimentals, were studied. Light force (50-75g) was applied by placing open-coil spring between left mandibular premolars ; heavy force (250-300g), between right mandibular premolars. Experimental dogs were sacrificed at 12 hours, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days since force application, respectively. And the histologic and the immunohistochemical evaluation on the obtained tissue were performed, using $\alpha$-1-antichymotrypsin and CD3 antibodies. The results were as follows : 1. There were more inflammatory cell infiltrations in heavy force group than in light force group until 3 days. But from 7 dsays on, no difference was not observed between groups ; Such an infiltration was more evident at pressure side than at tension side. 2. Osteoclastic activity at pressure side began to be seen in 12 hours, increasing until 7 days. After then it decreased ; Such an activity was more evident in heavy force group than in light force group. 3. Tearing of periodontal ligament and vascular dilatation at tension side began to be seen in 12 hours, increasing until 3 days. After then it decreased ; Such an observation was more evident in heavy force group than in light force group, but there was no difference between groups in 14 days. 4. $\alpha$-1-antichymotrypsin expression in control group was positive, mainly in sulcular epithelium, but negative in periodontal membrane, pulp, bone cells. 5. $\alpha$-1-antichymotrypsin expression in experimental group was more positive in pressure side than in tension side ; The expression was a little more positive in cervical area of tooth until 3 days, but after 7days, it was more positive in apical area. 6. $\alpha$-1-antichymotrypsin expression in light force group began to be observed in 12 hours and reached to the greatest level in 7 days, after which it decreased ; In heavy force group, it was the greatest in 3 days, after which it decreased. 3 Expression in the periodontium was almost negative.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-25
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• 2004

This study analyzes the external forms of the household textbooks and also the contents of them used at girls' middleㆍhigh schools during the period of Japanese ruling over Korea. To this end, 8 household textbooks published from 1928 to 1937 were analyzed. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. The household subject had become the one of the most important subjects to girl students as the practical uses were emphasized in educational area during the period. As a result. the classes of the household were the second in hours, following the class of Japanese (the national language) to girl students. 2. The contents of the household textbooks were intended to contain 'the modern' and 'the newest'. The students were also suggested to apply the contents of the textbooks to real home life. Many pictures, photos and illustrations were included in household textbooks to help students to understand the contents of the subject. 3. The purposes of the household class were the reformation of the living conditions and home economics. 4. The external characteristics of the household textbooks during the period were as follows. - Written in Japanese vertically and the size of the textbook was A5 (150/210) with pulp paper of good quality - The type style of the body of the textbooks was Ming-style type- The sequent order of the textbooks was the outer cover, the title page, pictorial, introduction, table of contents, the body, appendix and the back cover. 5. The household textbooks consisted of the first volume and the second volume. The first volume contained clothing and textiles, food and nutrition and housing. Taking care of the aged. nursing. child care, household economy and home management were included in the second volume. 6. The household textbooks were designed to make women the housewives.