• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.594-600
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• 2000

연구배경 : 급성폐손상 환자는 폐의 염증 및 투과성 증가로 폐부종을 보인다. 폐부종의 중요한 결정요인은 폐모세혈관압이며 호기말양압은 폐모세혈관에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 최근 폐동맥 풍선 도자를 이용한 임상적인 폐모세혈관압 측정법이 발전하여, 이를 이용 하면 폐동맥쐐기압 뿐만 아니라 폐모세혈관압 측정도 가능하게 되었다. 이에 급성폐손상 환자를 대상으로 폐동맥 풍선 도자로 폐동맥쐐기압 및 폐모세혈관압의 변화를 관찰하여 폐동맥쐐기압이 폐모세혈관압올 적절히 반영하는지 알아보고, 호기말양압의 변화가 폐모세혈관압에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행 하였다. 방법 : 급성폐손상으로 기계호흡을 받은 11명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 호기말 양압을 0cm$H_2O$에서 시작하여 15분 간격으로 4cm$H_2O$ 씩 증가시켜 12cm$H_2O$까지 변화를 주연서 정해진 PEEP값에서 폐동맥 풍선 도자를 이용한 폐모세혈관압 측정법을 사용하여 자료를 얻었다. 결과 : 호기말양압을 0cm$H_2O$부터 12cm$H_2O$까지 증가시킴에 따라 중심정맥압은 $6.1{\pm}1.6$에서 $9.3{\pm}2.3$mmHg까지 증가하였고, 평균폐동맥압도 $22.7{\pm}7.4$에서 $25.3{\pm}7.3$mmHg까지 증가하였다. 또한 폐동맥쐐기압은 $9.8{\pm}2.1$ 에서 $12.8{\pm}2.1$mmHg로 증가하였고, 폐모세혈관압도 $15.3{\pm}3.3$ 에서 $17.8{\pm}3.2$mmHg로 증가 하였다. 결론 : 급성폐손상 환자에서 폐동맥쐐기압이 폐모세혈관압을 반영하나 호기말양압을 사용하면 폐모세혈관압이 증가하는 것을 관찰하였다. 따라서 급성폐손상 환자의 수액요법에서 폐동맥쐐기압 뿐만 아니라 폐모세혈관압의 감시도 가치가 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2001

Although extracorporeal circulation (ECC) has been routinely used for cardiovascular surgery, hyperoxemia during ECC may produce oxygen toxicity and cellular injury. This study was performed to investigate the clinical influences of hyperoxemic ECC during cardiovascular operation. 40 adult patients scheduled for elective cardiovascular surgery were classified into normoxemic (arterial oxygen tension: 115 mmHg, n＝20) and hyperoxemic (arterial oxygen tension: 380 mmHg, n＝20) ECC. At preoperative and postoperative period, total leukocyte and neutrophil counts, platelet counts, iron, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine in peripheral arterial blood, malondialdehyde (MDA) and troponin-T concentration (TnT) in coronary sinus blood, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and postoperative blood loss volume (BLS) were measured and compared between groups. Hyperoxemic group had postoperatively higher total leukocyte and neutrophil counts, MDA, TnT, PVR total BLS, iron, glucose, AST, ALT, BUN, and creatinine than normoxemic group (p<0.05).0 conclusion, hyperoxemic ECC results in greater inflammatory response and oxidative damaging effects on the heart lung, liver and kidney, probably being adverse to postoperative patient recovery. For reducing these deleterious effects and improving postoperative outcomes, management lowering oxygen tension during ECC is recommended.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.877-881
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• 1988

A coronary arteriovenous fistula represents an abnormal communication from a coronary artery that may enter any cardiac chamber, a pulmonary artery, the coronary sinus, the superior vena cava or the pulmonary vein. We had a successful experience with 46 year-old male who complained exertional dyspnea[NYHA classification II] and anginal pain since 5 years ago. In intensive study of cardiac catheterization and coronary cineangiography, multiple bilateral coronary arteriovenous fistulas and mitral stenoinsufficiency with left atrial thrombi were recognized. The coronary arterio-venous fistula of left coronary artery was revealed large tortuous aberrant vessels that were connected between just distal portion of first diagonal branch of left anterior descending artery and main pulmonary artery. Other fistula was small tortuous vessel which was originated from left atrial branch of left circumflex artery, was drained into left atrium. The fistula of right coronary artery was communicated conal branch of right coronary artery to main pulmonary artery. But there was no 0y step-up in the right cardiac catheterization. The operative procedure were suture-ligation of draining orifice of coronary arteriovenous fistula in main pulmonary artery, mitral valve replacement[Ionescu-Shiley 25mm] with removal of left atrial thrombi and plication of left atrium under the extracorporeal circulation. The postoperative course was uneventful without any complication and discharged without problem at 17th postoperative days.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.414-422
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• 1985

Truncus arteriosus is one of the rare cyanotic congenital cardiac anomalies and thought to be result from complete or partial failure of trunco-conal septum. A single arterial trunk receiving blood from both ventricles supplies the coronary, pulmonary and systemic circulation. The symptoms were usually related to the degree of the pulmonary blood flow and functional status of truncal valve, and mostly appeared within the first two months of life. The prognosis is generally considered to be poor in spite of successful surgical correction. This report is a case of 13 years old female with type I truncus arteriosus, which was successfully corrected using a intracardiac Dacron tunnel graft[semilunar, 18mm] from VSD to the truncal valve, and a extra-cardiac lonescu-Shiley valved[20mm] Dacron conduit [21mm] from RV to the pulmonary artery[Rastelli operation].

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권11호
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• pp.1055-1060
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• 2007

Right-sided heart failure is a major problem among patients with congenital heart diseases, due to the prevalence of congenital heart defects and the association of pulmonary hypertension. More attention is focused on the structure of the right heart particularly in association with congenital heart defects and chronic lung disease. The right ventricle (RV) may support the pulmonary circulation, and sometimes the systemic circulation (systemic RV) in congenital heart defects. Despite major progress being made, assessing the RV remains challenging, often requiring a multi-imaging approach and expertise (echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear and cineangiography). Evidence is accumulating that RV dysfunction develops in many of these patients and leads to considerable morbidity and mortality. While there is extensive literature on the pathophysiology and treatment of left heart failure, the data for right-sided heart failure is scarce. Therefore RV function in certain groups of congenital heart disease patients needs close surveillance and timely and appropriate intervention to optimise outcomes. An understanding of RV physiology and hemodynamics will lead to a better understanding of current and future treatment strategies for right heart failure. This will review right-sided heart failure with the implications of volume and pressure loading of the RV in congenital heart diseases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.175-183
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• 1988

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia [CDH] is a surgical emergency in the newborn infant because it causes severe cardiorespiratory distress. Congenital diaphragmatic eventration [CDE] may also produce severe cardiorespiratory distress in the newborn infant. CDH is an anatomically simple defect that can be easily repaired by reduction of the displaced viscera from the pleural cavity and closure of the diaphragmatic defect. But these infants mortality has not been reduced and still remains very high. The barrier to survival is pulmonary parenchymal and vascular hypoplasia as well as the complex syndrome of persistent fetal circulation. Between May, 1985 and Oct, 1987, 4 neonates with CDH and 1 neonate with CDE were seen in respiratory distress within 12 hrs of birth at St. Francisco general hospital. Each had severe acidosis and hypoxia. And was transferred from a local clinic. They were surgically repaired within 24 hrs of birth. Three neonates lived and two died. Two of the three neonates with CDH operated in the first 6 hrs died. The remaining two [one with CDH, the other with CDE] operated between 6hrs and 24 hrs lived. One case of mortality was combined with bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia and contralateral pneumothorax. The other one case of mortality was combined with complex syndrome of persistent fetal circulation after honeymoon period.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.458-468
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• 1992

With the aid of extracorporeal circulation, nine dogs underwent orthotopic cardiopulmonary transplantation after preservation of the donor heart in a hypothermic amino acid[glutamate, aspartate] enriched high potassium extracellular solution, and preservation of the donor lung with hypothermic low potassium dextran solution from June 1990 to May 1991. The mean body weights of dogs were 20kg and the recipients` preoperative hematologic and hemodynamic pictures were within normal range except slightly decreased level of albumin and total protein, which was supposed to be due to malnutrition. The following modifications of the original Stanford technique were emphasized: [1] the posterior mediastinum is dissected as little as possible with meticulous hemostasis; [2] the surgical procedure is kept away from the phrenic and vagus nerves; [3] the tracheal anastomosis may be wrapped with recipient`s pulmonary artery flap or surrouding soft tissues. A combination of Cyclosporine, Azathioprine, corticosteroid was used as perioperative immunosuppressive therapy. Postoperatively all recipients could be weaned from extracorporeal circulation, showing favorable vital signs, but within 24 hours, irreversible congetive heart failure, ascites, arrhythmias developed with a mean survival time 13.6$\pm$6.6[n=9, range=6~26] hours. Hemoglobin and platelet counts were significantly[p<0.05] decreased postoperatively, which is thought to be attributed to blood damage by cardiopulmonary bypass and hemodilution. Postmortem finding included multiple subendocardial patch hemorrhage in both atrial and ventricular cavities, pulmonary and liver congestion, and all tracheal anastomoses were intact. Further consideration about quality control of the animal, infection, rejection, the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on the experimental animal is required to improve the results.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.674-684
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• 1991

The surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot [TOF] was initiated by Blalock and Taussig in 1945 with the establishment of the subclavian artery to pulmonary artery anastomosis. In an imaginative and daring effort, in 1954, Lillehei and collaborators [1955] using controlled cross-circulation, carried out the first intracardiac repair of TOF by closing the ventricular septal defect [VSD] and relieving the pulmonary stenosis under direct vision. Nowadays, total correction is the ideal operation for treatment of TOF and is accomplished with extracorporeal circulation. And the results of surgery for TOF have steadily improved over the years, thanks to important contributions of many surgeons. Nevertheless because of its protean physiologic and anatomic presentation, TOF continues to offer challenges to cardiologist and cardiac surgeons. Thirty two cases of TOF have undergone total corrective surgery using extracorporeal circulation in the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, from Oct. 1985 to Feb. 1990. Clinical considerations were applied to these cases and the results were obtained as follows. 1. The heart lung machine used for extracorporeal circulation was SarnsO 7000, 5-head roller pump, and the number and type of oxygenators were 10 of bubble type and 22 of membrane type. The mean bypass time was 148.9 minutes and the mean aortic cross clamp time was 123.8 minutes. The GIK [glucose-insulin-potassium] solution was used as cardioplegic solution for myocardial protection during operation. 2. 20 cases were male and 12 were female, the mean age was 8 years old and the mean body weight was 25Kg. 3. The preoperative symptoms were cyanosis [29 cases], squatting [27 cases] and etc. The mean values of preoperative Hb., Hct., and SaO2 were 16.5 gm /dl, 50.3%, and 78.5%. 4. Combined anomalies were noticed in 16 cases [50%]. Among them 10 cases were PFO and 6 cases were ASD. 5. The degree of aorta overriding were 25% in 5 cases, 25 ~ 50% in 22 cases and above 50% in 5 cases. The dPA/Ao [ratio of diameter of pulmonary artery trunk to ascending aorta] were below 25% in 5 cases, 25 ~ 50% in 10 cases, 50 ~ 70% in 6 cases and above 75% in 11 cases. 6. The types of RVOT [right ventricular outflow tract] stenosis were valvular and infundibular in 14 cases [43.6%], diffuse hypoplastic type in 12 cases [37.5%], infundibular in 5 cases, and valvular and supravalvular in 1 case. 7. One stage radical corrective surgery was applied to the all cases. In widening of the RVOT, 3 types of patches were used: MVOP [monocusp ventricular outflow patch, Polystan BioprosthesesO] in 3 cases, knitted Dacron vessel patches in 2 cases, and double layer with bovine pericardium and woven Dacron prosthesis in 26 cases. 8. Postoperative complications were occurred in 15 cases. Among them, low output syndrome were occurred in 10 cases [31.3%] and 2 of them were expired postoperatively.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2000

문맥고혈압에 동반된 폐고혈압은 비교적 드문 질환으로 1951년 Mantz와 Craig가 처음 보고한 후 꾸준히 보고되고 있으나 국내엔 아직 보고된 바가 없다. 최근 간경변증으로 인한 복수와 호흡곤란을 주소로 내원한 49세 여자 환자에서 폐고혈압이 동반되어 있었던 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.660-664
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• 1999

현재 베체트병은 여러 기관을 침범하는 질환으로 인식되고 있으며 구강 및 음부 궤양, 안병변과 피부병변 을 주증상으로 하고 심혈관계, 호흡기계, 소화기계, 중 颯키麗\ulcorner 비뇨기계 등을 침범하여 다양한 증상을 나타 내고 있다. 베체트병에서의 폐동맥의 침범은 드물지만 다량의 객혈이 발생될 수 있으며 동맥류의 파열에 의 한 사망의 위험성이 높다. 29세의 남자 환자가 6개월간 지속된 객혈과 동반된 호흡곤란을 주소로 내원하였 다. 우측폐하엽에 종괴가 발견되어 우측 중엽 및 하엽 절제술을 시행 받았다. 수술소견상 우측 폐하엽에 4$\times$ 5$\times$4 cm의 박동 원형종괴가 있었으며 우중엽 및 우하엽의 폐동맥이 종괴와 연결이 되어 있었다. 병리소견과 병력상 베체트병에 의한 폐동맥류를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다.