• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.363-376
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• 2020

Various policies and institutional efforts are being made for mature democracy and more sustainable administration of our society. In this respect, the importance of civic participation, considered essential in environmental impact assessment, has been consistently emphasized in the relevant theories and practices. Although various methods and forms of public participation are taking place in Korea, criticism is widely understood that collecting citizens' opinions in the decision-making process has become ineffective and formal. Starting from these issues, this paper seeks to learn lessons from the foreign cases in the international context. Extensive literature review was conducted to examine the meaning and objectives of public participation in EIA and the tactical principles. Based on this, the participatory systems and procedures in the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan, and Canada were critically reviewed, and the implications were derived through specific cases. The results are, first, the provision of specific public participation guidelines, second, the securing of transparency in the decision-making process, third, the expansion of procedural participation levels, and lastly, the guarantee of participation opportunities. This paper is meaningful as a basic study to enrich discussions on public participation in the domestic EIA hoping to help research through more diverse empirical cases in the future.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.178-199
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• 2022

Two surveys for exploring communicative paths toward political participation were conducted with relatively large samples of Americans (N = 1001) and South Koreans (N = 1166). Hierarchical regression modeling of the relationships among demographics, personal networks, news consumption, and cross-cutting discussion and political participation demonstrated mostly commonalities between the two samples, including the interaction between political diversity and Twitter usage for news access but with distinct effect sizes of cross-cutting discussion on political participation. We attribute the differences to the two countries' distinct histories of democracy and culture, and the commonalities to the general relationships between cross-cutting discussion and political participation moderated by strong ties political homogeneity.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2010

Objectives: The Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) payment system, which has been mplemented in Korea since 1997, is based on voluntary participation. Hence, the positive impact of this system depends on the participation of physicians. This study examined the factors determining participation of Korean obstetrics & gynecology (OBGYN) clinics in the DRG-based payment system. Methods: The demographic information, practice-related variables of OBGYN clinics and participation information in the DRG-based payment system were acquired from the nationwide data from 2002 to 2007 produced by the National Health Insurance Corporation and the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. The subjects were 336 OBGYN clinics consisting of 43 DRG clinics that had maintained their participation in 2003-2007 and 293 no-DRG (fee-for-service) clinics that had never been a DRG clinic during the same period. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the factors associated with the participation of OBGYN clinics in the DRG-based payment system. Results: The factors affecting participation of OBGYN clinics in the DRG-based payment system were as follows (p<0.05): (1) a larger number of caesarian section (c/sec) claims, (2) higher cost of a c/sec, (3) less variation in the price of a c/sec, (4) fewer days of admission for a c/sec, and (5) younger pregnant women undergoing a c/sec. Conclusions: These results suggest that OBGYN clinics with an economic practice pattern under a fee-for-service system are more likely to participate in the DRG-based payment system. Therefore, to ensure adequate participation of physicians, a payment system with a stronger financial incentive might be more suitable in Korea.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.3-19
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• 2013

Studies on the SNS political participation have covered issues of SNS effect on political participation, electoral campaigns, and the public sphere. Such issues as characteristics of SNS political participation, the characteristics of SNS users, SNS effect on the political participation, active SNS political participants, and the impact on young people's political participation, etc. have been studied in the area of political participation effect. On the election issues, SNS impact on election turnout, voting behavior, and the election results were main research topics. Finally, the research on the public sphere mainly discussed topics of quality of SNS information and social fragmentation phenomenon. What is commonly observed across all the three subjects is that the conflicting claims appear to almost all the topics. These contradictory findings are likely to occur because variables of real politics are not fully taken into account and research variables are not strictly manipulated. We can get more accurate research results in the study of SNS political participation when we conduct cross-national research reflecting the context of real politics and also designing independent variables more in detail and elaborately.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.665-691
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• 2011

The implementation of an place-based rural policy requires changes in the intra-governmental relations and between the public and private sectors and civil society. Over the past decades, Japan has been increasingly devolving and decentralizing public responsibilities and resources to sub-national government levels. There is assumption that such transfers produce more efficiency in terms of public management and create better conditions for economic development. At the same time, these transfer respond to new expectations of citizens and civil society to participate more closely in the democratic decision-making process. Coordination is also needed at the local level to integrate sectoral approaches, to involve private partners and to achieve the appropriate geographic scale. Local public and private actors join a partnership and pool knowledge and resources. This type of local partnership is characterized by the participation of different actors, including municipalities, sub-regional government institution and development agencies. The participation of private actors(private firms, cooperatives, associations, non-profit organizations, farm organizations, other categories organizations, etc,) is also important.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.24 no.3 s.35
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• pp.339-355
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• 1991

The concept of workers' participation in occupational health was introduced to Korea recently in relation to primary health care in occupational health. But there is confusion and debate about workers' participation concept. The purpose of this study was to review the concepts of workers' participation and to conduct evaluation the workers' participation status in occupational health and safety, 394 workers and 54 employers (5.6%) in north area of Kyunggi-Do, were selected and interviewed with a questionnaire by a trained interviewer from August to September 1990. In general, the concept of workers' participation is based on industrial domocratisation and Declaration of Human Rights which had been powerful ideologies in labor movement. Contrary to workers' participation, community participation is rooted in the Health Rights. So, it is necessary to consider concept of workers' participation to improve participation. The results of survey were as follows. 1. Most of companies (71.75) carried out occupational health education to workers in study area. 2. The Occupational Safety and Health Committee (OSHC) were set up in 24.1% among the study companies, and 72.7% of workers among respondents thought that OSHC was helpful to workers health. 3. The workers signed his name to personal health report in 43.1% and the rate of participation in occupational environment examination was 54.9%. 4. The workers prefer the OSHC (39.3%), owner (35.1%) and union (25.8%) as a occupation health organisation, but owners prefer OSHC (54.5%), manager (43.2%) and union (2.3%). 5. Among the factors of the general characteristics, the existence of labor union was a major determinant of workers' attitude and level of workers' participation. As we have seen, most levels of workers' participation are low in occupational health. The variable of existence of labor union among the factors was a ma determinant of workers attitude and level of workers' participation. Therefore, in order to promote workers health, it is necessary to ponder long deeply on occupational health care system under the viewpoint of workers' participation.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.332-337
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• 2009

The stronghold diffusion style method is resident participation style residential environment improvement plan that first of all, the general public constructs base facilities which the temporary occupancy public housings, commonness use facilities, roads, etc. And then with using the public housing of the stronghold sector, the resident oneself improves the house with independence or commonness. As a result induction of the voluntary participation of economic situation and the resident where the improvement will is reflected and introduction of versatile maintenance method through stronghold development with participation of the general public, this study tries to present the residential improvement method of diffusion style. San-Jun was selected in the subject of investigation area in stronghold diffusion style residential environmental improvement plan area. Investigation contents population register quality and quality of present house, the degree which is a house environmental improvement plan, about residential improvement the fact etc. Because unsatisfactorily in compliance with the deterioration and spatial narrow of the house, The above of half is an improvement intention. Hereafter residential improvement, According to the condition which is economic, residential improvement will change. The plan will be able to augment the economic enemy capability of the resident should grope and the residents oneself creates the environment will be able to improve the house. Also with creating, activating a resident organization, through autonomous decision-making process, the residential improvement could be advanced continuously.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.149-154
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• 2009

For the past few decades, residential improvement projects have been mainly carried out after demolition of the original dwelling place. So far, interests and opinions of the existing residents have largely been ignored during the projects. However, citizen participation in local redevelopment has recently been regarded as essential part as progress in democracy and diversified public interests have offered more importance to citizen participation in the implementation of public policies. While the importance of resident participation has been increasingly emphasized in principle, there still has been more to do in its application in reality. We should develop the experience of collecting community opinion to make them reflected in public policy, if we are to achieve the resident and citizen-centered society. The purpose of this study is to develop an image map tool that can be applied to "Maul-Mandulgi" projects as a visualized method to facilitate the exchange of opinions and work toward agreements. The tool is supposed to assist the public discussion by visualizing the policies and reducing the possibility of misunderstanding, so that residents can properly respond to them. In addition, this study will verify the effectiveness of the tool in the application to local community workshops.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.505-511
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• 2007

Objectives : While cervical cancer is one of the leading cancers among women worldwide, there are a number of effective early detection tests available. However, the participation rates in cervical cancer screening among Korean women remain low. After the nationwide efforts in 1988 and thereafter to encourage participation in cervical cancer screening, few studies have investigated the effects of socioeconomic inequality on participation in cervical cancer screening. The purpose of this study was to investigate 1) the level of socioeconomic disparities in receiving cervical cancer screening by age group and 2) if there was an improvement in reducing these disparities between 1995 and 2001. Methods : Using data from the Korean National Health Status, Health Behavior and Belief Survey in 1995, the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1998 and 2001 (sample sizes of 2,297, 3,738, and 3,283), age-standardized participation rates were calculated according to education level, equivalized household income, and job status. Odds ratios and the relative inequality index (RII) were also calculated after controlling for age. Results : Women with lower education levels were less likely to attend the screening test, and the disparities by education level were most pronounced among women aged 60 years and older. The RIIs among women 60 years and older were 3.64, 4.46, and 8.64 in 1995, 1998, and 2001, respectively. Higher rates of participation were reported among those in the highest income category, which was more notable among the middle aged women (40s and 50s). An inconsistent trend in the rate of participation in cervical cancer screening by occupational level was found. Conclusions : Indicators of socioeconomic position seem to have varying impacts on the inequalities in the rates of participation in cervical cancer screening according to age group. These results demonstrate the need for more aggressive and age-based interventions and policy programs to eliminate the remaining inequalities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.99-111
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between public health nurse's decentralization, participation of decision-making and organizational commitment and to provide basic data for the improvement of public health nurse's organizational effectiveness. Data were collected from Aug. 1 to Aug. 30, 1998 (collection rate-96%) through questionnaires by 163 public health nurses working in Taejon and Chungnam. The instruments were used Van de Ven and Ferry's Job Authority scale, Hage and Aiken's Hierarchy of Authority scale. Participation of Decision-making scale. and Mowday's Organizational Commitment Questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS PC+. The results were as follows 1. There were significant differences of age(P<.05), career, spending time for major study, and experience who called expert(P<.01) to decentralization. 2. There were significant differences of career (P<.05), educational level, and spending time for major study(P<'OOl) to participation of decision-making. 3. There were significant differences of career. spending time for D1ajor study, self-evaluation to specialty(P<.01) and experience who called expert (P<.001) to organizational commitment. 4. 1) A significant correlation was found between decentralization and self-evaluation to specialty (P<.05), age, career, spending time for major study, and experience who called expert (P<.01.). 2) A significant correlation was found between participation of decision-making and self-eval-uation to specialty(P<.05), age, career, spending time for major study, experience to call expert, and decentralization (P<.01). 3) A significant correlation was found between organizational commitment and age(P<.05). career. spending time for major study, self-eval-uation to specialty, experience who called expert. decentralization, and participation of decision-making (P<.01). 5. Decentralization w·as the best predictor of or ganizational commitment(17%), also experience who called expert, self-evaluation to specialty explained the organizational commitment.