• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.167-180
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate effective ways to meet social and cultural interest in and needs of gardens and gardening. A total of 191 respondents who answered they were living in Gyeongnam region in the questionnaire were selected: 102 (53.4%) were males and 89 (46.6%) were females. In frequency of garden visits, 45% of the respondents answered they visited gardens once a year. Their preferred companion was family (43.6%), followed by friends/colleagues (24.3%). Their important motives of garden visits included admiration of gardens' scenery and ambience, pleasure in being outdoors, relaxing mentally and physically, and appreciation of plants. Relatively less important motives included understanding or educating about nature and environmental conservation, and interest in garden design and horticulture techniques. In the overall assessment of gardens and gardening, the quality of the establishment, management and operation of botanic gardens and arboreta in Gyeongnam region scored 3.32 scale, which was close to the level of 'fair.' Also, the respondents agreed at 3.91 scale that it was necessary to improve the garden creation, gardening, and garden culture. Meanwhile, many people in Gyeongnam region did not clearly understand differences between garden and public park, also had a very obscure perception of public garden. The results of importance-performance analysis (IPA) indicated that it is necessary to concentrate on directing and developing some programs such as admiration of beautiful and exotic plants, and education on garden culture including garden making and horticultural techniques.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3879-3887
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• 2012

Background: Development of effective educational strategies should accompany increases in public awareness and the availability of genetic testing for breast cancer (BC). These educational strategies should be designed to fulfill the knowledge gap while considering factors that influence women's interest in order to facilitate decision making. Objective: To determine the possible correlates of Saudi women's interest in BC genes testing including socio-demographics, the level of awareness towards BC genes, the family history of BC and the perceived personal risk among adult Saudi women in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out during the second BC community-based campaign in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. All Saudi women aged ${\geq}18$ years (n=781) attending the educational components of the campaign were invited to a personal interview. Data collection included gathering information about sociodemographics, family history of BC, the perceived personal risk for BC, awareness and attitude towards BC genes and the women's interest in BC genes testing. Results: Of the included women (n=599), 19.5% perceived higher risk for BC development, significantly more among < 40 years of age, and with positive family history of BC before 50 years of age. The participants demonstrated a poor level of awareness regarding the inheritance, risk, and availability of BC genetic testing. The median summated knowledge score was 1.0 (out of 7 points) with a knowledge deficit of 87.8%. The level of knowledge showed significant decline with age (> 40 years). Of the included women 54.7% expressed an interest in BC genetic testing for assessing their BC risk. Multivariate regression model showed that being middle aged (Odds Ratio 'OR'=1.88, confidence intervals 'C.I'=1.14-3.11), with higher knowledge level (OR=1.67, C.I=1.08-2.57) and perceiving higher risk for BC (OR=2.11, C.I=1.61-2.76) were the significant positive correlates for Saudi women interest in BC genetic testing. Conclusion: Saudi women express high interest in genetic testing for BC risk despite their poor awareness. This great interest may reflect the presence of inappropriate information regarding BC genetic testing and its role in risk analysis.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.129-149
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• 2009

The interest in wine has been increasing because of raised standard of living, increased leisure time, raised interest in health. Therefore, a few wine related tourism product has introduced to public including wine train to Young-dong region and overseas wine tour package. This study focused on motivation to visit overseas wine tour package in order to segment target wine tourism countries. As a result, three different markets were segmented and they showed different characteristics with regard to demographics, tourism behavior, and preferred wine tourism countries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.161-163
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• 2012

Recently on Value Engineering(VE) and Life Cycle Cost(LCC) social interests is increasing. The government Turn Key, BTL projects and public works projects, such as VE and LCC Analysis on the value and economic analysis is mandatory. And accordingly the VE and LCC analysis is underway for the various studies. However, there is a problem existing in the LCC analysis. Worth the cost varies according to the flow of time. However, the real interest rate during the LCC analysis of buildings in calculation time for interest rates and inflation are not considering the value of the flow. In other words, a few years using the average value of the deterministic analysis method has been adopted. These costs for the definitive analysis of the cost of an uncertain future, unforeseen changes resulting hazardous value. In this study of the last 15 years interest rates and inflation targeting by using Monte-Carlo Simulation is to perform probabilistic analysis. This potential to overcome uncertainties of the cost of building a more scientific and LCC Estimation of the probability value of the real interest rate is presented.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

As recently too many local museums have been built in the whole country, most of them cannot attract enough spectators. In order to resolve this problem, it is needed for local museums to differentiate their spaces and programs related to their exhibition. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of spaces and programs of local museums from the perspective of spatial marketing to activate them, and contribute to development of local cultures. This study targeted historical public museums located in Seoul and Incheon. Through preceding research, an analysis frame was established based on the keywords related to spatial marketing, and then the characteristics of spaces and programs of local museums were analyzed based on the frame. The study results are as follows. 1) Access convenience refers to openness that public museums located in Seoul and Incheon can embrace accessible locations, points of interest, and convenient facilities easily recognized by pedestrians. 2) Symbolic formativeness is to express symbolic historical contents in the museum lobby or exhibition to show the identity of local museums. 3) Visibility is needed for direct guidance signs or spaces to let spectators know directions and locations. 4) Public concern is for spectators and local residents to participate in local museums to share and utilize their partial spaces. 5) Interactivity is to induce activation of local museums by utilizing experience exhibition contents and having spectators directly contact exhibits. 6) Interest is related to cultural festival programs of exhibition to arouse spectators' and local residents' curiosity. 7) Participation is to activate spaces and spectators by providing educational programs. 8) Usefulness is to induce spectators' interest in local museums by providing historical, social, and cultural information. These results are expected to be used as baseline data to suggest a new direction for activation of local museums from the perspective of spatial marketing.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.315-344
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• 1995

The relationship of information flow and market price formation are central to the basic tenets of financial economics. Whereas information is usually treated as being either public or private(monopolistic), most empirical studies focus on the price effects of public announcements. More recent research has centered more on the role of private information, such as insider trading, in efficient pricing and whether such trading increases investor welfare. Typically, 'insider trading' refers to an officer that trades in his/her company's shares. Insider trading, however, also refers to anyone who generates private, albeit costly, information concerning a stock's fundamental value. Normally, such insider activity is more difficult to ascertain. One way in which negative information is revealed is through short-selling activity, especially the monthly short-interest positions reported by the national stock exchanges. Diamond and Verrecchia(1987) provide a theoretical paradigm that predicts a negative price adjustment upon announcement of n company's monthly short interest, if the short interest displays an unusual increase and is correlated with negative information that is not yet public. Empirical studies of the short-run, negative price effect predicted by Diamond and Verrecchia find mixed results. One explanation is that the time period studied is too short for the market to absorb the informational content of these announcements. One reason is that these announcements are an ambiguous signal that requires more individuals and time to collect and act on the same information before full revelation occurs or before the implicit information becomes publicly known. This 'long delayed reaction' also serves as a motivation for related research on the wealth effect of mergers, share repurchases, and initial equity offerings in which long-run performance differs from the initial, short-run reaction to such announcements or offerings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1334-1345
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• 1997

The purpose of this study were 1) to identify the effects of age and sex of Korean adolescents on the psychological variables(body attitudes, public/private self-consciousness, self-esteem), weight control practices, and clothing behaviors, and 2) to identify the relation- ships between psychological variables and weight control practices, and the effects of the variables on clothing behaviors in the adolescent' groups classified by sex and age. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Two factors of body attitudes were identified: Body-shape consciousness and Physical attractiveness. Four factors of clothing attitudes were identified: Clothing interest/dressing for others, Clothing exhibition, Dressing for self, and Psychological clothing-dependerlce. 2) There were significant effects of sex on all of the research variables. Age was found to have effects on Physical attractiveness, self-esteem, public/private self-consciousness, Clothing exhibition, and Psychological clothing- dependence. 3) In the relationships between psychological variables and weight control practices, Body-shape consciousness was negatively correlated with Physical attractiveness in all groups. Also, Body-shape consciousness had effects on weight control practice in all subject groups. 4) Public self-consciousness had direct/indirect effects on the Clothing interest/dressing for others in all subject groups. Private self-consciousness had direct/ indirect effects on dressing for self in high school boys and girls. Body-shape consciousness had indirect effects on Preference for up-to date style in male college students group, whereas weight control practices had effects on the Preference for up-to date style in female college students group. Self-esteem was found to have the effects on clothing behavior in college students groups. Among clothing attitude factors, Clothing exhibition had distinct effects on the Preference for up-to date style in all subject groups, and Clothing interest/dressing for others had effects on Clothing exhibition and Psychological clothing-dependence in high school boys and girs.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.21-44
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• 2004

Toe objective of this study is to verify the factors influencing the taxation cognition of medical institutions and to verify the difference of taxation cognition among the interest groups in medical services. The factors that influence taxation cognition are supposed to be five: cognition of public benefits on medical services, cognition of profits from medical institutions, cognition of self-responsibility of medical institutions, cognition of distinction of medical institutions, and cognition of the importance of medical services. The interest groups are divided into four: medical institution employees, medical treatment consumers, taxation experts, and tax officials. As a result of this study, first, cognition of public benefits, cognition of profits, and cognition of distinction are verified to have statistical significance as factors for taxation cognition. It means that cognition of the public benefits of medical services is low, while cognition of profits is high, and taxation cognition such as tax supports and tax exemption appears low in accordance with lowness of cognition of distinction of medical institutions. Second, taxation cognition of the interest groups about medical service shows statistical significance between the group of medical institution employees and the group of tax officials, and between the group of medical institution employees and the group of taxes experts. This study is expected to contribute to tax policy, which can support medical institutions to provide medical consumers with good medical services, by analyzing the factors that influence taxation cognition on medical institutions.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.456-469
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness of Korean unification and health care in healthcare professional students. Methods: Descriptive survey design was used, and self administered questionnaires were collected from 567 participants. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, ANOVA, and scheffe test. Results: A total of 279(54.4%) students answered that Korean unification is needed. The mean score of attentiveness to Korean unification was 5.27(${\pm}2.10$) out of 10, and the mean score of interest on health care for unification was 4.28(${\pm}2.26$). The degree of interest in Korean unification was significantly associated with the degree of health care for unification(p<.001). The mean score of necessity regarding health care education for unification was 5.59(${\pm}2.15$) out of 10, which was proportional to the degree of interest in the Korean unification(p<.001). The mean score of knowledge regarding North Korea's medical status was 2.35(${\pm}1.17$) out of 10. Conclusion: Based on the study results, continuous education about unification as well as health care for unification is required in order to increase awareness of Korean unification and healthcare in students. Furthermore, additional studies to better understand nursing care systems of North Korea and to identify the roles of nurses in the unification process and public healthcare of unified Korea are needed.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 2001

This study was to investigate factors of risk perception on major environmental issues among general public and environmental experts in Korea. Structured questionnaire surveys were conducted to samples from general public and environmental experts during March and April, 2000. Total numbers of respondents were 773, general public and 353 experts. Analysis of the data showed that risk perception was correlated with health concern, environmental satisfaction, perception of environmental pollution, interest on the environmental issues, knowledge, experiences, and social-cultural consciousness, and so on. Overall environmental risk perception was affected by knowledge on environmental issues, experience of damage from environmental problems, sex and perception of environmental pollution. According to the results, environmental risk perception is not independent from social and psychological factors, and it may be desirable to consider the related factors in the process of risk communication for a more effective risk management or environmental policy.