• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2009

본 연구는 소방시설공사에서의 분리발주제도의 도입을 통하여 소방산업의 발전과 더불어 국민 생활의 안전을 확보하는데 궁극적인 목적이 있다. 현재 국내의 공공공사에서 실행되고 있는 분리발주제도 현황과 외국의 공공공사 분리발주제도에 대한 사항을 분석하여 우리 실정에 적합한 소방시설공사에서의 분리발 주제도 도입 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 또한 현재 시행되고 있는 일괄발주제도와 분리발주제도의 비교 분석을 통하여 소방시설공사업의 분리발주제도 도입의 타당성을 검토하였으며, 이에 대한 법제화 추진 전략과 소방시설공사업법 및 동법 시행령 개선방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2007년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.531-534
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• 2007

현행 국내의 일괄입찰방식은 설계와 시공의 겸업금지로 공동도급 형태의 분담이행방식으로 운영되고 있어, 참여업체간의 의사소통 부족으로 인해 설계변경 클레임이 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 또한 수행절차 과정에서도 사업참여자간 의견대립으로 인해 상호교류가 부족하여 프로젝트를 효율적으로 수행하는데 어려움이 있다. 이 연구에서는 일괄입찰방식, 파트너링과 시공성 분석의 특성을 파악하고, 예비적 고찰을 통한 상호교류의 영향도와 문제점을 분석하여, 일괄입찰방식 실시설계단계에서 프로젝트의 효과를 극대화 할 수 있는 효율적인 파트너링과 시공성 분석 연계 프로세스 모델을 제시하였다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.447-462
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• 2021

In insurance, the surrender rate is an important variable that threatens the sustainability of insurers and determines the profitability of the contract. Unlike other actuarial assumptions that determine the cash flow of an insurance contract, however, it is characterized by endogenous variables such as people's economic, social, and subjective decisions. Therefore, a microscopic approach is required to identify and analyze the factors that determine the lapse rate. Specifically, micro-level characteristics including the individual, demographic, microeconomic, and household characteristics of policyholders are necessary for the analysis. In this study, we select panel survey data of Korean Retirement Income Study (KReIS) with many diverse dimensions to determine which variables have a decisive effect on the lapse and apply the lasso regularized regression model to analyze it empirically. As the data contain many missing values, they are imputed using the random forest method. Among the household variables, we find that the non-existence of old dependents, the existence of young dependents, and employed family members increase the surrender rate. Among the individual variables, divorce, non-urban residential areas, apartment type of housing, non-ownership of homes, and bad relationship with siblings increase the lapse rate. Finally, among the financial variables, low income, low expenditure, the existence of children that incur child care expenditure, not expecting to bequest from spouse, not holding public health insurance, and expecting to benefit from a retirement pension increase the lapse rate. Some of these findings are consistent with those in the literature.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.357-370
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• 2021

The evolution of blockchain-based systems has enabled researchers to develop nextgeneration e-voting systems. However, the classical consensus method of blockchain, that is, Proof-of-Work, as implemented in Bitcoin, has a significant impact on energy consumption and compromises the scalability, efficiency, and latency of the system. In this paper, we propose a hybrid consensus model (PSC-Bchain) composed of Proof of Credibility and Proof of Stake that work mutually to address the aforementioned problems to secure e-voting systems. Smart contracts are used to provide a trustworthy public bulletin board and a secure computing environment to ensure the accuracy of the ballot outcome. We combine a sharding mechanism with the PSC-Bchain hybrid approach to emphasize security, thus enhancing the scalability and performance of the blockchain-based e-voting system. Furthermore, we compare and discuss the execution of attacks on the classical blockchain and our proposed hybrid blockchain, and analyze the security. Our experiments yielded new observations on the overall security, performance, and scalability of blockchain-based e-voting systems.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.387-391
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• 2015

Currently, there is insufficient research on the construction management performance since the CM system was introduced in Korea. For successful completion of construction projects, active use of construction mangers on projects is necessary by introducing construction management to the projects. In view of this, this study analyzed the annual CM performance from 1996 to 2013 but for the past 5 years from 2009 to 2013, a detailed analysis was carried out. For different sectors, CM performances were divided into public and private sectors, for project types, construction, civil and others, for project phases, pre-design, design, construction and post-construction phases, for contract types, sole and joint contract types, for project scale, the amount of the projects was taken into consideration and they were divided into large, medium and small scales and for the types of projects, they were divided into, shops, department stores, shopping centers, hospitals, government buildings, hotels, accommodation facilities, factories, buildings for workshops, office buildings, stadiums, playgrounds, schools and other construction types and all the data divided into such categories was analyzed. The results in this study can be used as a basic reference for studies in analysing construction management performances.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권29호
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• pp.243-266
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• 2012

공모전이 활성화되어 다양한 단체에서 다양한 목적을 가지고 공모전을 주최하고 있다. 공공기관부터 개인 사업자까지 다양한 주최의 공모전 요강을 분석해보면 저작권을 주최 측이 가지려는 경향이 매우 크다. 공모전 요강 중 일부는 일종의 계약서이다. 주최 측은 요강을 통해 저작권에 대한 견해를 분명히 밝히고 있는 데 반해, 개인은 계약서로 보기보다는 공모전에 출품하기 위한 형식이라고 단순하게 생각하는 경향이 있다. 이제는 공모전의 저작권에 대한 문제 제기가 필요한 시점이다. 기업의 콘텐츠 저작권만 보호하는 것이 중요한 것이 아니라 개인의 콘텐츠 저작권 또한 보호받고 존중받아야 한다는 점이다. 본 연구는 공모전 요강에서 드러나는 저작권 소유와 저작권 침해 항목을 분석함으로써 저작권에 대한 문제 제기를 하는 데 목적이 있다. 공모전의 저작권 조항은 계약서 역할을 한다. 공모전의 저작권 항목은 갑과 을의 관계인 주최 측과 수상자 모두가 이해하고 수용할 수 있는 내용이 바람직한 공모전의 방향이다. 이를 위해서 공공기관부터 개인 사업자까지 우월적인 지위를 가진 주최 측의 인식변화가 필요하다. 그러기 위해서는 첫 번째, 저작권의 표기: 분명하고 구체적인 용어를 사용해야 한다. 두 번째, 해석의 범위: 포괄적인 해석이 가능한 표기가 아닌 구체적인 표기를 해야 한다. 세 번째, 저작재산권의 대가: 주최 측이 수상작의 저작재산권 소유나 이용이 필요할 경우, 저작재산권의 권리 소유나 이용에 맞는 대가의 상금액을 고려한 적정한 재산적 사용의 권리를 표기해야 한다. 네 번째, 사용기간: 저작재산권의 사용기간을 표기해야 한다. 다섯 번째, 권리의 범위: 주최 측이 필요로 하는 저작재산권의 범위를 한정 표기해야 한다. 여섯 번째, 상호존중: 일방적 계약이 아닌 상호 배려와 존중에 입각한 쌍방계약의 개념으로 저작권 관련 항목을 표기해야 한다.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제5권
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• pp.101-118
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• 1993

Generally there is no law and liability system which applies particulary to commercial space ventures. There are several international treaties and national statutes which deal with space ventures, but their impact on the liability of commercial space ventures has not been significant. Every state law in the United States will impose both tort and contract liability on those responsible for injuries or losses caused by defective products or by services performed negligently. As with the providers of other products and services, those who participate in commercial space ventures have exposure to liability in both tort and contract which is limited to the extent of the resulting damage The manufacturer of a small and cheap component which caused a satellite to fail to reach orbit or to operate nominally has the same exposure to liability as the provider of launch vehicle or the manufacturer of satellite into which the component was incorporaded. Considering the enormity of losses which may result from launch failure or satellite failure, those participated in commercial space ventures will do their best to limit their exposure to liability by contract to the extent permitted by law. In most states of the United States, contracts which limit or disclaim the liability are enforceable with respect to claims for losses or damage to property if they are drafted in compliance with the requirements of the applicable law. In California an attempt to disclaim the liability for one's own negligence will be enforceable only if the contract states explicitly that the parties intend to have the disclaimer apply to negligence claims. Most state laws of the United States will refuse to enforce contracts which attempt to disclaim the liability for gross negligence on public policy grounds. However, the public policy which favoured disclaiming the liability as to gross negligence for providers of launch services was pronounced by the United States Congress in the 1988 Amendments to the 1984 Commercial Space Launch Act. To extend the disclaimer of liability to remote purchasers, the contract of resale should state expressly that the disclaimer applies for the benefit of all contractors and subcontractors who participated in producing the product. This situation may occur when the purchaser of a satellite which has failed to reach orbit has not contracted directly with the provider of launch services. Contracts for launch services usually contain cross-waiver of liability clauses by which each participant in the launch agrees to be responsible for it's own loss and to waive any claims which it may have against other participants. The crosswaiver of liability clause may apply to the participants in the launch who are parties to the launch services agreement, but not apply to their subcontractors. The role of insurance in responding to many risks has been critical in assisting commercial space ventures grow. Today traditional property and liability insurance, such as pre-launch, launch and in-orbit insurance and third party liability insurance, have become mandatory parts of most space projects. The manufacture and pre-launch insurance covers direct physical loss or damage to the satellite, its apogee kick moter and including its related launch equipment from commencement of loading operations at the manufacture's plant until lift off. The launch and early orbit insurance covers the satellite for physical loss or damage from attachment of risk through to commissioning and for some period of initial operation between 180 days and 12 months after launch. The in-orbit insurance covers physical loss of or damage to the satellite occuring during or caused by an event during the policy period. The third party liability insurance covers the satellite owner' s liability exposure at the launch site and liability arising out of the launch and operation in orbit. In conclusion, the liability in commercial space ventures extends to any organization which participates in providing products and services used in the venture. Accordingly, it is essential for any organization participating in commercial space ventures to contractually disclaim its liability to the extent permitted by law. To achieve the effective disclaimers, it is necessary to determine the applicable law and to understand the requirements of the law which will govern the terms of the contract. A great deal of funds have been used in R&D for commercial space ventures to increase reliability, safety and success. However, the historical reliability of launches and success for commercial space ventures have proved to be slightly lower than we would have wished for. Space insurance has played an important role in reducing the high risks present in commercial space ventures.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.132-141
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• 2007

BTL 사업 대상 중 교육시설물은 교육인적자원부에 따르면 2007년까지 3개년에 걸쳐 13조원 이상 규모의 BTL 민간투자 사업을 발주하기로 하는 등 교육시설물의 건설은 국내 공공시설물 건설 사업에서 큰 비중을 점하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 교육시설물 BTL 사업의 비용 항목 중 운영관리비에 해당되는 위생관리비 산정 방법을 제시하였다. 또한 이를 바탕으로 유지관리 시스템의 주요 모듈을 개발하고, 개발된 모델의 타당성을 입증하기 위해 대안별 비용의 비교 분석을 실시하였다.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.281-307
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• 2020

A variety of approaches are being applied to improve the existing ex-ante evaluation by expert panels in publicly funded R&D. While the objective evaluation criteria are constantly being improved to screen and select the superior projects, alternative approaches such as random prioritization and logical modeling are also underway to overcome the conservative bias of reviewers and to secure disruptive innovation. This study intends to find critical implications for ex-ante evaluation of public R&D system from the comparison of Indonesia and Korea. For the comparative analysis, literature review and expert in-depth interviews are conducted on the national R&D system and the selection evaluation process. In Korea, the selection criteria of projects are legally promulgated for establishing an objective evaluation system, and at the program level, the major considerations in the planning process are specified by Presidential Decree. On the other hand, while Indonesia conducts R&D in 47 strategic fields largely by public research institutes (PRI) based on the non-competitive government contributions. This study draws out implications of institutionalizing the planning process at the level of program, and of increasing the ratio of contract-based competitive funding at the level of project in the national R&D portfolio.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.42-49
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• 2022

In recent years, Owner, Architects, and Contractor are increasingly collaborating with each other from pre construction phase in construction projects, which is called Early Contractor Involvement (ECI). In Japan, the ECI method has been introduced in several public building projects since 2015. The purpose of this study is mainly to clarify the characteristics of the ECI method in Japan and to compare the contract clauses of the ECI method in the UK and the USA. The results of the survey are as follows. (1) the ECI method was supposed to make it possible to achieve appropriate quality, cost, and construction period by reflecting Contractor's technology and know-how in the design documents and specifications. (2) According to the database, there were 27 cases of the ECI method in Japan from 2015 to 2021, of which 13 cases for which bidding information could be obtained had a variety of technical proposals, mainly VE proposals, depending on the project characteristics. (3), Japan's ECI method has very much in common with SBC + PCSA in the UK. On the other hand, ECI Method in Japan differs from in the UK in that Owner, Architect, and Contractor enter into a partnership agreement, which is similar to ConsensusDocs CD541 in the USA. (4) The ECI method in Japan has the following problems: Owner depends on Contractor for cost control, the division of roles among project members is complicated, and more work from Owner than the DBB method are required.